Objective To investigate the effect of sodium hyaluronate (SH) intra-articular injection on the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (OA), andto compare the contents of free radicals and inflammatory factors in joint fluids of pre-and pro-treatment as to explore the treatment mechanism of SH. Methods Ninety-two patients (111 knees) with mild(51)，moderate(35) and serious(25) knee OA were treated with intra-articular injections of SH (20 mg once a week for 5 weeks). According to Lysholm scoring, clinical signs such aspain, swelling,and the ability to walk, squat, run, go upstairs and downstairs were assessed before and after the treatment, and the contents of nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase(SOD), malonic dialdehyde(MDA) and IL-1β、TNF-α in joint fluids from the OA joints before 1st,2nd, and 5th injection and 3 months after each injection were observed. Results All cases were followed up for 3 months. The improvements in the signs and function of knees were excellent in 42 knees, good in 38 knees, fair in 21 knees and poor in 10 knees, with 72.1% excellent and good results. The lighter the illness was, the better the improvement was: the rate of the excellent and good was 92.1% in mild group, 68.6% in moderate group and 42.9% in serious group. The contents of oxygen free radicals and IL-1β、TNF-α of the patients with mild and moderate OA decreasedmarkedly after being treated with SH（Plt;0.05）, but these decreased lightlyin serious OA group（Pgt;0.05）. SH had mild effect on the contents of NO. Three months after treatment, only in mild OA group the contents of NO significantly decreased（Plt;0.05）, and no significant change in moderate and serious groups was observed（Pgt;0.05）. Conclusion SH intraarticular injection has a positive effect on the relief of clinical symptoms and on the improvement of articular function of knee OA. The therapeutical effect of SH on OA is achieved possibly by decreasing the contents of free radicals especially oxygen free radicals and inflammatory factors in joint fluids.
Objective To explore the role of macrophage-stimulating protein ( MSP) and receptor tyrosine kinase RON in the airway inflammation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease( COPD) , and investigate its possible mechanism. Methods The rat COPDmodel was established by exposing the rats to cigarette smoke daily for three months. Rat alveolar macrophages ( AMs) were isolated in vivo and cultured,and then challenged with different concentrations of MSP for 24 hours. The concentrations of MSP in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid ( BALF) and serum, and the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-8, and IL-10 in the supernatants were measured by ELISA. The expression of RONmRNA in lung tissue was assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The levels of RON protein in the lung tissue and AMs cultured in vitro were observed by immunohistochemistry. The activity of superoxide dismutase ( SOD) and malondialdehyde ( MDA) content in the culture solution were measured with chromatometry method. Results Compared with the control group, the concentrations of MSP in serum and BALF of the COPD rats were significantly higher ( P lt;0. 01) . The levels of RONmRNA and RON protein in the COPD rats were also upregulated significantly ( P lt; 0. 01) . MSP evoked the AMs isolated from the normal and COPD rats to generate more content of MDA and caused a reduction in activity of SOD. In addition, MSP stimulated TNF-α, IL-8, IL-1βand IL-10 release fromAMs of the normal and COPD rats dose-dependently. The levels of TNF-α, IL-8, and IL-1βwere higher, while the level of IL-10 and the SOD activity were lower in AMs of the COPD group than those of the control group in the same dose of MSP ( P lt;0. 01) . The more significant increase in the levels of TNF-α, IL-8, IL-1β, and the more notable decrease in the activity of SOD was found in the COPD group compared with the control group. But the degree of increasing MDA and IL-10 in the AMs of the COPD group was lower than that in the control group. Linear correlation analysis showed that the MSP concentration and the RON protein level in the COPD rats were positively associated with the total cellcounts and AM counts in BALF, and were related to the indexes for pulmonary emphysema. Conclusions There is a close correlation between the MSP and receptor tyrosine kinase RON with the airway inflammation of COPD. The mechanism might be that MSP promote the macrophages release inflammatory factors and increase the production of oxygen free radicals.