ObjectiveTo summarize the correlation between human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) gene expression and the efficacy of targeted therapy for patients with HER2-positive breast cancer, and to summarize the new progress in the study of HER2 gene copy number. MethodThe relevant literatures on researches of targeted therapy effectiveness for patients with HER2-positive breast cancer were retrieved and reviewed. ResultsHER2 gene copy number and HER2/centromere on chromosome 17 (CEP17) ratio were related to the prognosis of patients with HER2-positive breast cancer, and circulating tumor DNA sequencing was expected to be a predictive indicator of targeted therapy effectiveness. ConclusionHigher copy number of HER2 gene might be associated with a better prognosis of HER2-positive breast cancer, and HER2/CEP17 ratio and circulating tumour DNA are of some significances in evaluating treatment response of trastuzumab for patients with HER2-positive breast cancer.
Objective Investigate the effect and treatment prospects of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor（uPAR）in human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 （HER-2） positive breast cancer. Method Aricals related effect of uPAR in HER-2 positive breast caner were retrieved through Pubmed， and the role of uPAR was reviewed. Results uPAR played a very important role in the HER-2 positive breast cancer， anti-uPAR monomer or uPAR binding inhibitors could inhibit the growth， invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cells. Conclusion uPAR is one of the effective target for breast cancer， and it provides a new breakthrough in the treatment of HER-2 positive breast cancer.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of heparin binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) on liver regeneration after partial orthotopic liver transplantation. MethodsFourty SD rats were used to establish the model of partial orthotopic liver transplantation with ameliorated two-cuff technique. Then all the rats were divided into 2 groups: experiment group and control group. Twenty rats of experiment group were administered 500 μg/kg HBEGF via vena caudalis immediately after operation twice a day, while the same volume of saline was administered to the rats in control group. Five rats in each group were selected randomly and killed at the 6th hour, day 2, 4 and 7 after operation, respectively. The serum levels of albumin (Alb) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the blood sample were detected. Every liver was removed and weighed. The expression of Ki67 was detected by using immunohistochemistry assay. The regeneration activity of hepatocytes was evaluated by flow cytometry. ResultsThe wet weights of liver in experiment group were all significantly higher than that in control group at the 6th hour, day 2 and 4 after transplantation (P＜0.05). The serum levels of ALT were significantly lower in experiment group than those in control group at the 6th hour, day 2， 4, 7 after operation (P＜0.05), while the levels of Alb were significantly higher on day 4 and 7. The proliferating index and Ki-67 labeling index of graft in experiment group were higher than those in control group on day 2 and 4 after transplantation （2 d: P＜0.01; 4 d: P＜0.05）. ConclusionHBEGF could promote the regeneration of rat hepatocytes after partial liver transplantation.
ObjectiveTo investigate the quality of life (QOL) and its influencing factors of patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive breast cancer returning to social life after treatment.MethodsFunctional assessment of cancer therapy-breast scale (FACT-B Scale) was adopted to investigate the QOL of the HER2 positive breast cancer survivors, who were admitted and treated during January 2015 and October 2019 in Fujian Provincial Hospital. The demographic, social and economic data, as well as the clinical information of the responded survivors were collected. Logistic regression model was adopted to analyze factors associated with the QOL of the responded survivors.ResultsA total of 117 responded survivors were included. The median of the FACT-B scale was 106.0 (91.0, 121.3) points out of 148 points (71.6%). With the control of the demographic, social and economic status of the responded survivors, as well as the time from diagnosis and treatment to responding to the follow-up, we found that "having other chronic conditions" was the risk factor for the HER2 positive breast cancer survivors to have higher QOL in the social life after treatment (OR=4.17, 95%CI 1.33 to 15.37, P=0.01).ConclusionsThe overall QOL of the HER2 positive breast cancer survivors in the social life after treatment was low. "Having other chronic conditions" was the risk factor for the HER2 positive breast cancer survivors to have higher QOL in the social life after treatment.
Objective To investigate the relationship between the expressions of P-gp, GST-π and C-erbB-2 and clinicopathologic characteristics as well as prognosis in breast cancer. Methods The expressions of P-gp， GST-π and C-erbB-2 were detected by immunohistochemistry in 48 cases of breast cancer, and histopathologic characteristics as well as 5-year survival rate of these cases were analyzed. Results There was no significant difference in the expressions of P-gp and GST-π with age, histologic grade, number of lymph node metastasis and TNM stage of breast cancer ( P ＞ 0.05). There was significant difference in expression of C-erbB-2 with histologic grade, number of lymph node metastasis and TNM stage of breast cancer （ P ＜ 0.05）. Positive rate of P-gp expression in breast cancer with positive C-erbB-2 expression was remarkably higher than that in breast cancer with negative C-erbB-2 expression ( P ＜ 0.05) . Positive rate of GST-π and C-erbB-2 expression in survivals within 5 years was remarkably lower than that in deaths within 5 years ( P ＜ 0.01). Conclusion P-gp participates primary drug-resistance mechanism of breast cancer. The possibility of primary drug-resistance is higher in breast cancer with positive C-erbB-2 expression. The expression of C-erbB-2 helps to evaluate prognosis and the result of treatment in breast cancer.
