Patients with autoimmune encephalitis are mainly characterized by behavioral, mental and motor abnormalities, neurological dysfunction, memory deficits and seizures. Different antibody types of autoimmune encephalitis its pathogenesis, clinical characteristics are different, in recent years found immune related epilepsy is closely related to autoimmune encephalitis, based on autoimmune encephalitis type is more, we choose more common autoimmune encephalitis, expounds its characteristics, to help clinical diagnosis.
ObjectiveTo summarize the research progress of black cohosh root extract in the treatment of menopausal symptoms for patients with breast cancer. MethodsDomestic and foreign literatures about the effect of black cohosh root extract in the treatment of menopausal symptoms for patients with breast cancer were collected to make a review. ResultsBlack cohosh root extract was a kind of herbal preparations. In the treatment of menopausal symptoms in breast cancer patients, it not only had significantly curative effect but also had less adverse reactions. ConclusionsIn the treatment of menopausal symptoms in breast cancer patients, black cohosh root extract gives people a new treatment idea. It has significant side effect and can be widely promoted and applied in clinical.
Objective To investigate the smoking status and factors influencing tobacco dependence among inpatients with respiratory diseases, and analyze the relationship of salivary and plasma nicotine metabolic ratio (NMR) with tobacco dependence and withdrawal symptoms. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on eligible patients admitted to the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, between October 2023 and October 2024. Basic information of enrolled patients was collected and smoking questionnaires were administered. The participants were categorized into current smokers or former smokers based on smoking status. The current smokers were classified into no dependence, mild dependence, moderate dependence, and severe dependence by ICD-10, Chinese guidelines, and FTND. Group differences were analyzed with ANOVA and chi-square test. Tobacco dependence risk factors were identified by univariate/multivariate logistic regression. The smokers were stratified into slow and normal metabolizers based on NMR to analyze its correlation with tobacco dependence and withdrawal symptoms. Results Among 602 enrolled patients, 20.4% initiated smoking before age 18 years, with a mean smoking history of 46.2 pack-years. Family members smoked in 49.3% and friends smoked in 89.5% of cases; primary smoking motivations were conformity, curiosity, and boredom relief. Tobacco dependents had significantly higher rates of family member smoking (P=0.005) and withdrawal symptoms (P<0.001). Logistic regression identified lower education level, absence of pulmonary infection, parental smoking, and higher daily cigarette consumption as significant risk factors for tobacco dependence. NMR was positively correlated with nicotine dependence severity (saliva: rs=0.303, P=0.013; plasma: rs=0.297, P=0.045). Normal metabolizers had a significantly higher prevalence of nicotine dependence than slow metabolizers (saliva: 56.3% vs. 33.3%, P=0.014; plasma: 58.8% vs. 25.0%, P=0.044). Withdrawal symptoms were positively correlated with NMR (rs=0.244, P=0.048), with a higher incidence in normal metabolizers (81.3% vs. 58.8%, P=0.048). Conclusions Lower education level, absence of pulmonary infection, parental smoking, and higher daily cigarette consumption are major risk factors for tobacco dependence. Normal nicotine metabolizers are more likely to exhibit higher levels of tobacco dependence and withdrawal symptoms than slow metabolizers.
Objective To investigate the effect of the penetration of mini-plate mass screws into facet joint on axial symptoms in cervical laminoplasty. Methods A retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of 52 patients who underwent unilateral open-door cervical expansive laminoplasty fixed with Centerpiece mini-plate between September 2009 and December 2011. There were 42 males and 10 females, with a mean age of 61.2 years (range, 34-83 years). Seventeen patients exhibited simple degeneration cervical canal stenosis, 25 patients had multilevel cervical disc protrusion, and 10 patients had ossification of posterior longitudinal ligaments. Disease duration ranged 1-120 months (median, 11 months). The Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score was used to assess neurological function, and JOA recovery rates were calculated. The visual analogue score (VAS) and the neck disability index (NDI) were used to evaluate the axial pain and neck daily activities. The axial symptoms and other complications were recorded. The cervical canal diameter, cervical curvature, cervical canal cross area, and open angle were measured according to the X-ray films, CT scans, and MRI scans. The postoperative CT three dimensional (3-D) reconstruction images were used to identify whether the screws penetrated into the facet joints. All the patients were divided into 3 groups according to involved facet joints: no joint penetrating group (no penetrated facet joint), oligo-joint penetrating group (one or two penetrated facet joints), and multi-joint penetrating group (three or more penetrated facet joints). Results Five patients suffered from C5 nerve palsy, and 2 patients had cerebrospinal fluid leakage. The follow-up time ranged 3-35 months (mean, 15.7 months). At the final follow-up, the JOA scores, NDI, cervical canal diameter, and cervical canal cross area were significantly improved when compared with preoperative ones (P lt; 0.05). At 1 week after operation, CT 3-D reconstruction showed that 16 patients had no penetrated facet joint, 23 patients had one or two penetrated facet joints, and 13 patients had three or more penetrated facet joints. There was no significant difference in age, gender, disease duration, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and follow-up time among 3 groups (P gt; 0.05). And at the final follow-up, there was no significant difference in JOA score, VAS score, cervical curvature, cervical canal diameter, cervical canal cross area, the JOA recovery rates, and lamiae open angle among 3 groups (P gt; 0.05). The NDI of the multi-joint penetrated group was significantly higher than that of other 2 groups (P lt; 0.05). Axial pain occurred in 1 case of no penetrating group, in 4 cases of oligo-joint penetrating group, and in 5 cases of multi-joint penetrating group, showing no significant difference among 3 groups (χ2=4.881, P=0.087). Conclusion The penetrations of lateral mass screws into articular surface of facet joint may contribute to the axial symptoms after cervical laminoplasty. The risk of axial symptom raises accompany with increased penetrated facet joints.
