Objective To probe into the significance of tuftsin in patients with liver cancer. MethodsThe serum tuftsin level of 12 patients with liver cancer before and after the resection，20 cirrhostic and 20 normal controls were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). ResultsTuftsin level in preoperative group （449±106） ng/ml was much lower than that in postoperative group (588±129) ng/ml，cirrhotics group (580±187) ng/ml and control group (703±128) ng/ml (P＜0.01). The tuftsin level in postoperative group was also quite lower than that in control group (P＜0.01). Conclusion We should try our best to excise the liver cancer so that a higher tuftsin level might be obtained which can activate NK cell and T cell.
ObjectivesTo estimate the latest burden of disability adjusted life years (DALYs) for liver cancer in China and the long-term trend, and to make future prediction.MethodsBased on the visualization platform of Global Burden of Disease 2016, data on the DALYs for liver cancer in China was extracted. The very recent status in 2016 and the previous trend from 1990 to 2016 were described, using annualized rate of change (ARC). The burden from 2017 to 2050 was further predicted by combining the ARC and the Chinese population data projected by the United Nation.ResultsIn 2016, the total DALYs for liver cancer in China was estimated as 11 539 000 person years (accounting for 54.6% of the global burden), and years of life lost (YLLs) and years lived with disability (YLDs) contributed 98.9% and 1.1%, respectively. The age-standardized DALY rate was 844.1 per 100 000 (3.0 times of the global average) and the male-to-female ratio was 3.4. The DALY rate continuously increased from 1990–2016 (ARC=0.57%), particularly in recent 5 years (ARC=1.75%). Among the DALYs for all cancers, liver cancer contributed approximately 20% and constantly remained as the top 2 (ranking as the number one before year 2005). There were inverse trends in gender, with increasing in males and decreasing in females (ARC was 0.77% and –0.11%, respectively). Hepatitis B infection continually kept the leading cause of DALYs for liver cancer (accounting for nearly 57%), and the DALY rate was gradually increasing (ARC=0.43%). Although the peak age of DALY rate was stable at 65to 69 years, the peak age of the DALYs changed from 55 to 59 years in 1990 to 60 ~ 64 years in 2016. In 2050, the estimated DALYs for liver cancer in China will reach 14.37 million person years, 20.0% more than that in 2017.ConclusionsThe DALYs caused by liver cancer in China exceeds the overall burden of all other countries in the world, and accounts for 1/5 of DALYs for all cancers in local population. The burden in males has been continuously rising, and the leading cause remained unchanged as hepatitis B infection. With population aging, the DALYs for liver cancer in China will be incessant to increase, suggesting the necessity to implement continuous effort in risk factors prevention (e.g. hepatitis B infection), and efficient management in high risk population of liver cancer.
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo investigate the perioperative management in hepatectomy using hepatic energy metabolisom for enhancing safety of and improving the survival in patients with primary liver cancer (PLC).MethodsTwo thousands and one hundred fortythree patients with PLC were treated in this hospital from January 1990 to January 2004. The perioperative data, operative approach, postoperative treatment, postoperative clinical course and follow up data were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were divided into two groups: the early period group and the late period group(from January 1997 to January 2004) and comparison was taken between two groups. The preoperative redox tolerance index (RTI), intraoperative hepatopetal blood occlusion of half liver, and postoperative arterial ketone body ratio (AKBR) were investigated and evaluated.Results①The proportion of small PLC and resection rate increased, the morbidity of complications and mortality after hepatectomy decreased, also the survival rate prolonged in the late period group. ②When using RTI as an indicator for selection of hepatectomy, the morbidity of complications decreased from 21.1% to 11.0%, the mortality form 1.6% to 0.3%. ③Comparising hepatopetal blood occlusion of total liver (n=476) with half liver (n=523),the postoperative morbidity of complications and mortality were 25.8% to 11.9% and 2.3% to 0.6% respectively. ④Postoperative AKBR measurements was a reliable indicator to assess the energy status of the liver and liver failure.ConclusionRTI is of potential value in predicting preoperative hepatic functional reserve, hepatopetal blood occlusion of half liver could protect the residual liver function, and postoperative AKBR measuremeant is a simple and accurate means of determining the immediate state of metabolic dysfunctioning in liver resection. The authors propose that perioperative treatment is an important factor in decreasing operative complications and mortality rate after liver resection.
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo investigate whether tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) enhance the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9) in hepatic cancer cell line HepG2 or not. Methods Cultured HepG2 cells were treated by TNF-α with various concentration and time. The morphological changes of HepG2 cells were studied microscopically and the proliferation of HepG2 were detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT). The expression of VEGF and MMP-9 mRNA in cultured HepG2 were determined by relative quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The VEGF and MMP-9 protein level in supernatants and in cytoplasm were determined by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and by immunocytochemical staining, respectively.Results There was a little morphological changes in HepG2 with TNF-α treatment, but no change of cell proliferation in corresponding time. The expression of VEGF and MMP-9 mRNA was enhanced gradually with the TNF-α concentration increasing, the VEGF and MMP-9 protein level in supernatants and in cytoplasm was elevated gradually with the concentration increasing. There was a dependance on the concentration when the concentration of TNF-α was lower than or equal to 104 U/L. Furthermore, the effect of promotion was close to peak when the TNF-α concentration up to 104 U/L; but no timeeffect pattern observed. Conclusion TNF-αJP can enhance the expression of VEGF and MMP-9 at the level of mRNA and protein in hepatic cancer cell line.
