ObjectiveTo explore the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension in Anyue County from June 2011 to June 2013. MethodsUsing stratfied random cluster sampling method, 5 391 people over 15 years of age were selected from 3 residential areas and 3 natural villages to finish a questionnaire and blood pressure measurement. ResultsThe total prevalence rate of hypertension in Anyue County was 18.77%. The prevalence rates of hypertension in urban areas and rural areas were 21.75% and 16.20%, and the difference was significant (χ2=27.120, P<0.001). In both urban and rural areas, the prevalence rate of hypertension increased with age (χ2=475.634, P<0.001; χ2=394.026, P<0.001). The percentages of awareness, treatment and control in Anyue County were 31.30%, 24.41%, and 9.09%. The percentages of awareness, treatment and control in urban areas were 40.15%, 33.70%, and 11.23% and were 20.68%, 13.65%, and 6.61% in rural areas. There were significant differences in the percentages of awareness, treatment and control between urban and rural areas (χ2=44.475, P<0.001; χ2=54.861, P<0.001; χ2=8.202, P=0.004). The logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR=1.061, P<0.001), diabetes (OR=1.550, P<0.001), hyperlipemia (OR=2.372, P<0.001) and smoking (OR=1.335, P<0.001) were the risk factors for hypertension; and it showed that high level of education was a protective factor for hypertension (OR=0.755, P<0.001). ConclusionBecause of high prevalence and low percentages of awareness, treatment and control in Anyue County, the prevention and control situation of hypertension are grim. We should focus on the control of smoking, blood lipid and blood glucose.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the prevalence of cognitive impairment in patients with sarcopenia. MethodsThe PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CBM, CNKI, VIP and WanFang Data databases were electronically searched to collect studies related to the objectives from inception to December 10, 2022. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. Meta-analysis was then performed by using Stata 14.0 software. ResultsA total of 27 studies were included. The overall prevalence rate of cognitive impairment in sarcopenia was 36.1% (95%CI 29.4% to 42.8%). Subgroup analysis showed that the prevalence in Europe was higher than that in other areas. The prevalence of nursing home residents was highest. ConclusionCurrent evidence shows that the prevalence of cognitive impairment in patients with sarcopenia is high. Due to the limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.
ObjectiveTo investigate the blood pressure level and prevalence of hypertension in middle-aged people with positive family history of hypertension in Chengdu area, compare the differences between middle-aged people with positive family history of hypertension and middle-aged people with negative family history of hypertension, and explore the influencing factors of hypertension in middle-aged people with positive family history of hypertension.MethodsFrom September 2013 to March 2014, the stratified sampling method was used to survey 3 096 middle-aged people aged 40-59 years in Chengdu. Their height, weight, blood pressure, blood glucose, and blood lipids were measured. Questionnaire surveys were conducted using a uniformly designed questionnaire. The blood pressure levels and hypertension prevalences were compared between people with and without positive family history of hypertension. The influencing factors of hypertension in middle-aged people with positive family history of hypertension were analyzed using multiple logistic regression.ResultsThere were significant differences between the middle-aged people with positive family history of hypertension and the ones with negative family history of hypertension in systolic blood pressure [(137.4±22.4) vs. (118.0±11.3) mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa), P<0.001], diastolic blood pressure [(84.1±12.2) vs. (73.9±7.7) mm Hg, P<0.001], and prevalence of hypertension (28.6% vs. 22.2%, P<0.001). Ageing [odds ratio (OR)=1.107, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.071, 1.144), P<0.001], monthly personal income ≥3 000 yuan [OR=1.566, 95%CI (1.003, 2.445), P=0.048], and abdominal obesity [OR=1.658, 95%CI (1.091, 2.520), P=0.018] were the risk factors for hypertension in middle-aged males with positive family history. Ageing [OR=2.257, 95%CI (1.202, 4.025), P=0.026] and overweight or obesity [OR=2.365, 95%CI (1.653, 3.385), P<0.001] were the risk factors, and physical exercise [OR=0.529, 95%CI (0.304, 0.918), P=0.024] was the protective factor for hypertension in middle-aged females with positive family history.ConclusionsThe prevalence of hypertension is high in middle-aged population with positive family history of hypertension in Chengdu and is significantly higher than that in the ones with negative family history of hypertension. Strengthening health education on hypertension-related knowledge, and reasonably controlling waist circumference and body weight may have positive significance in preventing or delaying the occurrence of hypertension in people with positive family history of hypertension.
