Objective To introduce the research progress on the relationship between gut microbiota dysbiosis and osteoarthritis (OA), focus on the possible mechanism of gut microbiota dysbiosis promoting OA, and propose a new therapeutic direction. Methods The domestic and foreign research literature on the relationship between gut microbiota dysbiosis and OA was reviewed. The role of the former in the occurrence and development of OA and the new ideas for the treatment of OA were summarized. Results The gut microbiota dysbiosis promotes the development of OA mainly in three aspects. First, the gut microbiota dysbiosis destroys intestinal permeability and causes low-grade inflammation, which aggravate OA. Secondly, the gut microbiota dysbiosis promotes the development of OA through metabolic syndrome. Thirdly, the gut microbiota dysbiosis is involved in the development of OA by regulating the metabolism and transport of trace elements. Studies have shown that improving gut microbiota dysbiosis by taking probiotics and transplanting fecal microbiota can reduce systemic inflammation and regulate metabolic balance, thus treating OA. Conclusion Gut microbiota dysbiosis is closely related to the development of OA, and improving gut microbiota dysbiosis can be an important idea for OA treatment.
Objective To overview the systematic review(SR) of efficacy and safety of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in clostridium difficile infection (CDI). Methods PubMed, The Cochrane Library, EMbase, CNKI, VIP, WanFang Data databases and related website (http://scholar.google.com/) were electronically searched to collect SR and meta-analysis on FMT of CDI. The quality of collected documents and evidences were evaluated by OQAQ (Overview Quality Assessment Questionnaire) and GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation), respectively. Results Eleven SRs were included, in which 4 were completed by meta-analysis. The results of OQAQ showed that the score of one review was 2, the others SR received scores from 5 to 9. There were 9 SRs had reported the CDI clinical resolution rate (CRR), of which one SR showed CRR was 36.2%, and the others showed CRR were about 90%. Compared to upper gastrointestinal FMT, all studies showed lower gastrointestinal FMT (colonoscopy, enemas, etc.) had a higher CRR. The outcomes of selection and random fecal donor had no significant differences, and authors suggested that there should be made a standardization of donor screening table for safe fecal. Present evidence showed FMT were safety, and the majority of adverse events of FMT appeared to be mild, self-limiting and gastrointestinal in nature. The GRADE quality level of SR indicated from very low to moderate. Conclusion FMT, as a treatment for CDI, shows significant efficacy and safety, but need more high-level evidences because of its clinical translation difficulties. The study also give a reference to develop standardized clinical pathways of FMT to policy researchers.
ObjectiveTo summarise the influencing factors of gut microbiota in the perioperative period and its regulatory mechanism in postoperative pain, with the aim of providing clinical reference for postoperative pain management. MethodRelevant literatures on gut microbiota and postoperative pain in recent years were systematically reviewed and synthesised. ResultsAnaesthesia, preoperative mechanical bowel preparation, surgical stress, etc. could cause gut microbiota dysbiosis. Gut microbiota directly or indirectly modulated the excitability of primary sensory neurons through their derived metabolites and pathogen-associated molecular patterns and influenced the pain signalling process by activating immune cells to release cytokines. ConclusionsGut microbiota play an important role in the development and progression of postoperative pain. Future studies should further clarify its role in different types of postoperative pain and develop innovative therapeutic strategies based on the regulation of gut microbiota to improve the management of postoperative pain.
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease in which pancreatic β cells are destroyed, resulting in an absolute lack of insulin. Intestinal microbiota and its metabolites can promote the progression of T1DM by destroying pancreatic β cells, increasing insulin resistance, increasing intestinal permeability, interfering with immune response. Therefore, fecal microbiota transplantation is expected to become a new method for preventing and treating T1DM in the future. This article mainly explores possible pathways for the application of fecal microbiota transplantation in T1DM, including protection of pancreatic β cells, improving insulin resistance, reducing intestinal permeability, and regulating immune responses.
ObjectiveTo establisht a gut microbiota mice model for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and its evaluation.MethodsThe mice received FMT from healthy individuals, COPD Ⅰ-Ⅱ subjects, or COPD Ⅲ–Ⅳ subjects. After microbiota depletion, the FMT was performed by a single oral administration of 100 μL per mouse every other day, for a total of 14 times in 28 days. On the 29th day, the peripheral blood mononuclear cells were analyzed, the gut microbiota of mice before and after FMT was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing, and the mice model were evaluated.ResultsThe operational taxonomic units, Chao 1 and Shannon indexes of mice all decreased significantly after antibiotic treatment (P<0.001), but increased significantly after FMT from healthy individuals, COPD Ⅰ-Ⅱ subjects, or COPD Ⅲ–Ⅳ subjects (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The abundance of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria in the guts of the mice in the healthy human FMT group, COPD Ⅰ-Ⅱ FMT group and COPD Ⅲ-Ⅳ FMT group were significantly different from those of the control group who only received phosphate buffer saline instead of FMT (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The auxiliary T lymphocytes and cytotoxic T lymphocytes were higher, but B lymphocytes decreased in the peripheral blood of the mice in the COPD Ⅰ-Ⅱ FMT group and COPD Ⅲ-Ⅳ FMT group (P<0.05 or P<0.01).ConclusionFMT can successfully establish a COPD gut microbiota research model.