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the influence of dexmedetomidine on early postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) and serum inflammatory factors in elderly patients.MethodsWe searched PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, CBM, CNKI, WanFang Data and VIP databases from inception to April 2017, to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about dexmedetomidine for early POCD in elderly patients. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Then, meta-analysis was performed by RevMan 5.3 software.ResultsA total of 23 RCTs, including 2 026 patients were enrolled. The results of meta-analysis showed that, the incidence of POCD in the dexmedetomidine group was lower than that in the control group (the first day: RR=0.40, 95%CI 0.30 to 0.53, P<0.000 01; the third day: RR=0.33, 95%CI 0.23 to 0.48,P<0.000 01; the seventh day: RR=0.42, 95%CI 0.22 to 0.78,P=0.006). Meanwhile, compared with the control group, the dexmedetomidine group significantly decreased the serum levels of TNF-α (immediately after operation: MD=–5.43, 95%CI –7.44 to –3.42, P<0.000 01; 1 h after operation: MD=–4.64, 95%CI –6.92 to –2.36,P<0.000 1; 24 h after operation: MD=–3.27, 95%CI –4.92 to –1.63,P<0.000 1) and IL-6 (immediately after operation: MD=–30.69, 95%CI –41.39 to –20.00,P<0.000 01; 1h after operation: MD=–20.84, 95%CI –28.87 to –12.80,P<0.000 01; 24 h after operation: MD=–13.42, 95%CI –19.90 to –6.94,P<0.000 1).ConclusionCurrent evidence indicates that dexmedetomidine could relief early POCD in elderly patients, in which the reduction of serum inflammatory factors alleviate inflammation response may play a vital role. Due to the limited quality and quantity of included studies, more high quality RCTs are required to verify the above conclusion.
ObjectiveTo investigate the levels of nutritional status, serum leptin, TNF-α, IL-8 and C-reactive protein(CRP) in patients with two clinical phenotypes of COPD. MethodsNutritional parameters, including body mass index, percent ideal body weight, triceps skin-fold thickness, mid-upper arm circumference, albumin, lymphocytes count, serum leptin, TNF-α, IL-8 and CRP levels were determined in 40 healthy controls and 120 patients with COPD. The COPD patients were divided into a typical emphysema type(A group) and a bronchitis type(B group), both groups included COPD patients in acute exacerbation phase and in stable phase. ResultsThe nutritional parameters in B group were higher than those in A group(P < 0.05). Serum leptin level was lower in stable A group and stable B group than that in the control group[(7.76±2.93) ng/L and (10.04±5.11) ng/L vs. (14.93±8.47) ng/L, P < 0.05], higher in A group[(12.99±5.56) ng/L)] and B group in acute exacerbation phase[(13.52±5.82) ng/L] than that in stable phase(P < 0.05), and lower in stable A group than that in stable B group (P < 0.05). Serum TNF-αlevel was higher in A group with acute exacerbation than that in B group with acute exacerbation and the control group[(234.65±95.74)μg/L and(195.03±88.00)μg/L vs. (182.07±42.35)μg/L, P < 0.05], and higher in stable A group than that in stable B group[(225.31±84.14)μg/L vs. (188.17±72.62)μg/L, P < 0.05]. Serum IL-8 level in A and B groups in acute exacerbation phase and stable phase was higher than that in the control group(P < 0.05), and was not significantly different between A group and B group in acute exacerbation or stable phase(P > 0.05). The CRP level was higher in A group and B group with acute exacerbation than that in the control group[(46.87±35.89) mg/L and(70.11±65.50) mg/L vs. (5.05±4.49) mg/L, P < 0.01], and higher in B group with acute exacerbation than that in A group with acute exacerbation (P < 0.05). ConclusionsThere are differences in nutritional status, serum leptin, TNF-αand CRP levels between the emphysema type and bronchitis type of COPD, while the IL-8 level is not different between two phenotypes. Leptin and TNF-αmay be involved in weight-loss of malnutritional COPD patients.
