ObjectiveTo describe the status of quality of life (QOL) and self-management behavior in patients following mechanical heart valve replacement, and explore the relationship between QOL and self-management behavior. MethodsConvenient sampling was used to recruit 352 patients following mechanical heart valve replacement in a high-level hospital in Chengdu between January 2011 and June 2012. General information questionnaire, MOS SF-36 scales, and self-management behavior questionnaire were used to collect data. T-test was used to analyze the difference between patients and normal people. And correlation analysis was used to see the correlation between QOL and self-management. ResultsFor MOS SF-36 scale results in patients within one year after surgery, physical functioning (PF) score was 73.44±15.11, role-physical (RP) was 49.52±39.17, body pain (BP) was 63.13±17.93, general health (GH) was 58.85±14.88, vitality (VT) was 63.54±18.10, social functioning (SF) was 76.67±17.40, role-emotional (RE) was 64.96±41.37, and mental health (MH) was 72.76±17.40. All these scores of the patients were significantly lower than the norm of Sichuan Province (P<0.05) except the dimension of mental health. For patients one year or more after surgery, PF score was 76.53±14.41, RP 58.44±39.21, BP 68.16±18.26, GH 61.39±13.57, VT 68.47±16.37, SF 79.79±19.34, RE 72.94±37.29, and MH 75.87±14.70, among which PF, RE, BP and GH scores were lower than the norm (P<0.05). The average total score of self-management behavior was 143.21±20.63. QOL and self-management behavior were positively correlated. ConclusionThere is still a gap between patients following mechanical heart valve replacement and normal people in terms of quality of life. Patients' self-management behavior is positively correlated with the quality of life. Good self-management behavior contributes to the improvement of QOL.
Objective To explore the prevalence and related factors of behavior problems among the high-grade primary school students (in Grade 4 to Grade 6) in Chongqing urban area. Methods By means of cross-sectional survey, a total of 3 137 high-grade primary school students in Chongqing urban area were investigated with Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL, version for parents) and self-designed basic information questionnaire. Results The relevance ratio of behavior problems was 27.26%. The univariate analysis revealed that type of school, grade, residential and family environment, and parental attitude toward children had effects on children’s behavior problems with significance difference (Plt;0.05). The stepwise regression revealed that grade, educational level of father, healthy conditions of parents, family structure, academic performance and parental attitude toward children were the independent and main influencing factors (Plt;0.05). Conclusion The relevance ratio of behavior problems among high-grade primary school students in Chongqing urban area is much higher, which is related to the following factors: family situation, parental attitude toward children, social and school environment. It indicates that the status of children’s mental heath is not optimistic in Chongqing urban area. Comprehensive measures combining family, school with psychologist should be taken to reduce the prevalence of behavioral problems.
Objective To investigate the prevalence of behavior problems in twins aged 10-16 years, and to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of twins’ behavior problems. Methods Sixty-four pairs of twins aged 10-16 years in Chengdu city participated in this study. The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), completed by parents, was used to assess behavior problems. The prevalence of behavior problems in twins and the distribution characteristics for boys and girls and zygosities were estimated. Results The prevalence of behavior problems in the twins in this study was 6.25%. This was lower than the prevalence in a nationwide non-twins epidemiologic survey (P=0.0045). No significant difference was found in the prevalence of behavior problems between boys and girls and between different zygosities (P=0.891; P=0.258). Social problems were the main behavior problems noted in these twins, accounting for 38%. Conclusions The prevalence of behavior problems in twins aged 10-16 years is lower than that of non-twins. Social problems are the most common behavior problems in the twins in this study.
Childhood is the key period of psychological and behavioral development of children. The changes of children's psychological behavior during this period have an impact on the psychological and behavioral patterns of adolescents and even adults. Epilepsy is a chronic and recurrent disease, which affect the development emotional behavior problem of children with epilepsy seriously. This paper reviewed the influencing factors, measuring methods and intervention of emotional behavior problems in children with epilepsy so as to alleviate the negative emotion and behavior problems and provide quality of life in children with epilepsy.