Objective To study the prevalence of snoring in adults aged over 35 yrs in Kelamayi city of Xinjiang province, and screen the snoring associated factors.Methods 2600 subjects( age≥35 yrs) were enrolled from a random sample of the population living in 5 streets, two districts in Kelamayi city. All subjects were required to answer questions about their snoring by himself or bed partner at home. The questionnaire included items concerning snoring, daytime sleepness ( Epworth sleep scale, ESS) , smoking and drinking habits, while height, weight, neck circumference, abdominal circumference, waistline, and hip circumference were meatured. The subjects were assigned to a high risk group and a low risk group according to the questionaire of scoring. Results 2590 subjects had completed the questionnaire and 2513 ( 97. 0% )were eligble for evaluation. The cases of ever snoring was 1312 ( 52. 2% ) , among which moderate to severe snoring accounted for 38. 9% . Before the age of 60 yrs, the risk of snoring increased with age, and higher in males than females( 61. 7% vs. 45. 1% ) . The prevalence of snoring increased with neck circumference( P lt;0. 05) . The body mass index ( BMI) [ ( 28. 2 ±3. 6) kg/m2 vs. ( 25. 1 ±3. 9) kg/m2 ] , neck circumference [ ( 37. 7 ±3. 6) cmvs. ( 35. 6 ±3. 6) cm] , abdominal circumference [ ( 96. 9 ±13. 6) cm vs. ( 88. 7 ±11. 1) cm] , waistline [ ( 92. 2 ±9. 8) cm vs. ( 84. 7 ±10. 2) cm] , hip circumference [ ( 102. 9 ±9. 6) cm vs.( 96. 4 ±9. 3) cm] , proportionlity of waistline to hip circumference ( 0. 90 ±0. 07 vs. 0. 88 ±0. 08) , systolic blood pressure [ ( 132. 0 ±17. 5) mm Hg vs. ( 125. 6 ±16. 8) mm Hg] , and diastolic blood pressure [ ( 83. 3 ±12. 8) mm Hg vs. ( 78. 3 ±12. 6) mm Hg] were significantly different bettween the high and the low risk groups ( P lt; 0. 01) . Logistic regression analysis revealed that age ( OR = 1. 519) , BMI ( OR =2. 549) , neck circumference (OR = 2. 473) , smoking (OR = 2. 765) , ESS(OR = 2. 575) , and postmenopause( OR=1. 806) were main risk factors for snoring( P lt; 0. 05) . Conclusions The prevalence of snoring in adults over 35 yrs is high in Kelamayi city. The high risk factors for snoring are age, BMI, neck circumference, smoking, ESS, and post-menopause.
ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence and risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Dayi County of Chengdu. MethodsRandomly cluster sampled residents between 40 and 70 years of age from two natural villages in the rural communities from February to December, 2010 were included in our study. We used questionnaire survey, physical examination and portable spirometry to collect data. Post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity of less than 70% was defined as the diagnostic criterion of COPD. Univariate analysis and logistic regression mode were used to define the risk factors. ResultsA total of 1 017 residents were enrolled in this survey, and 782 participants were valid for analysis, with a valid response rate of 76.89%. There were 330 males and 452 females, with an average age of (51.97±8.17) years old. The overall prevalence of COPD was 10.61%. After population standardization, the prevalence rate was 12.37%, and the overall prevalence increased with increment of age. The prevalence in male (13.33%) was higher than that in female (8.62%) with significant difference (P<0.01) and the prevalence increased with age. Univariate analysis showed that sex, age, education level, smoking and amount of smoking (pack-years) were the risk factors for COPD with significant difference. Logistic regression analysis showed that age, amount of smoking (pack-years) were the main risk factors for COPD. ConclusionCOPD is highly prevalent in Dayi County of Chengdu and it is important to prevent COPD by controlling smoking and improving education level.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the prevalence of low back pain in adult population in China, so as to provide a reliable scientific basis for further scientific research and social decision-making of low back pain.MethodsPubMed, EMbase, VIP, WanFang Data and CNKI databases were electronically searched to collect the studies on prevalence of low back pain in adult population in China from inception to October 28, 2017. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed risk of bias of included studies. Then, systematic review was performed.ResultsA total of 16 studies were included. The results showed that: significant heterogeneity had been observed among the different studies. The previous affected prevalence was 7.21% to 39.0%, annual prevalence was 20.88% to 29.88%, and time period prevalence was 6.11% to 28.5%. Six studies reported the different prevalence between genders, in which only one study found a little higher prevalence in male, and the other five found higher prevalence in females than males.ConclusionsCurrent evidence shows that there is significant heterogeneity in studies on prevalence of low back pain among adults in China, and all of them are data from a single province or region. It is suggested that a national prospective survey should be conducted to provide more accurate epidemiological data.