ObjectiveTo summarize the recent advances in the pathogenic mechanism of microorganisms and pancreatic cancer.MethodThrough the retrieval of relevant literatures, the recent progresses in the study of microorganism and pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer were reviewed.ResultsIn recent years, the potential role of intestinal microbiota in the pathogenic mechanism of pancreatic cancer had been studied. The studies found that the microbiome played an important role in the development of pancreatic cancer. Among them, the infections of Helicobacter pylori, oral pathogenic bacteria such as the Porphyromonas ginggivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Phylum fusobacteria, and the changes of composition and diversity of intestinal microflora were closely related to the pancreatic cancer. The microorganisms induced the chronic inflammation and immune response through multiple pathways. The bacterial lipopolysaccharide stimulated the mutations in the KARS gene and mediated the inflammatory response by activating the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway through Toll like receptor. The oral pathogenic microorganisms and Helicobacter pylori could also promote the cancer progression by secreting toxins that activated cancer-related signaling pathways.ConclusionsBacteria might be important carcinogens. These microorganisms promote development of cancer by causing chronic inflammation, activating cancer-related pathways, activating immune response, oxidative stress, and damaging DNA double strands.
Objective To explore the causal relationship between gut microbiota and urinary tract infections (UTI) using data from genome-wide association studies. Methods The gut microbiota data were sourced from the MiBioGen consortium, comprising genetic variables from 18 340 individuals. UTI data (ieu-b-5.65) were derived from the UK Biobank. Six methods including inverse variance weighted (IVW), Mendelian randomization (MR)-Egger, maximum likelihood, simple mode, weighted mode, and weighted median were employed for two-sample MR analysis on these datasets. Additionally, MR-PRESSO was used to detect and correct for heterogeneity and outliers in the analysis. Cochran’s Q test and leave-one-out analysis were applied to assess potential heterogeneity and multiple effects. Furthermore, reverse MR analysis was conducted to investigate causal relationships between UTI and gut microbiota. Results According to IVW method analysis results, bacterial genera Eggerthella (OR=1.08, 95%CI 1.01 to 1.16, P=0.034) and Ruminococcaceae (UCG005) (OR=1.10, 95%CI 1.01 to 1.20, P=0.022) were found to increase the risk of UTI, while Defluviitaleaceae (UCG011) (OR=0.90, 95%CI 0.82 to 0.99, P=0.022) appeared to decrease it. Reverse MR analysis did not reveal a significant effect of UTI on these three bacterial genera. Our study found no evidence of heterogeneity or pleiotropy based on the results of Cochran’s Q test, MR-Egger, and MR-PRESSO global test. Conclusion In this MR study, we demonstrate a causal association between Eggerthella, Ruminococcaceae, Defluvitalaceae and the risk of urinary tract infections.
Perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) is one of the common perioperative complications in surgical patients, which has been concerned by most researchers. With the gradual increase of the elderly population in China, the complexity of individual diseases and the risk of PND is more and more severe. In recent years, a large number of studies have confirmed the close relationship between intestinal flora and neurological diseases and various studies have also proved that gut microbiota may contribute to the occurrence and development of PND. Based on the current studies, this article summarizes the effects of gut microbiota on PND, including possible mechanisms and intervention measures, providing some ideas for researchers and treatment of PND.
The concept of “Microbe-gut-eye axis” holds that metabolites of the gut microbiota are involved in the pathogenesis of various eye diseases. The composition and diversity of gut microbiota in diabetic retinopathy (DR) patients are significantly different from those in non-DR patients. Metabolites of the gut microbiota such as lipopolysaccharide, short-chain fatty acid, bile acids and branched-chain amino acid aggravate or attenuate the progression of DR by regulating the release of inflammatory cytokines, mitochondrial function, insulin sensitivity, immune response, and autophagy of retinal cells. Therefore, gut microbiota and their metabolites play a role in the occurrence and development of DR through multiple pathways. The participation of gut microbiota may open up a new way to prevent and treat DR in the future.
ObjectiveTo investigate the causal relationship between gut microbiota and cholelithiasis using a two-sample Mendelian randomization method. MethodsThe genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data of gut microbiota from the MiBioGen study and the GWAS data of cholelithiasis from the FinnGen Biobank were utilized. Genetic variants significantly associated with the relative abundance of gut microbiota were identified as instrumental variables (IVs) based on a specified threshold. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was employed as the primary analytical approach, with results assessed based on the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The robustness and reliability of the findings were ensured through quality control measures, including sensitivity analysis, assessment of heterogeneity, and evaluation for horizontal gene pleiotropy. ResultsClostridiumsensustricto1 [OR=1.160, 95%CI (1.023, 1.314), P=0.020], Coprococcus3 [OR=1.136, 95%CI (1.014, 1.272), P=0.028] and Peptococcus [OR=1.074, 95%CI (1.023, 1.128) , P=0.004] increased the risk of cholelithiasis. Bacilli [OR=0.897, 95%CI (0.818, 0.984), P=0.022], Family Ⅹ ⅢAD3011group [OR=0.908, 95%CI (0.830, 0.992), P=0.033] and Lactobacillales [OR=0.884, 95%CI (0.802, 0.974), P=0.013] were protective factors for cholelithiasis. ConclusionThe study has identified 6 kinds of specific gut microbiota that are causally linked to the development of cholelithiasis, providing new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of cholelithiasis.