ObjectiveTo determine the nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB) activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in patients with acute cholangitis of severe type (ACST) and correlate the degree of NFkB activation with severity of biliary tract infection and clinical outcome.MethodsTwenty patients with ACST were divided into survivor group (14 cases) and nonsurvivor group (6 cases). Other 10 patients undergoing elective gastrectomy or inguinal hernia repair were selected as control group. Peripheral blood samples were taken 24 hours after operation, PBMC was separated and nuclear proteins were isolated from PBMC, and NFkB was determined with electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). The levels of TNFα, IL6 and IL10 in plasma were determined by using an enzymelinked immunoassay (ELISA). ResultsThe NFkB activity was 5.02±1.03, 2.98±0.51 and 1.02±0.34 respectively in three groups. It was increased in all patients with ACST, versus the control group (P＜0.05), and the patients of nonsurvivor group had higher levels of NFkB activation than those of survivor group (P＜0.05). The levels of TNFα and IL6 were (496.28±52.35) ng/L and (578.13±67.72) ng/L in nonsurvivor group; (284.47±39.41) ng/L and (318.67±34.92) ng/L in survivor group; (89.43±10.39) ng/L and (101.27±13.47) ng/L in control group. All patients with ACST had increased levels of TNFα and IL6, which were many fold greater than that of control group, and there was an evidence of significantly higher levels in nonsurvivor group than in survivor group (P＜0.05). All patients had also increased levels of IL10 as compared to control group (P＜0.05), but the IL10 concentrations in plasma were not significantly higher in nonsurvivors than that of in those survivors (Pgt;0.05). ConclusionNFkB activation in PBMCs in patients with ACST
ObjectiveTo study the contents of CD44 that shared exon variant 5 (CD44v5) in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of patients with gastric carcinoma and the expression of CD44v5 in tumor tissue and their clinical significance. MethodsThe contents of CD44v5 were determined by FlowCytometry in PBL of 31 patients with gastric carcinoma before surgery and 10 normal controls. Tissue expression of CD44v5 in 33 patients with gastric carcinoma was investigated by immunohistochemistry. ResultsThe contents of CD44v5 were significantly higher in PBL of patients with gastric carcinoma before surgery than those of controls (P＜0.01). Nodepositive gastric cancer patients showed significantly elevated contents of CD44v5 in PBL in comparison with nodenegative gastric cancer (P＜0.01）. Significant correlations were noted between the contents of CD44v5 in PBL of patients with gastric carcinoma before surgery and tumor size, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis and different the Vnion International Centre Le Cancer (VICC) stages of tumor (P＜0.05). The expression of CD44v5 could be detected in 69.7% of tumor tissue,but was not detected in adjacent normal gastric mucosa. Significant correlations were noted between CD44v5 expression and depth of invasion,and lymph node metastasis.The presence of CD44v5 protein was correlated with the lymph node involvement rate. Conclusion CD44v5 in PBL or tumor tissue may be useful as a metastatic marker. It may be of important clinical value in the diagnosis of metastasis and judgement of development for the patients with gastric cancer.
In recent years, many scholars have explored the clinical application value of a number of peripheral hematology indexes in tumor patients. The significant correlation of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and platelet to lymphocyte ratio with the prognosis in various tumors has also been confirmed. At present, more peripheral blood indexes have been gradually applied to the evaluation of the prognosis in patients with malignant tumors. Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a type of highly malignant tumor and most patients are in advanced stage at the time of diagnosis. The evaluation value of tumor stage for survival is extremely limited. Therefore, this review intends to explain the relationship between various peripheral hematology indexes and the prognosis of SCLC patients, so as to provide some academic evidence for the clinical assessment of the survival of SCLC patients and formulation of appropriate treatment strategy, which may contribute to the improvement of the prognosis.