Abstract： Objective To explore the feasibility of using protamine-agarose gel to achieve heparin-free cardiopulmonary bypass （CPB）. Methods A total of 12 healthy adult dogs were chosen, the dogs were between 2-3 years old,either male or female, with their mean body weight of 23.3±3.7 kg （ranging from 20 to 28 kg）. All the dogs were randomly divided into two groups with 6 dogs in each group. In the heparinized group, conventional CPB technique was used; in the non-heparinized group, protamine-agarose gel column was used to absorb plasma clotting factors in CPB without use of heparin. At the beginning of CPB and 1 h, 2 h, 3 h after CPB, arterial blood samples were collected from dogs in both groups. The expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）, interleukin-6 （IL-6） and interleukin-8 （IL-8） were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）and compared. Results There was no thrombus formation in the membrane oxygenators during CPB by naked eye observation in both groups. Activated coagulation time （ACT） was always greater than 480 s during CPB. The vital signs of the dogs were all stable during CPB. At the beginning of CPB, there was no statistical difference in plasma concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 between the two groups. At 1 h, 2 h and 3 h after CPB, the expression levels of TNF-α and IL-8 of the non-heparinized group were significantly higher than those of the heparinized group （CPB 3 h TNF-α：156.48±16.65 ng/L vs. 115.87±15.63 ng/L, t=4.356, P=0.001；CPB 3 h IL-8：365.38±46.18 ng/L vs. 299.29±34.50 ng/L, t=2.808, P=0.019）. There was no statistical difference in the expression level of IL-6 between the two groups （P＞0.05）. Conclusion Using protamine-agarose gel to absorb plasma clotting factors is an effective technique to establish heparin-free CPB. But this method can induce significant systemic inflammatory response.
ObjectiveTo isolate and identify the cartilage progenitor cells (CPCs) from normal cartilage, and to explore the influence of interleukin 1β (IL-1β) in different concentrations on its chondrogenesis. MethodsCPCs were isolated from normal cartilage of adult New Zealand white rabbit with the fibronectin adhesion assay;the cell phenotype was identified;and the cloning and differentiation of CPCs were observed. CPCs were incubated with H-DMEM in group A, with chondrogenic induced medium in group B, with chondrogenic induced medium+0.1 ng/mL IL-1β in group C and chondrogenic induced medium+1.0 ng/mL IL-1β in group D for 3 weeks. The histology, biochemistry, and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR were performed to observe the effect of IL-1β on the chondrgenic differentiation. ResultsThe CPCs from normal cartilage expressed positively stem cell phenotype, which have similar ability of cloning and differentiation to stem cells. The cell pellets in groups C and D were significantly smaller than those in group B, and cell showed hypertrophic morphology change. There were more expressions of collagen type Ⅱ and collagen type X in group B than in group A, in group B than in groups C and D, and in group C than group D with Safranin O staining. The biochemistry results showed that collagen type Ⅱ content, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content, and the ratio of GAG/DNA were significantly lower in groups C and D than in group B (P<0.05), and in group D than in group C (P<0.05);but the DNA content was significantly higher in groups C and D than in group B (P<0.05), and no significant difference between groups C and D (P>0.05). The real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR results showed that the relative mRNA expressions of collagen type Ⅱ, collagen type X, and Sox-9 were significantly lower in groups C and D than in group B (P<0.05), and in group D than in group C (P<0.05), but the relative mRNA expressions of Runx-2 and matrix metalloproteinase 13 were significantly higher in groups C and D than in group B (P<0.05), and in group D than in group C (P<0.05). ConclusionThere are CPCs having the character of stem cells in normal cartilage, and they have the capability of cloning and potential differentiation. IL-1β can inhibit the chondrogenesis of CPCs, and possibly promote the osteogenic differentiation.
