Brain injury after cardiopulmonary resuscitation is closely related to the survival rate and prognosis of neurological function of cardiac arrest (CA) patients. Recently, the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) published a practice guideline which had updated the evaluation of different treatments for reducing brain injury following cardiopulmonary resuscitation. In order to master and transmit AAN 2017 practice guideline on reducing brain injury following cardiopulmonary resuscitation, this paper interprets the new AAN clinical practice guideline to assist Chinese clinicians for better studying the guideline.
In the American Heart Association’s Scientific Sessions 2021, the results of six clinical trials related to cardiovascular surgery were revealed. The PALACS trial demonstrated that posterior left pericardiotomy during open heart surgery was associated with a significant reduction in postoperative atrial fibrillation; the EPICCURE study found that injection of mRNA encoding vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A mRNA) directly into the myocardium of patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) improved patients’ heart function; the VEST trial once again proved the safety and potential value of external stent for vein graft. This article will interpret the above-mentioned three studies.
In the late-breaking trials session of the American Heart Association’s Scientific Sessions 2021, which took place in November 2021, six clinical trials in cardiac surgery published their primary results. This review will look into three of them including the management of patients with moderate or less-than-moderate tricuspid regurgitation at the time of surgery for degenerative mitral regurgitation, timing of ticagrelor cessation before coronary artery bypass grafting, and long-term outcomes of ticagrelor-based antiplatelet therapy for secondary prevention of coronary artery bypass grafting.
Objective To summarize and analyze the working experience of hospital performance evaluation and reporting system in America, so as to provide decision support to China on such work as establishing objective, scientific and effective hospital performance evaluation system, strengthening government’s supervision to health service, and promoting hospitals’ sound development.Methods American official websites and databases were searched to include relative policies, reports and documents on hospitals’ performance evaluation. Results Typical hospital performance evaluation and reporting system in America included National Healthcare Quality Report (NHQR), Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and System (CAHPS), Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS), Leapfrog Group Evaluation System and Thomson Reuters 100 Top Hospitals. Conclusion The enlightenments of American performance performance evaluation systems to China include: a) more attention should be paid to performance evaluation; b) combined evaluation models and results application methods should be considered; c) comparatively scientific evaluation methods and comprehensive evaluation contents should be established.
The Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes released by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) is one of the most important guidelines for clinicians. Based on the latest evidence of clinical studies, the Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes is annually updated by ADA. The statements of ADA on diagnosis, assessment, and management in diabetes are recommended for clinicians, patients, and researchers. The latest edition of Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes was published in a supplementary issue of Diabetes Care in January 2018. This interpretation will focus on the updated contents and their best evidence and clinical importance in this guideline.
ObjectiveTo compare the citations of Chinese literature in the 2015 and 2025 editions of the American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines, aiming to evaluate the progress in the field of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) research in China. MethodsChinese literature cited in the 2015 and 2025 ATA guidelines was collected and cataloged. A comparison was conducted between the two editions regarding the number of publications, source journals, affiliated institutions and their regional distribution, research types, and research foci of the cited literature. Results ① Changes in the quantity and regional distribution of Chinese citations: in the 2025 ATA guideline, the proportion of Chinese literature cited increased by nearly two times compared to the 2015 ATA guideline [8.8% (128/1 458) vs. 3.3% (36/1 078), P＜0.001]. The number of source journals increased by nearly three times (74 vs. 21), the number of contributing cities nearly doubled (29 vs. 13), and the number of involved healthcare institutions increased by nearly three times (65 vs. 18). In terms of regional distribution, compared to the 2015 ATA guideline, where institutions producing cited literature were mainly located in the Taiwan region (11 publications), the Hong Kong region (11 publications), and coastal and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei rigions of the Chinese mainland (12 publications), the 2025 ATA guideline showed a expansion of distribution to medical centers in regions such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Chengdu, and Changchun. Among these, West China Hospital of Sichuan University had the highest