The incidence of thyroid cancer has increased significantly worldwide in recent years, and it has become one of the top ten malignant tumors. The relevant guidelines for thyroid cancer have been formulated one after another. Surgery is an important method for the treatment of thyroid cancer. Standardized surgery can effectively improve the prognosis and quality of life, while inappropriate treatment will increase the risk of recurrence and reduce the survival rate. In 2022, the first domestic guideline for thyroid cancer covering all pathological types, “CACA Guidelines for Holistic Integrative Management of Thyroid Cancer” was officially released. Compared with the previous guidelines, the recommendations of the CACA guidelines are more in line with China’s national conditions, focusing on the integration of multidisciplinary resources, and minimizing the risk of complications while ensuring the treatment effect.
The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) has updated and released the NCCN esophageal and esophagogastric junction cancers clinical practice guidelines in oncology (version 3. 2022). Compared with the version 4 of the guidelines in 2021, the 3 versions in 2022 have some updates and revisions, mainly focusing on molecular marker detection, perioperative treatment, advanced immunotherapy, radiotherapy and other aspects. This article will interpret the main content of the new edition of the guidelines, in order to enhance the understanding of the guidelines and guide the clinical practice of diagnosis and treatment.
Recently, the National Cancer Center analyzed the disease burden and epidemiological trend of breast cancer based on the global population registration data, providing important reference for the prevention and control of breast cancer and health decision-making. Based on the current situation of prevention and control of breast cancer in China, this paper briefly interpreted the key points of the disease burden and trend of breast cancer.
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, especially non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). With the popularization of low-dose CT and the improvement of people’s awareness of physical examinations, the number of detected pulmonary nodules is gradually increasing, and there is a greater demand for standardized diagnostic and treatment guidelines. On April 23, 2024, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network updated its clinical practice guidelines for NSCLC to the version 5. Compared with the version 5 in 2023, the version 5 in 2024 updates focus on diagnostic evaluation, perioperative systemic therapy, treatment of advanced NSCLC, and molecular marker testing, which will be interpreted in this article with the aim of providing the latest guidance and reference for the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer in China.
“Definition and diagnostic criteria for clinical obesity” (referred to as the “Guideline”), jointly developed by The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology Commission, was officially released on January 25, 2025. The Guideline presents a groundbreaking perspective by explicitly defining clinical obesity as a chronic disease and establishing a stratified diagnostic system. It mandates the combined use of anthropometric measurements and clinical assessments, promoting a shift in the diagnosis and treatment model from “body weight management” to comprehensive intervention focused on “body fat metabolism and organ function protection”. Through a systematic interpretation of the core content of the Guideline, including the definition of clinical obesity, key diagnostic criteria, criteria for differential diagnosis, and clinical significance, the document emphasizes the profound impact of the Guideline on the adjustment of medical insurance policies, the standardization of clinical practices, and the protection of patient rights, and aims to enhance the precision diagnosis and stratified management of obesity.
Pituitary Society released an international consensus statement on the diagnosis and management of prolactin-secreting adenoma (PRLoma) on September 5, 2023, providing recommendations based on the latest evidence-based approach for the screening, diagnosis, treatment and management of PRLoma. This consensus statement not only updated the clinical epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, complications, diagnostic criteria, and treatment progress of pituitary PRLoma, but also focused on special populations such as pregnant women, postmenopausal women, children/adolescents, transgender patients, as well as the treatment of special types such as cystic and invasive pituitary PRLoma. This article aims to help neurosurgeons, endocrinologists, and related healthcare professionals standardize the diagnosis and treatment of PRLoma by interpreting the updated section of the consensus.
Chinese Medical Association Guidelines for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Lung Cancer (2023 Edition) has been released in July 2023. Based on the 2022 edition, the 2023 edition of the guideline has been updated in the aspects of lung cancer screening, pathology, surgical standards, neoadjuvant therapy, targeted therapy and treatment of advanced lung cancer. This article will give a brief introduction to these updated parts.
On January 11, 2022, the European Society of Vascular Surgery (ESVS) completed its first update in the “European Society for Vascular Surgery 2022 Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Chronic Venous Disease of the Lower Limbs” since 2015. Based on the existing literatures and expert consensus, the guidelines added and revised the treatment strategies, postoperative monitoring, and postoperative anticoagulation of superficial venous insufficiency of the lower extremities and pelvic venous diseases. The new and modified parts will be interpreted.
In recent years, with the clinical application of minimally invasive surgical techniques and comprehensive preoperative treatment, the survival rate of locally advanced esophageal cancer has significantly improved. However, the treatment of metastatic esophagogastric cancer still relies mainly on systemic therapy, and immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy has become a first-line treatment option, prolonging the survival of patients with metastatic esophageal cancer. Oligometastatic esophageal cancer is expected to bring survival benefits through systemic therapy combined with local treatment. The 2024 European clinical practice guidelines for oligometastatic esophagogastric cancer have been officially released, which standardize the definition, diagnosis, and treatment of oligometastatic esophageal cancer for further prospective studies. The authors interpret this guideline, especially by reviewing the clinical evidence of oligometastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, to provide reference for the diagnosis and treatment of oligometastatic esophageal cancer in China.
The “Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Obesity (2024 Edition)” was formulated by the National Health Commission in cooperation with multidisciplinary experts nationwide, and was formally released on October 17, 2024. As China’s first authoritative guideline for obesity, it comprehensively covers the etiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, classification, staging, and related diseases of obesity. The guideline emphasizes the high risk of obesity-related diseases, and for the first time puts forward a standardized diagnosis and treatment pathway, sorting out various treatment options including lifestyle interventions, pharmacotherapy, metabolic/bariatric procedures, and traditional Chinese medicine treatments. At the same time, the guideline advocates the multi-disciplinary treatment model, which integrates expertise and methodologies from various disciplines to develop personalized treatments for patients. We interpreted and discussed the diagnostic assessment and multimodal management of obesity, so as to enhance readers’ understanding of the guideline and promote the standardization of evidence-based practices in obesity care.