ObjectiveTo explore the distribution of multidrug resistant organism in neonates admitted to the hospital through various ways, and analyze the risk factors in order to avoid cross infection of multidrug resistant organism in neonatology department. MethodsA total of 2 124 neonates were monitored from January 2012 to July 2013, among which 1 119 were admitted from outpatient department (outpatient group), 782 were transferred from other departments (other department group), and 223 were from other hospitals (other hospital group). We analyzed their hospital stays, weight, average length of stay, and drug-resistant strains, and their relationship with nosocomial infection. ResultsAmong the 105 drug-resistant strains, there were 57 from the outpatient group, 27 from the other department group, and 21 from the other hospital group. The positive rate in the patients transferred from other hospitals was the highest (9.42%). Neonates with the hospital stay of more than 14 days and weighing 1 500 g or less were the high-risk groups of drug-resistant strains in nosocomial infection. Drug-resistant strains of nosocomial infection detected in the patients admitted through different ways were basically identical. ConclusionWe should strengthen screening, isolation, prevention and control work in the outpatient neonate. At the same time, we can't ignore the prevention and control of the infection in neonates from other departments or hospitals, especially the prevention and control work in neonates with the hospital stay of more than 14 days and weighing 1 500 g or less to reduce the occurrence of multiple drug-resistant strains cross infection.
ObjectiveTo explore the effect of case-based learning combined with scenario exercise on nosocomial infection prevention and control training.MethodsClinical nursing students who entered the Department of Western & Traditional Chinese Medicine between September 2018 and November 2019 were selected. These students entered in groups. According to the entry number, the groups were divided into trial group and control group by odd or even numbers. The two groups of nursing students were trained by the infection prevention and control nursing group of the department to prevent nosocomial infection on the first day of entering the department. The trial group adopted case-based learning combined with scenario exercise, while the control group adopted traditional lecture-based learning. The two groups were compared by hand hygiene compliance rate, hand hygiene accuracy rate, clinical waste classification and disposal accuracy rate, occupational exposure, nosocomial infection prevention and control assessment scores, and teaching method satisfaction.ResultsA total of 63 nursing students from 10 groups were enrolled. There were 32 students from 5 groups in the control group and 31 students from 5 groups in the trial group. The hand hygiene compliance rate (χ2=8.434, P=0.004), clinical waste classification and disposal accuracy rate (χ2=4.196, P=0.041), nosocomial infection prevention and control assessment scores (t=3.145, P=0.003) and satisfaction scores of teaching methods (t=2.446, P=0.017) in the trial group were all higher than those in the control group. There was no occupational exposure in the trial group, but 1 case in the control group. The correct hand hygiene rates of the two groups were both 100%.ConclusionCase-based learning combined with scenario exercise can effectively improve the awareness of nosocomial infection prevention and control, improve the knowledge and skills of nosocomial infection prevention and control, improve the effectiveness of nosocomial infection prevention and control training, and increase the satisfaction of clinical teaching.
According to the requirements for the “three districts and two channels” in the sanitary industry standard Technique Standard for Isolation in Hospitals, combining with the spirit of current documents related to the prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019, in order to guide medical institutions at all levels to conduct standardized design of fever clinics in accordance with the principle of “combining normal time and epidemic period”, this article explains the design points of the fever clinics for the prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019, introduces the specific methods for the fever clinics to achieve “three districts and two channels”, draws a schematic diagram of the fever clinics in general hospitals, and explains the functional layout and medical procedures of the clean area, potential contaminated area, and contaminated area in detail; at the same time, a schematic diagram of the change of fever clinics from “normal” to “during the epidemic” is drawn, and the ideas for the conversion and the process after the conversion are introduced. It proposes design ideas and drawing references for the construction, transformation, and expansion of fever clinics.
With the continuous development of medical technology, ambulatory surgery or day surgery is becoming a new and very efficient medical service model in China. However, infection prevention and control in ambulatory surgery center has not yet attracted the attention of infection control practitioners. This paper analyzes the necessity, status quo, and entry point of infection prevention and control work in ambulatory surgery centers. Recommendations in the field of risk assessment, engineering control, behavior management, surveillance, and antimicrobial stewardship are provided to infection control practitioners as well.
The article summarized the national and international history and current situation of healthcare-associated infection control, and analyzed the tendency of new technique and progress in healthcare-associated infection control according to the experience in research and practice.