ObjectiveTo summarize the clinical usage of modified ultrafiltration in pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass. MethodsWe selected 40 infants with congenital heart defects as our study subjects between January 2010 and February 2012. They were randomly divided into two groups. One group used modified ultrafiltration, while the other did not, during the operation with cardiopulmonary bypass. The different perioperative changes of pulmonary pressure and the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) concentration in plasma were observed in both the two groups. ResultsNo complication relative to modified ultrafiltration was found. After the operations began, TNF and IL-8 concentration in the two groups rose fast; at the end of operations and 2 hours after operation, the pulmonary pressure and TNF and IL-8 concentration in the two groups decreased, and the decrease in the modified ultrafiltration group was faster. ConclusionThe use of modified ultrafiltration during operations with cardiopulmonary bypass can reduce residual water within the body in a short period and decrease the concentration of inflammatory factors, which is helpful for postoperative recovery of the cardiac and lung functions.
This study aims to investigate the protective effect of resveratrol against liver injury in hindlimb unloading rats. Thirty 2-month-old male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group (Control), hindlimb unloading model group (Model), and hindlimb unloading+resveratrol administration group (Model+Res). The Model + Res group was injected intraperitoneally with 30 mg/kg of resveratrol, and the Control and Model groups were injected intraperitoneally with an equal volume of 0.9% NaCl. Liver tissues were collected after 28 days and analyzed for oxidative stress, inflammatory factors, energy metabolism indices, Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activity, and morphological changes were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The protein expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2, p-PI3K, PI3K, p-AKT, and AKT were detected by Western blotting. Compared with the Control group, hepatocytes in the Model group showed swelling, abnormal morphology, nuclear consolidation, and cell membrane disruption. Oxidative stress, inflammatory factor levels, hepatic glycogen accumulation, and energy metabolism were increased in the liver tissues of the Model group, while resveratrol treatment significantly reversed these changes. The results of Western blotting showed that resveratrol significantly reduced the expression of Bax and increased the expression levels of Bcl-2, and the proteins of p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT expression levels. It is suggested that 28 days of hindlimb unloading treatment could lead to liver tissue injury in rats, which is manifested as oxidative stress, inflammatory response, energy metabolism disorder and increased apoptosis level, and resveratrol has a certain mitigating effect on this.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the data of peripheral inflammatory markers in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) to further indicate pathogenesis and antidiastole.MethodsPubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, WanFang Data and VIP databases were electronically searched to collect studies on peripheral inflammatory markers in patients with AD and VaD from inception to July 2020. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias of included studies, and meta-analysis was performed by using Stata 15.1SE software.ResultsA total of 30 studies involving 2 377 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that the IL-6 level was higher in VaD group than that in AD group (SMD=?0.477, 95%CI ?0.944 to ?0.009, P=0.046). However, there were no statistical difference in peripheral IL-1β (SMD=?0.034, 95%CI ?0.325 to 0.257, P=0.818), TNF-α (SMD=0.409, 95%CI ?0.152 to 0.970, P=0.153) or CRP (SMD=0.277, 95%CI ?0.228 to 0.782, P=0.282) levels.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that IL-6 may be sensitive markers to distinguish AD from VaD. Due to limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high-quality studies are required to verify the conclusions.
ObjectiveTo explore the effects of simvastatin on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and inflammatory factors in rats with smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods40 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups, including a normal group (group A), a simvastatin group (group B), a COPD model group (group C) and a simvastatin intervention group (group D). The COPD model of the group C and D were induced through exposing to the cigarette smoke repeatedly. At the same time, the rats of group B and D were given by gavage 5 mg/(kg·d) with simvastatin, and the other two groups were given with the same volume saline for 16 weeks. Pulmonary function tests and pathological examination of the lung tissue were performed after the induction of COPD model. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used to measure the content of MMP-2, MMP-9, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α in lung tissue homogenate. ResultsThe airway resistance of group C and group D was significantly higher than the group A and group B (P<0.01), and the airway resistance of group D was significantly lower than group C (P<0.01). The degree of bronchial inflammation and emphysema of group C was more apparent than group D in the pathological section, and there were no bronchial inflammation and emphysema in group A and group B. The ELISA results showed that the contents of MMP-2, MMP-9, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α in group C were all significantly higher than those in group D. ConclusionSimvastatin has inhibitory effect on pulmonary inflammation of COPD, and can reduce the expression of matrix metalloproteinase and inflammatory factors in the lung.