Abstract： Objective To evaluate the sensitivity, specificity and clinical significance of Lunx mRNA in surveying micrometastasis by sampling peripheral blood of lung cancer patients, studying the early diagnosis of lung cancer metastasis. Methods From March 2004 to February 2005，Reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was used to detect Lunx mRNA of peripheral blood of 60 lung cancer patients（lung ancer group）. Peripheral blood of 20 patients with pulmonary benign lesions (pulmonary benign lesions group) and 10 normal healthy volunteers (control group) were used as control. Results (1) In the lung cancer group, Lunx mRNA were expressed positive in 28(46.7％) patients. All the pulmonary benign lesions group (0/20) and the control group (0/10) were expressed negative. (2) One of the 12 stage I patients with lung cancer (8.3％) was positive for Lunx mRNA, 5 of the 15 stage Ⅱ patients (33.3%) were positive, 22 of the 33 stage Ⅲ patients (66.7%) were positive. Comparing the positive rate of these groups, there was no statistically difference between stage Ⅰ and stage Ⅱ, but the difference between stage Ⅰ+ stage Ⅱ and stage Ⅲ significant (χ2=15.88, P=0.000). (3) In 38 adenocarcinoma, 17 were positive for Lunx mRNA. In 14 squamous carcinoma, 7 were positive. All the 3 adenosquamous carcinoma expressed positive. 1 of 3 small cell lung cancer was positive, 1 large cell carcinoma and 1 carcinoma sarcomatodes expressed negative. Comparing the positive rate of these groups, there was no statistically difference among them. (4) By followup till March 2005, 10 lung cancer patients were found metastasis. Among them, 9 were positive for Lunx mRNA expression, and 1 was negative. Conclusion Lunx mRNA has high sensitivity and specificity in surveying micrometastasis by ampling peripheral blood. It would likely to be an proper gene for the detection of micrometastasis in lung cancer patients.
ObjectTo investigate the pathogenesis of drug-resistant epilepsy by examining the expression of mRNA and protein of Cell Division Cycle 42 GTP-binding protein (Cdc42), Neural Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein (N-WASP) and Actin-related protein 2/3(Arp2/3) in peripheral blood of patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE).MethodsSeventy two essential epilepsy patients who were attended at outpatients and inpatients in the Department of Neurology of the Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities were selected from October 2016 to October 2018. According to the 2010 International League Against Epilepsy’s definition of Drug-Resistant Epilepsy, the patients were divided into 2 groups: 32 patients with DRE were defined as DRE group, 40 patients with anti-epilepsy drugs (AEDs) well controlled were defined as the well controlled group. Thirty two healthy persons were selected as control group. The expression of mRNA and protein of Cdc42, N-WASP and Arp2/3 in peripheral blood were measured by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot(WB). Experimental data were analyzed by ANOVA or rank-sum test.ResultsCompared with well-controlled group and healthy persons group, Cdc42, N-WASP, Arp2/3 in DRE group were significantly increased, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, Cdc42, N-WASP, Arp2/3 in well-controlled group were significantly increased, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05).ConclusionThe expression of Cdc42, N-WASP, Arp2/3 in peripheral blood of patients with DRE significantly increased, being closely related to the occurrence and development of DRE, and used as indicators in peripheral blood predicting the occurrence of DRE.
Objective To study the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and its downstream inflammatory factors in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and healthy controls, and to reveal the effect and significance of NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of COPD. Methods Forty patients with acute exacerbation COPD (AECOPD) who were hospitalized from November 2016 to May 2017 were recruited in the AECOPD group, and recruited in the stable COPD group when they entered the stable stage. Forty healthy individuals were recruited in the control group. General information and peripheral blood were collected from each subject. The levels of NLRP3 mRNA and caspase-1 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were measured by real-time PCR. The levels of IL-18 and IL-1β were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The levels of NLRP3 mRNA, IL-18 and IL-1β in the AECOPD patients were significantly higher than those in the stable COPD group [2.11±0.77, 12.79 (7.10, 43.13) pg/ml, 17.02 (8.36, 52.21) pg/ml vs. 1.60±0.44, 10.66 (6.32, 18.59) pg/ml, 13.34 (7.07, 16.89) pg/ml, all P<0.05] . The levels of NLRP3 mRNA, IL-18 and IL-1β in the AECOPD patients were significantly higher than those in the control group [2.11±0.77, 12.79 (7.10, 43.13) pg/ml, 17.02 (8.36, 52.21) pg/mlvs. 1.00±0.49, 6.29 (4.73, 7.93) pg/ml, 5.93 (4.81, 9.67) pg/ml, all P<0.05]. The levels of NLRP3 mRNA, IL-18 and IL-1β were significantly higher in the stable COPD group than the control group [1.60±0.44, 10.66 (6.32, 18.59) pg/ml, 13.34 (7.07, 16.89) pg/mlvs. (1.00±0.49, 6.29 (4.73, 7.93) pg/ml, 5.93 (4.81, 9.67) pg/ml, all P<0.05]. Correlation analysis showed that the plasma IL-18 level was positive correlated with leukocyte count and neutrophil percentage in the AECOPD group (r=0.372, P<0.05;r=0.386, P<0.05). The expression of NLRP3 mRNA in the AECOPD group and stable COPD group were positively correlated with the CAT score (r=0.387, P<0.05;r=0.399, P<0.05) . Conclusion NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in the inflammatory response in COPD patients.