ObjectiveTo analyze the relevant factors for surgical site infection. MethodsA total of 677 cases of surgery in one hospital from July 1 to December 31 in 2012 were surveyed (not including implant and cardiac intervention surgeries), which were divided into different groups according to the preoperative incision contamination level, and the postoperative healing of incisions were observed closely. After the patients were discharged, we investigated the situation of incisions by phone or periodic review, and forms were filled in on schedule. ResultsBy follow-up evaluation of the 677 cases, the incisions in 12 cases were infected and the infection rate was 1.77%. Polluted and infected (14.28%, 30.76%) incisions caused more infection than the clean and clean-polluted incisions (0.00%, 0.59%). The patients who stayed in hospital for 4 or more than 4 days before surgeries (infection rate was 4.55%) took more risk of infection than the patients whose preoperative time in hospital were 2-3 days (infection rate was 0.60%) and 1 or shorter than 1 day (0.68%). Perioperative use of antibiotics for longer than 72 hours will increase the risk of incision infection than those within 48 hours (7.69%, 0.00%; P=0.002). ConclusionSurgical site infection is related to the incision type. Shortening the preoperative in-hospital time will reduce the risk of infection. Long time use of antibiotics in perioperative period cannot prevent the postoperative infection effectively, but may increase the risk of infection.
ObjectiveTo analyze the status and influencing factors of awareness of diabetic retinopathy (DR) knowledge in diabetics in Funing County, Jiangsu Province. MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study. In 2021, a total of 2 125 residents with diabetes in Funing County, Jiangsu Province were recruited using cluster random sampling methods. General examinations were performed and ophthalmological evaluation were conducted including visual acuity in daily life, slit lamp microscope with preset lens, digital non-mydriatic fundus photography. Clinical assessment and classification of DR were according to the international standard clinical classifications of diabetic retinopathy in 2019. DR was classified into no obvious DR, mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), moderate NPDR, severe NPDR and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Field questionnaire surveys were conducted to show the awareness rate of DR knowledge. Then Chi-square test and Logistic regression analysis were used to investigate influencing factors. ResultsAmong 2 125 subjects, 762 (35.86%, 762/2 125) residents were male and 1 363 (64.14%, 1 363/2 125) residents were female. A total of 444 (20.89%, 444/2 125) subjects were diagnosed as DR. Among which, 438 (20.61%, 438/2 125) subjects were NPDR, 6 (0.28%, 6/2 125) subjects were PDR. A total of 419 (19.72%, 419/2 125) subjects were diagnosed as cataract. The topic awareness rates were all below 45.00%. The overall population awareness rate was 19.45% (4 959/25 500). Awareness rate was correlated with age, visual acuity in daily life, education level, family history of diabetes, diabetic retinopathy grades and the type of treatment for diabetes (P＜0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that the knowledge rate of prevention and treatment of DR Decreased significantly in patients aged 60-79 compared with those aged under 50 (P＜0.05). Compared with those with visual acuity＜0.1 in daily life, the knowledge rate of DR prevention and treatment in those with visual acuity≥0.1 was significantly decreased (P＜0.05). While primary school to college education, with family history of diabetes, with DR, oral hypoglycemic agents and/or insulin treatment were associated with higher awareness rate (P＜0.05). ConclusionsThe DR knowledge level is low among diabetics in Funing County, Jiangsu Province in 2021. Age, visual acuity in daily life, education level, family history of diabetes, with DR and receiving drug treatments are main influencing factors for diabetic’s awareness.
Surgical site infections are the common healthcare-associated infections. This article introduced the guidelines on the prevention and control of surgical site infection in using from background, making progress, and recommendations, to give directions for clinicians and infection prevention and control professionals choosing appropriately for decreasing surgical site infection risks.
Objective To investigate and analyze the epidemic characteristics and factors of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) to provide foundation and make prevention and treatment policy. Methods Statistical analysis was conducted to analyze the current existing PTB prevention and control data in the Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Zhushan County and corresponding prevention and treatment policy was proposed. Results Since 1997 when PTB was included into B infectious diseases in Zhushan County, 4 431 cases of PTB had been reported by the end of 2009. Annual reported incidence rate was 74.73 per 100 000 and the disease was found in 17 towns. All seasons witnessed the incidence but winter and summer had more sufferer. The youngest patient was 4 months whereas the oldest was 86 years old. The majority of the patients were from 20 to 59 years old, peasants were the main patients, and the incidence of male was higher than that of female. The use of chemotherapy resulted in a significant decline of PTB death rate. Poor immunity of elder group, population flow caused by poverty, low detection rate of patients and AIDS were the major causes to PTB epidemic. A lack of prevention and treatment in the grassroots hospital and difficulty to fully implement the Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course (DOTS) strategy in remote areas were also bottlenecks to PTB control process. Conclusion The followings should be performed to improve the quality of DOTS strategy implementation: strengthen the government’s commitment, provide policy and funding safeguard, conduct health education and health promotion widely, reinforce management according to the law, fully implement the DOTS strategy, and fortify the prevention and control construction.
To analyse the causes of biliary injuries and summuarize the experience of prevention of biliary injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Twenty-three patients with biliary duct injury were diagnosed and treated at our center between September 1992 and August 1998. The main causes were either misidentification of the bile duct or aberrant right duct as the cystic or injudicious use of thermal energy (cautery) to dissect, control bleeding, or divide tissue. Conclusion: The causes of biliary duct injury are complex. Training and experience of sugeon, the meticulous dissection of the calot′s triangle and preoperative or operative cholangiography are three key factors in prevention of biliary duct injury during LC.