Objective To summary the incidence rate and trends of cancers in China. MethodsBy compiling and analyzing the Chinese Cancer Registry Annual Report from 2008 to 2021, we summarized the regional and population distribution characteristics of overall and high-incidence rate cancers in China and analyzed influencing factors. ResultsFrom 2005 to 2018, the overall crude incidence of cancers in China showed a continuous upward trend. The incidence rate in the eastern region (incidence rate was 353.26/100 000 in 2018, the following data were crude incidence rate in 2018) was significantly higher than those in the central (269.47/100 000) and western regions (253.71/100 000), while the incidence rates in the central and western regions were closer. 2005–2018, the incidence rates of male was higher than that of female, and the population aged 80 years old or older (2 741.02/100 000) had the highest incidence rate of cancers, and the incidence rate of people aged 0–14 years old (41.38/100 000) was the lowest. From 2005–2018 (except for 2009), lung cancer (65.05/100 000), gastric cancer (27.03/100 000), liver cancer (27.42/100 000), colorectal cancer (30.51/100 000), and breast cancer (43.02/100 000) were the top 5 highest incidence rates of China’s cancers, of which lung cancer ranked the first in different regions, and the ranking of other cancers varied in different regions. The top 5 cancers in males’ incidence rates from 2005 to 2018 were lung cancer (83.45/100 000), gastric cancer (37.12/100 000), liver cancer (40.02/100 000), colorectal cancer (35.32/100 000) and esophageal cancer (26.30/100 000); the top 5 cancers in females’incidence rates had changed a lot in different years, breast cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, thyroid cancer and cervical cancer had all been in the top 5, for example, in 2018, the top 5 cancers in female were lung cancer (46.10/100 000), breast cancer (43.02/100 000), colorectal cancer (25.56/100 000), thyroid cancer (24.60/100 000) and cervical cancer (18.10/100 000).ConclusionsThe crude incidence rate of cancers in China continues to rise, with the cancer spectrum showing new characteristics that combine high-incidence rate cancers in developed countries (e.g., breast cancer, colorectal cancer) with common cancers in developing countries (e.g., gastric cancer, liver cancer). The situation of cancer prevention and control remains challenging.
目的:研究西北地區早產兒疾病構成情況,為更好的防治早產兒相關疾病提供幫助。方法: 調查研究西安市兒童醫院2005年1月至2008年12月早產兒患病情況。結果:在住院572例早產兒中,肺部病變429例(75.0%),其中肺炎376例(65.8%);眼部病變283例(49.6%),其中3期以下218例(38.1%),3期以上早產兒視網膜病變65例(11.5%);黃疸262例(45.7%),其中病理性黃疸198例(34.6%),生理性黃疸64例(112%),二者之比為3:1;血液系統病變共165例(28.8%),其中紅細胞增多癥例99例(17.3%);神經系統病變161例(28.1%),其中缺氧缺血性腦病輕度70例(12.3%),顱內出血42例(7.3%),顱內出血合并缺氧缺血性腦病24例(4.2%),腦白質軟化25例(2.7%);嚴重血液感染90例(15.8%),其中敗血癥86例(15%);先天性心臟病共22例(3.8%);糖代謝異常29例(5.0%),新生兒硬腫癥17例(3.1%),壞死性小腸結腸炎4(0.7%)。結論: 早產兒肺部病變(主要是肺炎)、眼部病變(主要是早產兒視網膜病變)、黃疸(主要是病理性黃疸)、血液系統病變(主要是紅細胞增多癥)、神經系統病變(主要是缺血缺氧性腦病)和血液感染(主要是敗血癥),是威脅西部地區早產兒健康的常見病、多發病。
目的：分析汶川地震致脊髓損傷患者的病情特點。方法：對35例地震致脊髓損傷患者進行回顧性調查。結果：地震造成的這35例脊髓損傷患者在性別、年齡無明顯差異，完全性損傷占42.86%，不完全損傷占57.14%。主要致傷原因為壓榨傷（68.57%）。骨折部位依次為腰椎（57.14%）、胸椎（28.57%）、頸椎（11.43%）。受傷時體位60%為屈曲位。31.43%的完全性損傷患者由非專業救援人員救出。結論：35例患者脊髓損傷程度普遍較重，主要是與地震當時巨大沖擊力有關，也與受災現場救援條件嚴重受限，錯過最佳治療時機有關。現場的急救、救援方式對患者的傷情和預后有重要影響，因此需要大力宣傳和普及災害后搶救傷員的基本知識。
Purpose Researching the relared risk factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) through the epidemiological investigation. Methods Basing on a population random sampling survey and screening in 6 areas and cities of Anhui,216 diabetics were screened and they were then investigated in detail by filling in forms,measuring blood pressure,ocular examination including ophthalmoscopy,and lab examination including fasting blood glucose (FBG),blood glucose 2 hours after meal,urine albumin excretion (UAE),serum triglyceride,and cholesterol. Results The resultant date revealed that the duration of diabetes,blood pressure FBG and UAE were associated significantly with DR (Plt;0.05),and serum triglyceride and cholesterol were associated not significantly with DR(Pgt;0.05). Conclusion Long duration of diabetes,hight FBG and hight blood pressure are the important risk factors of DR,and urine albumin might forebode the occurrence of DR. (中華眼底病雜志,1998,14:119-121)
早產兒視網膜病變（ROP）是兒童盲的重要致盲原因之一，隨著ROP防治指南的頒布以及ROP篩查工作的開展，我國ROP發病率和致盲率有所下降。正確認識和理解ROP分類、篩查標準和治療指南；建立完善的ROP篩查體系，提高篩查水平；加強ROP臨床和基礎研究，將有助于進一步降低我國ROP發病率和致盲率
ObjectivesTo analyze epidemiological characteristics of leprosy in Sichuan province from 2000 to 2017.MethodsCase data of all new leprosy patients in Sichuan province from 2000 to 2017 were collected. A retrospective analysis of its epidemiological characteristics was performed by using SPSS 19.0 software.ResultsA total of 3 208 cases of leprosy were detected during 2000 to 2017, of whom 2 197 (71.28%) were male, 885 (28.72%) were female. The younger cases whose ages were less than 14 were 82 (2.66%), and the cases with grade 2 disabilities were 614 (19.92%). The mean age of male was older than female (41.64±14.26 vs. 38.89±15.12 years, P<0.05). The grade 2 disability rate of male was significantly higher than that of female (20.94% vs. 17.40%, P<0.05). Self-report was the most common method of discovery. But the ratio of male who were detected through contact examination was significantly lower than that detected through dermatological clinic, self-report, clues check and report (the ratio of male to female was 1.57, 2.38, 2.88, 2.48, 2.37, respectively, P<0.05).ConclusionsThe case detection of leprosy declines annually in Sichuan province from 2000 to 2017, especially in high-endemic area and male patients. Female patients are younger than male patients when they are detected. The grade 2 disability situation of male patients is significantly more serious than that of female patients. Self-report is the most common way of discovery, while women are more passive.