Pain education based on biomedical models is currently a common approach to patient pain management. However, due to its inability to accurately explain pain, patients may develop incorrect beliefs and understandings about pain, leading to anxiety and fear of movement. Pain neuroscience education is based on a biological psychological social educational model, aiming to redefine the concept of pain. It has a positive effect on pain, catastrophizing, anxiety, and fear of movement, and is a reliable new method for pain rehabilitation therapy and management. This article provides a review of the concept, implementation principles, implementation methods, dosage factors, combination therapy, and clinical application of pain neuroscience education, in order to provide ideas for the rehabilitation therapy of pain.
Objective To investigate the effects of pain specialist nurse training (PSNT) on nurse’s pain management knowledge and attitude. Methods By distributing the “questionnaire of pain management knowledge and attitude”, 95 certified nurses, who were from 24 hospitals of different levels in Sichuan, Chongqing, Yunnan and Xinjiang, were investigated to survey their knowledge and attitude changes before and after PSNT. The data were analyzed by t-test. Results A total of 190 questionnaires were distributed to 95 nurses, and 190 returned, with a effective response rate of 100%. The result showed that, the total score after training (34.00±5.30) was significantly higher than that before training (17.58±4.00), with a significant difference (P=0.000). Conclusion The pain specialist nurse training can improve nurses’ knowledge and their attitudes on pain management.
Objective To explore the effect of pain management by anesthesia nurses on labor analgesia. Methods A total of 100 parturient women in the Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology between July and August 2015 were randomly divided into two groups: analgesia group and control group with 50 in each. Both two groups accepted labor analgesia routine maternity nursing. Analgesia group accepted maternal perinatal term pain management in addition to the routine nursing. Then we compared degree of pain during the production process, labor time and perineal injury between the two groups of women. Results The number of women with a labor pain degree of 0-Ⅲ in the analgesia group was respectively 36 (72%), 12 (24%), 2 (4%) and 0 (0%), and the number in the control group was respectively 23 (46%), 17 (34%), 8 (16%), and 2 (4%). The above difference between the two groups was statistically significant (Z=–2.908, P =0.004). The number of women with intact perineum, perineal injury of lateral and median cut, and Ⅰ-Ⅲ degree laceration in the analgesia group was respectively 31 (62%), 7 (14%), 8 (16%), 4 (8%) and 0 (0%); and the number in the control group was respectively 21 (42%), 12 (24%), 10 (20%), 7 (14%) and 0 (0%), also with significant difference between the two groups (Z =–2.028, P =0.043). The first and second labor stage of the analgesia group was (462.32±101.27) and (63.58±10.38) minutes, and was (568.27±113.28) and (76.92±11.24) minutes in the control group, with significant differences between the two groups (P<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the third labor stage (5.78±3.02) and (5.97±2.96) minutes, (P=0.654). Conclusions The implementation of pain management by anesthesia nurses on labor analgesia can significantly reduce maternal labor pain, shorten the time of labor, and the condition of the perineal injury is mild and easily acceptable. It is worthy of clinical promotion.
ObjectiveTo investigate the effectiveness of preemptive analgesia with imrecoxib on analgesia after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. MethodsA total of 160 patients with ACL injuries who met the selection criteria and were admitted between November 2020 and August 2021 were selected and divided into 4 groups according to the random number table method (n=40). Group A began to take imrecoxib 3 days before operation (100 mg/time, 2 times/day); group B began to take imrecoxib 1 day before operation (100 mg/time, 2 times/day); group C took 200 mg of imrecoxib 2 hours before operation (5 mL of water); and group D did not take any analgesic drugs before operation. There was no significant difference in gender, age, body mass index, constituent ratio of meniscal injuries with preoperative MRI grade 3, constituent ratio of cartilage injury Outerbridge grade 3, and visual analogue scale (VAS) score at the time of injury and at rest among 4 groups (P>0.05). The operation time, hospitalization stay, constituent ratio of perioperative American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade 1, postoperative opioid dosage, and complications were recorded. The VAS scores were used to evaluate the degree of knee joint pain, including resting VAS scores before operation and at 6, 24, 48 hours, and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after operation, and walking, knee flexion, and night VAS scores at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after operation. The knee injury and osteoarthritis score (KOOS) was used to evaluate postoperative quality of life and knee-related symptoms of patients, mainly including pain, symptoms, daily activities, sports and entertainment functions, knee-related quality of life (QOL); and the Lysholm score was used to evaluate knee joint function. ResultsAll patients were followed up 1 year. There was no significant difference in operation time, hospitalization time, or constituent ratio of perioperative ASA grade 1 among 4 groups (P>0.05); the dosage of opioids in groups A-C was significantly less than that in group D (P<0.05). Except for 1 case of postoperative fever in group B, no complications such as joint infection, deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities, or knee joint instability occurred in each group. The resting VAS scores of groups A-C at 6 and 24 hours after operation were lower than those of group D, and the score of group A at 6 hours after operation was lower than those of group C, and the differences were significant (P<0.05). At 1 month after operation, the knee flexion VAS scores of groups A-C were lower than those of group D, the walking VAS scores of groups A and B were lower than those of groups C and D, the differences were significant (P<0.05). At 1 month after operation, the KOOS pain scores in groups A-C were higher than those in group D, there was significant difference between groups A, B and group D (P<0.05); the KOOS QOL scores in groups A-C were higher than that in group D, all showing significant differences (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between groups A-C (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in VAS scores and KOOS scores between the groups at other time points (P>0.05). And there was no significant difference in Lysholm scores between the groups at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after operation (P>0.05). ConclusionCompared with the traditional analgesic scheme, applying the concept of preemptive analgesia with imrecoxib to manage the perioperative pain of ACL reconstruction can effectively reduce the early postoperative pain, reduce the dosage of opioids, and promote the early recovery of limb function.