Objective To compare the effectiveness of autologous implantation between bone marrow stem cells and peripheral blood stem cells for treatment of lower limb ischemia. Methods From December 2004 to December 2005, 42 patients with unilateral lower limb ischemia were treated with both autologous bone marrow stem cell implantation(group A, n=21)and autologous peripheral blood stem cell implantation (group B, n=21). Fortytwo patients included 32 males and 10 females. The age ranged from 34 to 80 years, with a mean of 65.6 years. Of the patients, there were 28, 8 and 6 patients suffered from diabetic lower limb ischemia, Burger’s disese and atherosclotic occlusion, respectively. Ischemic history was from 3 months to 5 years, with amean of 2.1 years. A series of subjective indexes (such as improvement of pain, cold sensation and numbness) and objective indexes such as increase of ankle brachial index (ABI), transcutaneous oxygen pressure (TcPO2), angiography, amputation rate, and improvement of foot wound healing, were used to evaluate the effect. Results After 4 weeks of implantation, the rate of pain relief was 88.2% in group A and 89.5% in group B (Pgt;0.05) ; the rate of cold sensation relief was 94.4% in group A and 94.7% in group B（Pgt;0.05）; improvement of numbness was 69.2% and 66.7% respectively in groups A and B（Pgt;0.05）. Increaseof ABI was 38.1% in group A and 33.3% in group B（Pgt;0.05）; increase of TcPO2 was 85.7% and 90.5% respectively in groups A and B（Pgt;0.05）; angiography was performed in 12 patients (group A) and 9patients (group B), and the new formed collateral vessel rate was 83.3% in group A and 77.8% in group B（Pgt;0.05）; the amputation rate was 9.1% in groups A and B（Pgt;0.05）; the rate of improvement of foot wound healing was 60.0% in group A and 66.7% in group B(P＞0.05). Forty patients were followed up 3-15 months(mean 8 months). The improvement rate of subjective symptoms was 75.0% in group A and 70.0% in group B (Pgt;0.05); increase of ABI was 60.0% in group A and 65.0% in group B; increase of TcPO2 was 80.0% and 75.0% respectively in groups A and B; the new formed collateral vessel rate was 90.0% in group A and 84.6% in group B. All ulcers healed except 1 case in group B. Conclusion Bone marrow stem cell graft and peripheral blood stem cell graft are all effective in treatingower limb ischemia.