number of cited publications nationwide (20 publications). The proportion of cited literature from institutions in the Chinese mainland increased significantly compared to that from the Taiwan and Hong Kong regions [69.2% (45/65) vs. 16.9% (11/65) and 13.8% (9/65)]. ② Changes in research types of cited literature: clinical research constituted the majority [100% (36/36) and 97.7% (125/128), respectively] of the cited Chinese literature in both the 2015 and 2025 ATA guidelines. However, three basic research studies appeared in the 2025 ATA guideline. Cited literature in both editions was predominantly single-center studies [86.7% (26/30) and 93.8% (90/96), respectively]. ③ Changes in research foci of cited literature: the number of research foci involved in the 2025 ATA guideline (19 foci) increased by nearly doubled compared to the 2015 ATA guideline (11 foci). Among them, iodine-131 therapy was the most cited research focus in both editions. Among research foci with ≥5 citations, besides traditional areas such as tumor staging and prognosis, and surgical methods and extent which remained top-ranked, the ranking of recurrent laryngeal nerve protection rose. The ranking of some traditional research foci, such as molecular markers, imaging, preoperative diagnosis, declined. Notable newly prominent or significantly changed foci included ablation therapy (12 publications, ranked 2nd), comprehensive treatment (11 publications), lymph node metastasis (10 publications), parathyroid protection (7 publications), thyroid cancer and pregnancy risks (5 publications), and active surveillance (5 publications). ConclusionsCompared to the 2015 ATA guideline, the 2025 ATA guideline cites a higher proportion of Chinese literature, demonstrates a wider geographical distribution of publication origins (expanding from Taiwan region, Hong Kong region, and coastal developed area to major regional centers across China), and covered broader and more in-depth research foci. This suggests that the field of DTC in China has undergone robust development in recent years, with a gradual shift from traditional focuses such as cure rate and recurrence rate towards improving long-term quality of life, developing individualized, and precise comprehensive management models. China is playing an increasingly important role in establishing global DTC diagnostic and treatment standards. However, high-quality prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trials remain to be strengthened.
In October 2020, the American Heart Association issued the 2020 edition of guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and cardiovascular first aid, which comprehensively revised cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care guidelines related to adults, children, newborns, resuscitation education science and treatment system. According to the latest edition of International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation’s classes of recommendation and levels of evidence, relevant suggestions are put forward. This article interprets the main updated and revised content, including children’s basic and advanced life support and neonatal resuscitation, in order to better guide emergency personnel and improve the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and cardiovascular first aid.
Hypertension is a strong risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), heart failure, and microvascular complications. Hypertension is common among patients with diabetes. Recently, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) published a new position statement which updated the assessment and treatment for hypertensive patients with diabetes. This interpretation is intended to help Chinese clinicians to understand the new ADA position statement.
In November 2017, the American Heart Association updated the pediatric basic life support and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) quality. The new guidelines focused on the clinical value of chest compression-only CPR versus CPR using chest compressions with rescue breaths in children, rather than a comprehensive revision of the 2015 edition guidelines. The Pediatric Task Force of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation updated part content of the guidelines according to the continuous evidence review process. Guidelines recommend CPR using chest compressions with rescue breaths should be provided for infants and children with cardiac arrest. Bystanders provide chest compressions if they are unwilling or unable to deliver rescue breaths. This article mainly interprets the updated content.
Cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of death worldwide. A large body of epidemiologic evidence suggests that regular physical activity (PA) and high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness can prevent the progression of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and reduce the incidence of cardiovascular events. "Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiovascular health: a clinical practice statement of the ASPC" released in December, 2022 by the American Society for Preventive Cardiology (ASPC) and provided the most up-to-date guidance on the associations and mechanisms between PA and cardiorespiratory fitness, the development of exercise prescriptions, and exercise-associated cardiovascular risk. In this article, the main content of this guideline was interpreted, aiming to develop a more scientific exercise prescription for patients with cardiovascular disease.