Objective To explore the application effect of day surgery nursing based on finite time theory in patients undergoing gastroesophageal reflux surgery. Methods A total of 108 patients undergoing gastroesophageal reflux surgery in Day Surgery Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University were enrolled and divided into control group (n=54, routine nursing) and study group (n=54, finite time theory intervention on basis of control group) according to random number table method between May 2023 and May 2025. The scores of Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain before and after surgery, postoperative recovery indexes, total incidence of postoperative complications, scores of Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) before surgery and discharge, and patients satisfaction in the two groups were compared. Results After surgery, the VAS score in the study group was lower than that in the control group (2.86±0.31 vs. 3.58±0.39, P<0.05). The first leaving bed time, the first time for liquid intake, and the postoperative anal exhaust time in the study group [(6.23±0.68), (4.22±0.53), and (16.78±2.03) h, respectively] were shorter than those in control group [(8.24±1.34), (6.68±0.86), (19.14±2.21) h, respectively; P<0.05]. Before discharge, the scores of SAS and SDS in the study group (49.14±5.11 and 41.26±4.31, respectively) were lower than those in the control group (53.79±5.58 and 49.85±5.06, respectively; P<0.05). The scores of patients satisfaction with daytime medical treatment process, doctor-nurse-patient communication, service attitude of medical staff and health education methods in the study group (91.56±3.58, 93.27±3.24, 92.07±5.37, and 92.68±4.22, respectively) were higher than those in the control group (82.35±4.11, 83.51±5.20, 84.11±4.33, and 81.70±5.41, respectively; P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the total incidence of postoperative complications between the two groups (9.25% vs. 16.67%, P>0.05). Conclusion The day surgery nursing based on finite time theory can effectively alleviate postoperative pain, accelerate postoperative recovery, improve psychological state and nursing satisfaction in patients undergoing gastroesophageal reflux surgery.
ObjectiveTo explore the role of fast-track surgery (FTS) in day-case laparoscopic cholecystectomy (DLC) pain management. MethodsWe used bidirectional cohort study to investigate the patients undergoing day surgery of laparoscopic cholecystectomy admitted into our department. A total of 143 patients between April and September 2014 receiving routine pain management were chosen to be the control group, and 78 patients between October 2014 and January 2015 receiving FTS pain management were regarded as the FTS group. Postoperative pain, early ambulation, influence of pain on the sleep, patients' satisfaction and prolonged hospital stay rate were compared between the two groups. ResultsPain scores of patients in the FTS group 0-0.5, 0.5-6, 6-12, and 12-24 hours after surgery were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The proportion of patients with early postoperative ambulation and patients' satisfaction rate in the FTS group were significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). ConclusionThe FTS pain management model can effectively reduce patients' pain after DLC, accelerate patients' postoperative rehabilitation and increase patients' satisfaction.
目的 了解住院患者疼痛控制結局的現狀及對疼痛控制的滿意度，為疼痛管理提供依據。 方法 2012年5月運用便利抽樣法選取206例住院患者為研究對象，采用調查問卷的方式了解患者疼痛管理現狀和滿意度。調查工具為自行設計的患者基本信息調查表、美國疼痛協會結局問卷修訂量表。 結果 調查對象當前、過去24 h內最劇烈的疼痛程度及疼痛平均水平以輕度為主，分別占43.2%、42.2%、40.3%；疼痛對一般活動、情緒和其他康復活動的影響程度以中度為主，分別占52.4%、58.3%、53.4%；對疼痛處理結果的滿意度以一般為主，占40.8%；78.6%的患者在入院時未被告知疼痛治療的重要性；66.5%～84.5%的患者對疼痛和止痛藥的認知均較差。 結論 二級醫院住院患者的疼痛程度較輕，其對生活影響程度尚不嚴重，但患者對疼痛控制的滿意度欠佳，對疼痛相關知識的認知也較差，急需醫護人員采取相應的措施提高疼痛控制的效果和質量，從而提高患者在住院期間的滿意度。
Objective To understand the incidence and severity of postoperative acute pain in patients undergoing day surgery, and to explore the influencing factors of moderate to severe pain after surgery, so as to provide a reference for pain management in day surgery. Methods Convenience sampling method was used to select patients undergoing day surgery under multi-modal pain management in West China Hospital of Sichuan University between April and August 2020, and the general conditions, surgical conditions, and postoperative pain of the patients were investigated. According to the degree of postoperative pain, patients were divided into mild pain group and moderate to severe pain group. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of postoperative pain in the two groups. Results A total of 509 patients were finally included, of which 69 patients presented with moderate to severe pain. Logistic regression analysis showed that patient age [odds ratio (OR)=0.970, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.946, 0.993), P=0.012], pain threshold [OR=1.348, 95%CI (1.048, 1.734), P=0.020] and postoperative drainage tube [OR=2.752, 95%CI (1.090, 6.938), P=0.017] were the influencing factors of moderate to severe pain after surgery. Conclusion Under multimodal pain management, the incidence of moderate to severe pain in day surgery patients is low, and medical staff should further strengthen pain management from the factors affecting pain to reduce the incidence of moderate to severe pain after surgery.