ObjectivesTo explore the changes of some peripheral blood cells related to inflammation in patients with non-arteritis central retinal artery occlusion (NA-CRAO). MethodsA retrospective clinical study. From July 2019 to July 2021, a total of 218 patients with NA-CRAO hospitalized (NA-CRAO group) in Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital) and 218 patients with routine physical examination (control group) during the same period were included in the study. There were no significant differences in age (t=0.60), sex composition ratio (χ2=0.83) and body mass index (t=0.77) between the two groups (P＞0.05). 0.2 ml fasting peripheral blood was collected from the subject, and white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils (NEUT), lymphocytes (LYMPH), red blood cells (RBC), RBC distribution width (RDW), platelets (PLT), mean PLT volume (MPV), and large PLT ratio (PLCR) were detected. The NEUT/LYMPH ratio (NLR) and PLT/LYMPH ratio (PLR) were calculated. t test was used to compare measurement data between groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed for blood cells with P＜0.05. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) was used to calculate the area under the curve (AUC) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) of each inflammatory indicator, and the optimal cutoff value was determined according to the Jorden index (sensitivity+specificity－1). ResultsCompared with control group, WBC, NEUT, NLR, RDW, PLR were increased in NA-CRAO group, while RBC and LYMPH were decreased, with statistical significance (t=9.68, 12.43, 9.47, 3.64, 5.54, 5.18, 0.46; P＜0.001). There was no significant difference in PLT, MPV and PLCR between the two groups (t=0.32, 1.56, 0.84; P＞0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that NLR was a possible risk factor for the occurrence of NA-CRAO (odds ratio=2.51, 95%CI 0.780-0.859, P=0.031). ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC predicted by NLR was 0.819, the optimal critical value was 3.05, and the sensitivity and specificity were 59.2% and 92.7%, respectively. ConclusionsIn peripheral blood cells of NA-CRAO patients, NEUT is significantly increased and LYMPH is decreased. NLR is a possible risk factor for NA-CRAO.
ObjectiveTo separate peripheral blood mesenchymal stem cells (PBMSC) and peripheral blood endothelial progenitor cells (PBEPC) from peripheral blood, and investigate the biological characteristics of composite cell sheets of PBMSC and PBEPC.MethodsThe peripheral blood of healthy adult New Zealand white rabbits was extracted and PBMSC and PBEPC were separated by density gradient centrifugation. Morphological observation and identification of PBMSC and PBEPC were performed. The 3rd generation of PBMSC and PBEPC were used to construct a composite cell sheet at a ratio of 1∶1, and the 3rd generation of PBMSC was used to construct a single cell sheet as control. The distributions of cells in two kinds of cell sheets were observed by HE staining. In addition, the expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the supernatants of cell sheets were observed by ELISA at 1, 5, and 10 days after osteogenic induction.ResultsThe morphology of PBMSC was spindle-shaped or polygonal, and PBMSC had good abilities of osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. The morphology of PBEPC was paved stone-like, and the tube-forming test of PBEPC was positive. Two kinds of cell sheets were white translucent. The results of HE staining showed that the composite cell sheet had more cell layers and higher cell density than the single cell sheet. The expressions of ALP, OCN, and VEGF in the supernatant of the two groups of cell sheets increased with the time of induction. The expression of OCN in the group of composite cell sheet was significantly higher than that in the group of single cell sheet on the 5th and 10th day, ALP on the 10th day was significantly higher than that in the group of single cell sheet, VEGF expression on the 1st, 5th, and 10th day was significantly higher than that in the group of single cell sheet, all showing significant differences (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between the two groups at other time points (P>0.05).ConclusionPBMSC have stable differentiation ability, and they have good application prospects because of their minimally invasive access. Composite cell membranes constructed by co-culture of two kinds of cells and induction of membrane formation provides a new idea and exploration for tissue defect repair.
Objective To determine the application values of gene chip technique in cardiovascular surgical clinical and research work. Microarray for gene expression profiles was used to screen out the differentially expressed genes during cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) in peripheral blood mononuclear cell. By doing these, it was hoped that some clues in inflammatory response during CPB could be found out. Methods The patients’ oxygenated bloods were drawn immediately before onset and termination of CPB. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) were obtained from heparinised blood by Ficoll gradient centrifugation. The differentially expression was measured using BD AtlasTM cDNA Expression Arrays. The candidate genes were corroborated by semiquantitative reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results Gene chip technique was successfully used in CPB study. The gene expression profiles of cytokines of PBMC during CPB were screened out. Interleukin 6 and Wnt5a were the differentially expressed genes. But the validity using semiquantitative RT-PCR found no statistically difference(P=0.888,0.135). Conclusion Microarray technique has positive application values in the study of cytokines during CPB. cDNA microarray for gene expression profiles can primarily screen out differentially expression genes during CPB. These genes may be engaged in inflammation and other pathophysiological reactions during CPB. PBMC is not the major source of cytokines during CPB.