Objective To investigate the incidences of anxiety and depressive symptoms among patients with intrauterine adhesions (IUA) managed by day surgery model, and explore their influential factors. Methods Convenience sampling was used to select patients who underwent day surgery at West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University between January 2021 and December 2022. General information questionnaire and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were used to assess the socio-demographic data and anxiety and depressive symptoms of the participants. Logistic regression was used to analyze the influential factors of anxiety and depressive symptoms. Results A total of 1100 patients were included. The incidence of anxiety and depressive were 16.5% (181/1 100) and 16.9% (186/1 100) among patients undergoing day surgery for IUA respectively. Longer waiting days for admission [odds ratio (OR)=1.012, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.004, 1.020), P=0.004], married [OR=0.547, 95%CI (0.344, 0.869), P=0.011], more times of adhesion separation [OR=0.826, 95%CI (0.691, 0.986), P=0.034], older age [OR=0.947, 95%CI (0.909, 0.987), P=0.010] were influencing factors for anxiety symptoms in patients with IUA. Unemployment [OR=0.504, 95%CI (0.256, 0.994), P=0.048], university or undergraduate education [OR=0.326, 95%CI (0.208, 0.512), P<0.001], and high school or vocational school education [OR=0.532, 95%CI (0.319, 0.888), P=0.016] were the influencing factors for depressive symptoms in patients with IUA. Conclusions There is a high incidence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among patients with IUA under the management of day surgery mode. The influential factors include socio-demographic factors (age, education level, marital status and occupation) and disease factors (times of adhesion). Medical staff should pay attention to the early screening of mental health status of patients with IUA, and give targeted prevention and treatment measures.
ObjectiveTo compare the improvement of clinical symptoms and patency of stents in patients with left and right non-thrombotic iliac vein compression syndrome (NIVCS) after endovascular stent therapy. MethodsThe clinical data of patients with NIVCS admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2016 to January 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. The venous clinical severity score of the patients’ veins before therapy and on month 12 after therapy was analyzed. At the same time, the patencies of stents on month 1, 3, 6, and 12 after stenting were also analyzed. ResultsA total of 164 patients with NIVCS were collected, including 144 left NIVCS and 20 right NIVCS. The surgical technique success rate of endovascular stent therapy was 100% (164/164). There was no statistical difference of the venous clinical severity score between the patients with left and right NIVCS on month 12 after therapy (t=1.265, P=0.208), but the venous clinical severity score of left and right NIVCS patients on month 12 after therapy were lower than those before therapy (t=27.534, P<0.001; t=10.047, P<0.001). The accumulative one-stage stent patency rate on month 12 after therapy was 96.5% and 94.7% in the patients with left and right NIVCS, respectively (χ2=0.160, P=0.689). After the stent was fully supported and completely covered the extent of the lesion, the short-term (within 12 months) stent patency rates of the patients with different compression site of the iliac vein, as well as type, diameter, and length of stent placement had no statistical differences (P>0.05). ConclusionFrom the results of this study, whether left NIVCS or right NIVCS, endovascular stent therapy is safe and effective.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the methodological quality of evidence-based guidelines on non-pharmacology management of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, so as to provide references for taking caring for the dementia with behavioral and psychological symptoms. MethodsGuidelines concerning non-pharmacology treatment of behavioral and psychological symptoms were searched from websites of guideline development, websites of medical association and literature databases from inception to May 31st 2016. The methodological quality of included guidelines were evaluated according to the AGREE Ⅱ instrument, and the differences and similarities between recommendations of included guidelines were compared. ResultsA total of 544 literatures were identified and 6 of them were included. All the included guidelines were from abroad. The average scores of guidelines in six domains of AGREE Ⅱ were:scope and purpose 88.89%, stakeholder involvement 65.74%, rigor of development 63.72%, clarity of presentations 86.11%, applicability 50.69%, and independence 37.50%. The overall qualities of the included guidelines were grade B. The recommendations of the included guidelines were almost consistent. Recommended non-pharmacology management of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia included leisure and recreation activity, reminiscence therapy, behavioral therapy, training of caregivers, physical environment modification, animal-assisted therapy, massage, physical activity and patient-centered approach. ConclusionThe overall quality of included guidelines is relatively high. More efforts are needed to improve the applicability and independence of guidelines. There is still no local guideline concerning non-pharmacology recommendations on behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in China. It is suggested to develop guideline that is suitable for Chinese condition as soon as possible.