Objective To summarize and analyze the clinical and video-EEG (VEEG) characteristics of adult sleep-related epilepsy, so as to provide evidence for clinical diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment. Methods The clinical data, routine EEG and long-term VEEG of 187 adult patients with sleep-related epilepsy treated in Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University from January 2017 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed by χ2 test. Results Clinical manifestations: The duration of sleep-related epilepsy in 187 adults was concentrated in 1～10 years (101 cases, 54.01%); the frequency of seizures was mainly from several to dozens of times a year (99 cases, 52.94%); 119 cases (63.64%) had two or more types of seizures. Among the patients, 121 cases (39.29%) had focal origin, 152 cases (49.35%) had bilateral tonic clonus and 110 cases (58.82%) were treated with two or more drugs. EEG results: ① The detection rate of epileptiform discharges in routine EEG was 22.78%, and that in long-term video EEG was 80.43%. There was significant difference between the two methods (P< 0.01); ② Eighteen epileptiform discharges were monitored by routine EEG during interparoxysmal period and 111 epileptiform discharges were monitored by video EEG; and ③ Fifty-six epileptic events were monitored and all occurred in the process of long-term VEEG monitoring, 50 of them occurred in sleep (89.29%) and 6 in awake (10.71%); 45 cases (80.36%) were diagnosed as epileptic seizures, 9 cases (16.07%) were diagnosed as non-epileptic seizures, and 2 cases (3.57%) could not be determined. ④ The detection rate of epileptic discharges during sleep was higher than that during awake period in long-term VEEG monitoring (P< 0.01). The detection rate of epileptiform discharges in NREM stage I–II was the highest in sleep stage. Conclusion Sleep-related epilepsy in adults has certain clinical features and EEG manifestations. Compared with conventional EEG, long-term video-EEG can improve the detection rate of epileptiform discharges, provide diagnostic basis for the qualitative analysis of sleep-related seizures, and reflect the relationship between epileptiform discharges and sleep, and provide basis for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of sleep-related epilepsy in adults.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the relationship between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and emotion and behaviors in children and adolescents. MethodsThe PubMed, EBSCO, Web of Science, CBM, VIP, WanFang Data, OVFT, Proquest Psychological database and CNKI databases were electronically searched to collect studies on the relationship between PAHs and emotion and behaviors in children and adolescents from inception to October 20, 2022. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. A qualitative systematic review was then performed. ResultsA total of six cohort studies were included, five studies involving maternal exposure during pregnancy, found that maternal exposure to PAHs during pregnancy was associated with an increase in childhood anxiety/depression syndrome, attention problems, social withdrawal, social competence, social problems, orientation/regulation, withdrawal behaviors, and autism-related behaviors. Another study of exposure in school-age children found that PAHs exposure was associated with poorer attention performance in school. Results of other emotional behaviors were inconsistent, or no association was found. ConclusionCurrent evidence shows that PAHs have certain effects on emotional behaviors of children and adolescents. Due to the limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high-quality cohort studies are required to verify above conclusion.
Objective To investigate the current status of self-management knowledge, attitude and behavior and influencing factors in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Qianbei area, and to analyze the influencing factors. Methods A total of 329 COPD patients were recruited and investigated with self-compiled questionnaire for self-management knowledge, attitude and behavior of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and SPSS 17.0 software was used to analyze the data. Results The mean score of self-management knowledge, attitude and behavior in COPD patients was 132.6±17.0, in which the scores of each dimension from high to low were as follows: smoking, medication treatment, exercise and family oxygen therapy. The analysis of stepwise regression indicated that the main influencing factors of self-management of COPD patients were age, sex, address, degree of education, course of disease and smoking. Conclusions The self-management level of the disease recognition, attitude and behavior in COPD patients should be improved, in which the knowledge is key factor to promote the health behavior of patients. So the healthy workers should pay close attention to the influence factors and apply the new thinking pattern and methods to improve the self-management ability and the quality of life of patients.