Objective To explore the diagnosis and treatment for spontaneous rhexis hemorrhage of liver cancer. Methods Clinical data of thirty patients who suffered from spontaneous rhexis hemorrhage of liver cancer from January 1995 to March 2009 were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Results Twenty-six cases were stanched by surgical therapy, in which 14 cases underwent liver cancer resection, 10 cases underwent bleeding transfixion and hepatic artery ligation (or intubation), and 2 cases underwent omentum stuff transfixion. Four cases died one week after surgery, one died after 15 d, 9 cases died 1 to 3 months after operation, 5 cases survived after 4 to 6 months, 3 cases survived after 7 to 12 months, and in 4 cases survival time was longer than 12 months (in which one patient’s survival time was 16 months, one was 5 years and two patients were still alive with survival time of 3 and 13 years respectively). Four patiens went through the non-surgical therapy and survival time was 3 to 14 d. Conclusion The spontaneous rhexis hemorrhage of the liver cancer is not the telephase of the liver cancer. Early diagnosis and operation can stanch bleeding effectively. The surgical therapy is better than the non-surgical therapy. Resection of liver neoplasms in time can raise long-term survival time.
ObjectiveTo explore it's advantages and disadvantages through analyzed the data of associating liver partition with portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) operation in 3 cases of liver cancer patients with cirrhosis. MethodsThe data of 3 patients perfomed ALPPS operation were retrospectively analyzed, through the preoperative evaluation, intraoperative and postoperative treatment points analyzed to explore the pros and cons. ResultsOne case died of hepatic failure, and the remaining two cases were still alive. The highest score of MELD of liver failure in death case was 18.8 scores, and the other cases of MELD score were decreased after second operation. The average increased volume of liver was 225 mL, and the liver volume was significantly increased (P=0.002). ConclusionsALPPS make a portion of huge liver cancer patients combining with cirrhosis having a chance to surgery. But it is necessary to consider in patients with preoperative state, surgical risk, prognosis and economic conditions,in order to determine whether patients can benefit from ALPPS.
Liver cancer is one of the world’s most prevalent malignancies, and is also the third leading cause of cancer death in China. Hepatitis and cirrhosis background is a major feature of liver cancer patients in China, which makes specific requirements that suits the national conditions in many aspects of prevention and control like screening diagnosis, treatment options, and prognosis follow-up. The Specifications for Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Liver Cancer (2017 Edition), which is based on China’s practice, proposes liver cancer staging in line with China’s national conditions and forms a multi-disciplinary joint diagnosis and treatment model based on surgical treatment. Liver transplantation is included in liver cancer as one of the surgical treatments option. It also emphasizes the support of evidence-based medicine. The Specifications for Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Liver Cancer (2017 Edition) may have laid a solid foundation for future diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer in China.
Objective To review the advances of target gene therapy of liver cancer. MethodsWe analyze and compare the tissuespecific carrier system or cellspecific gene expressing system from current researches of liver cancer gene therapy. ResultsArtificial synthetic DNA transfer system and modified viral vectors could efficiently transfect target cells and get highlevel expression. The ciselements of alpha fetal protein or albumin gene have been often adopted in the regulation of therapeutic gene and have shown their effectiveness. Some other gene therapy strategies also promised a good future. Conclusion Searching for more specific and universal liver cancer antigens is the key to improve the target gene therapy efficiency. The individual situation is the basis to select the best transfer system or regulatory elements in the future.
Objective To investigate the expression of ATP-binding cassette superfamily G member 2 （ABCG2） in liver cancer cell lines and the relationship between ABCG2 expression and liver cancer drug resistance，and observe the difference of function between the ABCG2 positive cells and negative cells．Methods The expressions of ABCG2 in four liver cancer cell lines （PLC/PRF/5，7402，7701，and 7721） were detected by flow cytometry．IC50 of 5-fluorouracil （5-FU） and adriamycin were calculated．The expression of the ABCG2 in the 7721 cell lines was observed by immunofluorescence staining．The ABCG2 positive and negative cells were selected by the axenic flow sorting method，the difference of function between the ABCG2 positive cells and negative cells was compared．Results The positive expression rate of ABCG2 in the cell line 7721 was highest among four liver cancer cell lines（P＜0.05），and the ABCG2 positive and negative cells had clear bimodal．IC50 of 5-FU and adriamycin to the cell line 7721 were higher than those of the other three cell lines （P＜0.05） except for 5-FU to the cell line 7701．There was no difference in cell proliferation between ABCG2 positive cells and negative cells．Cell cycle analysis showed that the ABCG2 positive cells had more quiescent cells as compared with the negative cells（P＜0.05）．Conclusions ABCG2 expresses in a variety human liver cancer cell lines，ABCG2 positive cells have some stem cell features like drug resistance and more quiescent cells comparing with the negative cells．
ObjectiveTo study the feasibility of the establishment of transplantated hepatic cancer models in SD rats. MethodsThe male weaning SD rats were inoculated and transgenerated from the celiar transplantation tumor rats (W2562k) by intraperitoneal injection of abdominal fluid of tumor cells, another weaningSD rats were prepared for the models of solid tumor by subcutaneous inoculation of the abdominal fluid of tumor cells. The solid tumors were cut to pieces of 0.2 cm×0.2 cm×0.3 cm,which were implanted into the liver of the adult male SD rats, and the transplantation hepative tumor models were established. After 7 days, the volume and weight of tumor mass was measured. ResultsThe successful rate of model was 100% (82/82), the natural extinctive rate was 0 (0/82), the successful rate of inoculation was 100% (15/15). ConclusionSD rats are economical, the successful rate of model was high, the natural extinctive low, so the SD rats are ideal selection in establishing transplantation liver cancer model.