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the prevalence of osteoarthritis in Chinese aged 40 and above from January 2000 to December 2019.MethodsPubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, The Cochrane Library, CBM, VIP, CNKI and WanFang Data databases were electronically searched to collect cross-sectional studies on osteoarthritis in Chinese aged 40 and above from January 1st, 2000 to December 31st, 2019. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed risk of bias of included studies. Meta-analysis was then performed using R 3.5.2 software.ResultsA total of 29 cross-sectional studies with a total sample of 60 711 cases and 19 707 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that, the crude prevalence of osteoarthritis in Chinese aged 40 and over was 38.46% (95%CI 24.31% to 46.22%). Subgroup analysis results showed that the prevalence of lumbar osteoarthritis was the highest (24.79%, 95%CI 13.28% to 27.37%), followed by knee osteoarthritis prevalence (20.50%, 95%CI 14.51% to 27.23%) which increased with age. The prevalence of knee osteoarthritis in females (25.14%, 95%CI 19.54% to 31.19%) was higher than that in males (18.99%, 95%CI 13.86% to 24.71%). The prevalence of knee and lumbar osteoarthritis in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas. The prevalence of knee osteoarthritis in western China (23.59%, 95%CI 18.34% to 30.35%) was higher than that in eastern China (18.36%, 95%CI 12.43% to 27.92%) and central China (15.54%, 95%CI 11.22% to 21.53%). The prevalence of lumbar osteoarthritis in western China (31.17%, 95%CI 19.21% to 50.60%) was higher than that in eastern China (24.38%, 95%CI 16.26% to 36.54%). The incidence of cervical osteoarthritis in the eastern China (20.49%, 95%CI 13.90% to 30.21%) was higher than that in the western China (12.32% 95%CI 8.09% to 18.75%). The prevalence of hand osteoarthritis in western China (6.85%, 95%CI 2.71% to 8.13%) was higher than that in eastern China (2.7%, 95%CI 1.33% to 5.48%).ConclusionsCurrent evidence shows that the prevalence of osteoarthritis in Chinese aged 40 and above is high, and the prevalence of lumbar osteoarthritis is the highest, and the prevalence in western China is higher than that in eastern and central China, followed by knee osteoarthritis, in which the prevalence in females, rural areas, and western China is high. Due to limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high quality studies are required to verify above conclusion.
Objective To systematically review the prevalence of osteoporosis (OP) in Chinese postmenopausal females. Methods The CNKI, VIP, CBM, WanFang Data, PubMed, EMbase and The Cochrane Library databases were electronically searched to collect studies on the prevalence of OP in Chinese postmenopausal females from inception to March 17th, 2022. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data and evaluated the risk of bias of the included studies. Meta-analysis was then performed using Stata 14.0 software. Results A total of 54 studies involving 96 391 cases and 41 651 confirmed OP patients were included. The meta-analysis results showed that the prevalence of OP in Chinese postmenopausal females was 38.8% (95%CI 34.1% to 43.5%). Subgroup analysis showed that the prevalence of OP was 31.7% (95%CI 16.6% to 48.6%) in females who had been menopausal for less than 5 years, 47.4% (95%CI 32.2% to 62.5%) for 5-9 years, 52.7% (95%CI 37.1% to 68.3%) for 10-14 years, 77.5% (95%CI 69.5% to 85.4%) for 15-19 years, and 78.3% (95%CI 56.3% to 100.0%) for more than 20 years. The rate was 16.2% (95%CI 28.8% to 37.2%) in under 50 years age group, 28.8% (95%CI 34.4% to 47.9%) for 50- years group, 41.1% (95%CI 34.4% to 47.9%) for 60- years group, 55.3% (95%CI 45.8% to 64.8%) for 70- years group, 82.0% (95%CI 76.1% to 87.9%) for 80- years group. The prevalence in different regions was between 31.0% and 43.5%, which was lowest in the northeast (31.0%, 95%CI 26.3% to 51.4%) and highest in the northwest (43.5%, 95%CI 22.3% to 64.7%). According to the year of publication, the rate was 43.9% (95%CI 15.7% to 72.0%) from 1997 to 2009 and 38.2% (95%CI 33.8% to 42.5%) from 2010 to 2021. The prevalence of OP was 24.9% (95%CI 20.5% to 29.3%) in postmenopausal females with no birth or 1 birth, and 45.0% (95%CI 37.0% to 53.0%) in females with 2 or more births. Conclusion The prevalence of OP in Chinese postmenopausal females is relatively high. Due to the limited quantity and quality of the included studies, more high-quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.