Objective To investigate the effect of training courses of evidence-based medicine (EBM) on the knowledge, skill, attitude and behavior of medical postgraduates and to explore the barriers to evidence-based practice (EBP), so as to provide knowledge to improve further EBM teaching and EBP. Methods A total of 110 medical postgraduates of Sichuan University who selected EBM courses in the autumn semester of 2004 were given questionnaires that combined both open and closed questions. The KAB (knowledge, attitude and behavior) of EBM and barriers to EBP were compared before and after the training courses. Results Differences were observed in KAB of EBM and barriers to EBP after the training courses, compared to the assessments done before the courses. In “Knowledge”: there was a significant increase in the understanding of specific terms in EBM after the training courses (75% of the items showed a statistically significant improvement). This was especially marked for “absolute risk”, “systematic review”, “meta-analysis” and “publication bias” (Plt;0.01). We also found an improvement in familiarity with medical search engines (Plt;0.05). In “Attitude”: the mean scores for most items (55%) were relatively high both before and after the training courses (gt;4), and a significant improvement was observed in 2 items. These were “Strong evidence is lacking to support most of the interventions I use with my patients” and “EBP needs to take into account patient preferences” (Plt;0.01). The mean scores of 2 items were relatively low both before and after the training courses (lt;3). These were “the adoption of EBP places an reasonable demand on physical therapists” and “EBP does not take into account the limitations of my clinical setting”. Another 2 items had mean scores close to 5: “I need to increase the use of evidence in my daily practice” and “I am interested in learning or improving the skills necessary to incorporate EBP into my practice”. In terms of “Behavior”: the medical postgraduates continued not to think highly of the use of literature after the training courses. About 60% of the postgraduates did not read any literature related to their specialties at all. Although searching of MEDLINE and other electronic databases was relatively frequent (gt;6 times/month: 60.3% before training and 65.7% after training), using professional literature and research findings in the process of clinical decision-making was not equal (gt;6 times/month: 29% before training and 35.1% after training). No significant difference was observed in applying clinical practice guidelines before and after the training courses. As for “Barriers”: the postgraduates considered “poor ability to critically appraise literature” as the most important barrier both before and after the training courses. The second and third most important barriers were different compared to after the training courses. The barrier of “lack of research skills” was larger than that of “lack of information resources” before the training courses, but after that the course, the order of these was reversed. Conclusion The knowledge of medical postgraduates increased significantly after the current training courses of EBM. Some improvement was also found in attitude and behavior. The top three barriers to EBP were “Poor ability to critically appraise literature”, “Lack of information resources”, and “Lack of research skills”
ObjectiveTo identify the effects of transition to siblinghood (TTS) on the firstborn children’s emotions and behaviors, and to define the time of TTS.MethodsCBM, VIP, CNKI, WanFang Data, PubMed, Web of Science and EBSCO were electronically searched to collect studies on the emotional and behavioral characteristics of firstborn children in TTS from inception to December 31st, 2019. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk bias of included studies. Then, qualitative methods were used to analyze the studies.ResultsA total of 13 studies involving 980 children were included. 12 behavioral related studies explored self-behavior of the firstborn children during TTS, 3 studies focused on the interaction behavior between the firstborn children and their parents, the firstborn children and the second children. The systematic reviews found that TTS showed both positive and negative effects on the behavioral characteristics of firstborn children, primarily the negative effects. Firstborn children’s anxiety, confrontation and attachment showed 3 different patterns over time, respectively. Two studies showed the increase of negative emotions of firstborn children during TTS. The time range of TTS was mainly concentrated in the third trimester to 12 months after the birth of the second child.ConclusionsThe current evidence shows that TTS primarily increases the negative emotions and behaviors of firstborn children, and the behaviors of firstborn children changes over time. Due to limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high quality studies are required to verify above conclusions.
Objective To research whether systemic family therapy is a useful intervention for behavioral problems. Methods Two hundred and seventy six children who were in the fourth grade of elementary school were assessed by family dynamics questionnaires and their parents were tested by Achenbach Child Behavioral Checklist. Fifty-seven children with behavioral problems were divided into two groups: 20 children and their parents agreed to receive systemic therapy for four weeks and 37 children and their parents who refused this therapy formed the control group.All children and their parents were reassessed after four months. Data were analyzed by SPSS 11.5. Results The characteristics of family dymanmic and children’s behavior improved significantly after systemic therapy. The "depressing and hostile family" at mosphere became "harmonious and open" (P=0.000) and this was also significantly better than the control group after therapy(P=0.000). "Self-differentiation of family members" was significantly improved after therapy (P=0.000) and also was significantly better than the control group after therapy (P=0.005). "Patient is helpless victim" changed to "Patient can do something" (P=0.000) and this was significantly better than the control group after therapy (P=0.003) . Total CBCL score decreased in the treatment group after therapy (P=0.003 for father, P=0.000 for mother). Compared with the control group. Total CBCL score also showed decreases (P=0.033 for father, P=0.014 for mother). Conclusions The techniques of systemic family therapy are practical and effective methods to intervene children’s behavioral problems.