ObjectiveTo develop altering intake managing symptoms (AIMS) dietary intervention and evaluate its effects on nutritional status and dietary compliance for patients after gastrectomy.MethodsFrom April 2017 to July 2018, 176 patients underwent the gastrectomy in the Xijing Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University were selected, then were divided into an AIMS group and a control group by the Excel 2007 random function method. The AIMS group was intervened by the AIMS dietary intervention, the control group was given the routine diet management. The body mass, body mass index (BMI), albumin, and dietary intake at the admission, on the 2nd week and the 3rd month after the discharge were compared between the two groups. The nutritional status of the two groups was assessed by the PG-SGA scale. The diet-related symptoms and dietary compliance of the two groups were assessed by the dietary related symptoms scale and the dietary compliance scale.ResultsA total of 176 eligible patients were enrolled in this study, including 92 patients in the AIMS group and 84 patients in the control group. There were no significant differences in the baseline data such as the gender, age, educational level, occupation, disease type, surgical method, tumor TNM stage, and pathological differentiated type between the two groups (P>0.050). There were no significant differences in the body mass, BMI, and albumin between the AIMS group and the control group before and after the dietary intervention (P>0.050). The PG-SGA score, diet-related symptom score, and dietary compliance score had significant differences between on the 2nd week or the 3rd month after the discharge and at the admission in the AIMS group and the control group (P<0.050), which had significant differences on the 2nd week or the 3rd month after the discharge between the AIMS group and the control group (P<0.001). The dietary intake of the AIMS group was significantly higher than that of the control group on the 3rd month after the discharge (P<0.001). The complications incidences of total diet-related symptoms was 5.5% (5/91) and 14.6% (12/82) in the AIMS group and the control group, respectively, the difference was statistically significant (P=0.047).ConclusionUsing AIMS dietary intervention for patients after radical gastrectomy can significantly improve their overall nutritional status and improve dietary compliance.
ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between morning symptoms and other clinical characteristics in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and to look for related risk factors affecting morning symptoms.MethodsThis cross-sectional observational study included 153 patients with stable COPD. Morning symptoms were evaluated with the Chinese-version of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Morning Symptom Diary (Ch-COPD-MSD). And modified version of the British medical association respiratory questionnaire (mMRC), COPD assessment test (CAT), questionnaire clinical COPD questionnaire (CCQ) score were scored, and the BODEx index was calculated.ResultsA total of 153 stable COPD patients were included. The patients aged 59.6±7.6 years with a mean forced expiratory volume in one second of (52.0±20.7)% predicted (FEV1%pred). The median score of morning symptoms was 31.00. Morning symptoms severity was different between GOLD groups A to D: median (interquartile range) score in GOLD A was 23.50 (20.00 - 27.25), in GOLD B was 31.00 (26.00 - 38.00), in GOLD C was 30.00 (23.75 - 35.75), and in GOLD D was 36.50 (27.00 - 47.50) (P<0.001). Meanwhile, under different mMRC, CAT, CCQ scores, the difference in the median score of morning symptoms was statistically significant (all P=0.000). Score of morning symptoms was negatively correlated with the FEV1%pred (r=–0.24, P<0.001), and positively correlated with the score of mMRC, CAT, CCQ, and the BODEx index (r value was 0.50, 0.60, 0.53, 0.40, respectively, P<0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that CAT score was the important factor associated with morning symptoms severity in COPD (B=0.829, P<0.001).ConclusionsMorning symptoms are associated with multiple clinical indicators for assessing the severity of COPD, and health status is the most strongly associated with morning symptoms. Clinical evaluation of morning symptoms in patients with COPD can be helpful in comprehensive assessment of the patient’s condition.
Objective To assess the effectiveness and safety of fukangpian in the treatment of opiate withdrawl symptoms. Methods We performed an electronic search for Cochrane Library (2004 version of Cochrane Controlled Trials Register), Medline (1966-2004), EMbase (1974-2004), and handsearched some Chinese journals for additional articles (such as CBM disc, VIP, CNKI, CMCC) (1980-2004). The quality of included randomized controlled trials was evaluated and meta-analysis was performed. Results We collected 31 studies about fukangpian, of which two studies involving 403 patients met the inclusion criteria. These two studies were of poor quality. Cmpared with clonidine, fukangpian showed a greater decrease than Clonidine group in the withdrawal symptom score for day 1 to day 4 (WMD of 9 points at day 4, 95%CI 5.47 to 12.52). Cmpared with placebo, the two studies for change in the withdrawal symptom score, fukangpian showed a greater decrease at day 1 to 3, but not at day 4 (WMD of 4.10 points at day 4, 95%CI -8.36 to 16.56; 1 study). Conclusions Based on the current evidence fukangpian is an effective and safe drug for abstinence of drug addiction. More high quality randomized controlled trials are required to promote the strength of evidence.