Objective To investigate the suicide related factors of the teenagers after trauma and further discuss the prevalence and related factors of suicide idea plan and behavior. Methods Using the general information questionnaire and the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) to investigate the primary and secondary students in the nine worst-hit areas in Wenchuan earthquake of 2008, with cluster random sampling and the class as a sampling unit, to extract random 110 primary and middle schools and gather their general information, disaster-related cases and scores of suicide in YRBS. According to the different types of data, we used descriptive statistics,t test,Chi square test and Logistic regression analysis and respectively use single factor analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis for suicide idea, plan and behavior. Results A total of 7 833 questionnaires were sent out and a total of 7 521 questionnaires were collected and the recovery rate was 96. 02%. Among them, there were 6 875 valid questionnaires (91.41%) and 636 invalid questionnaires. According to the investigation, the prevalence of the primary and secondary students which had seriously considered suicide was 6. 90%, which had a plan to commit suicide was 4.00% and which tried to take over the action of suicide was 2.70%. With general information for the independent variable, logistic regression analysis showed that whether there had seriously considered suicide as the dependent variable: age (OR=1.178, 95%CI 1.098 to 1.178) and changed in family structure after the earthquake (OR=1.360, 95%CI 1.360 to 1.085) were risk factors for post disaster the teenagers with suicide idea; whether there had been plan to commit suicide as the dependent variable: age (OR=1.099, 95%CI 1.050 to 1.150), the history of being buried in ruin (OR=2.155, 95%CI to 1.104 to 4.205) and changed in family structure after the earthquake (OR=1.495, 95%CI 1.128 to 1.981) were risk factors for post disaster the teenagers with suicide plan; whether took over the action of suicide as the dependent variable: male (OR=1.513, 95%CI 1.122 to 2.039) and changed in family structure after the earthquake (OR=1.555, 95%CI 1.112 to 2.175) were risk factors for post disaster the teenagers with suicide behavior. Conclusion Age and changed in family structure after the earthquake were the risk factors for suicide idea and age was positively correlated with suicidal idea. Age, had the history of being buried in ruin and changed in family structure after the earthquake were the risk factors for suicide plan and age was positively associated with suicide plan. Male and changed in family structure after the earthquake were the risk factors for suicide behavior. Among them, changed in family structure after the earthquake was the common risk factor. So there should be targeted psychological assessment and psychological rehabilitation intervention to avoid the risk of suicide among the teenagers after the disaster.
Objective To study the prevalence of combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) in a community-based lung cancer screening program in Shanghai. Methods From June 2018 to July 2019, eligible participants who were assessed through a high-risk lung cancer questionnaire in Xuhui, Shanghai underwent low-dose computed tomography of the lungs. The suspected CPFE patients were invited to provide medical history and blood for analysis, and received high-resolution CT (HRCT) scanning for confirmation. Results Of the 15 cases of suspected CPFE from a total of 4478 participants in which 1704 males and 2774 females, 4 declined further examination and 11 received further examine. Eight subjects were confirmed as CPFE, and all were male, of whom two were ex-smokers and six were active smokers. These CPFE patients had cough, chest tightness and dyspnea. There were 3 cases of centrilobular emphysema, 2 cases of paraseptal emphysema, 1 case of panlobular emphysema and 2 cases of mixed emphysema. There were 2 cases of usual interstitial pneumonia, 3 cases of non-specific interstitial pneumonia, 2 cases of airspace enlargement with fibrosis and 1 case of unclassifiable smoking-related interstitial fibrosis. The KBILD scores were 61.7±7.5 and mMRC scores were 1.5±0.8. Serum Krebs von den Lungen-6 concentration was (380.75±212.05)U/mL. Lung function test showed normal or mild restrictive ventilatory function, and mild-moderate impairment in diffusion capacity. Conclusions The prevalence of CPFE is 1.79‰ in a community-based lung cancer screening population, and is 4.69‰ in male lung cancer screening population.