Objective To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of HER2 protein expression in different degrees in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) negative breast cancer and the factors related to the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer with low HER2 expression. Methods The clinicopathological data of 161 patients with HER2-negative breast cancer who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from March 2019 to March 2022 were retrospectively collected. The difference of clinical and pathological characteristics of patients with different levels of HER2 protein expression were analyzed, and the factors influencing the pathological complete remission (pCR) rate of breast cancer patients with low HER2 expression after neoadjuvant chemotherapy with unconditional logistic regression model were analyzed. Results Among 161 HER2 negative breast cancer patients, 108 cases were low HER2 expression, accounting for 67.1%. Compared with those with zero expression of HER2 [immunohistochemistry (IHC) 0], the patients with low HER2 expression had higher axillary lymph node metastasis rate (P=0.048), lower histological grade (P=0.006), and higher proportion of positive hormone receptor expression (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in pCR rate among the HER2 IHC 0, IHC 1+ and IHC 2+ / in situ hybridization (ISH)– (P=0.099) , and the pCR rate of low expression of HER2 was lower than that of zero expression of HER2 in the general population and Luminal subgroup, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in triple negative breast cancer subgroup (P=0.814). The logistic regression analysis showed that age, histological grade and estrogen receptor expression status were independent influencing factors for pCR rate after neoadjuvant chemotherapy with low HER2 expression (P<0.05). Conclusions Different degrees of HER2 protein expressions in patients with HER2-negative breast cancer have unique clinicopathological characteristics. The pCR rate of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with low HER2-expression breast cancer is lower than that in patients with zero HER2-expression breast cancer. Age, histological grade and estrogen receptor expression status are independent factors influencing the pCR rate of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with low HER2-expression breast cancer.
ObjectiveTo analyze the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer patients with different expression status of estrogen receptor (ER). MethodsThe patients with HER2-negative breast cancer met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were treated in the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2019 were retrospectively collected, and then were assigned into 3 groups according to the ER expression status: ER-negative (ER expression positive rate <1%) group, ER-low expression (ER expression positive rate 1%–10%) group, and ER expression positive rate >10% group. The differences of clinicopathologic characteristics, therapy, and prognosis among the 3 groups were compared. And the risk factors affecting recurrence and metastasis of patients with ER-low expression were analyzed by Cox proportional hazards regression model. ResultsA total of 610 patients with HER2-negative breast cancer were included in this study, including 130 patients in the ER-negative group, 48 patients in the ER-low expression group, and 432 patients in the ER expression positive rate >10% group. The Bonferroni method was used to correct the test level after pairwise comparison, it was found that the histological grade was later (P<0.001, P=0.023) and the Ki-67 expression was higher (P<0.001, P=0.023) in the ER-negative group and ER-low expression group as compared with the ER expression positive rate >10% group; The proportion of the patients receiving chemotherapy in the ER-negative group was higher than that of the ER expression positive rate >10% group (χ2=10.310, P=0.001), while which had no statistical difference between the ER-low expression group and the ER-negative group or the ER expression positive rate >10% group (Fisher exact probability method, P=1.000; χ2= 3.585, P=0.058); The proportion of patients receiving endocrine therapy in the ER-low expression group was higher than that in the ER-negative group (χ2=36.333, P<0.001) and lower than the ER expression positive rate >10% group (χ2=246.996, P<0.001). The difference in disease-free survival (DFS) curves among 3 groups was statistically significant (χ2=46.805, P<0.001); There were no statistical differences in the overall survival (OS) curve and DFS curve between the ER-negative group and the ER-low expression group (Two stage test, P=0.786; χ2=1.141, P=0.286), and which in the ER expression positive rate >10% group were significantly better than thoses in the ER-negative group (χ2=10.137, P=0.001; χ2=39.344, P<0.001) and the ER-low expression group (χ2=4.075, P=0.044; χ2=31.911, P<0.001). The results of multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that N1 and N2 [N0 as reference: RR (95%CI)=7.740 (1.939, 30.897), P=0.004; RR (95%CI)=9.513 (1.990, 45.478), P=0.005) and T3 [T1 as reference: RR (95%CI)=27.357 (2.188, 342.041), P=0.010] increased the probabilities of recurrence and metastasis HER2-negative breast cancer patients with ER-low expression. ConclusionsAccording to results of this study, patients with HER2-negative breast cancer showed certain differences in histological grade and Ki-67 expression among patients with three different ER expression status, but no statistical difference is found between ER-low expression and ER-negative breast cancer, and the prognoses of both are worse than that of ER expression positive rate >10% breast cancer patients. Lymph node metastasis and larger tumor are risk factors affecting recurrence and metastasis in ER-low expression breast cancer patients.
Objective To explore the effect of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and the combination of bFGF and EGF in the neural differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs), and the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in this process. MethodsThe identified 4th-generation hBMSCs were divided into five groups according to different induction conditions, namely control group (group A), EGF induction group (group B), bFGF induction group (group C), EGF and bFGF combined induction group (group D), and EGF, bFGF, and Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK-1) combined induction group (group E). After 7 days of continuous induction, the cell morphology was observed by inverted fluorescence phase contrast microscopy, levels of genes that were related to neural cells [Nestin, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)] and key components of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway (β-catenin and Cyclin D1) were detected by RT-PCR, and the levels of proteins that were related to neural cells (Nestin and GFAP) as well as genes that were involved in Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway [β-catenin, phosphorylation β-catenin (P-β-catenin), Cytoplasmic β-catenin, and Nuclear β-catenin] were explored by cellular immunofluorescence staining and Western blot. ResultsWhen compared to groups A and B, the typical neuro-like cell changes were observed in groups C-E, and most obviously in group D. RT-PCR showed that the relative expressions of Nestin, NSE, and MAP-2 genes in groups C-E, the relative expressions of GFAP gene in groups D and E, the relative expression of NSE gene in group B, the relative expressions of β-catenin gene in groups C and D, and the relative expressions of Cyclin D1 gene in groups B-D significantly increased when compared with group A (P<0.05). Compared with group E, the relative expressions of Nestin, NSE, MAP-2, GFAP, β-catenin, and CyclinD1 genes significantly increased in group D (P<0.05); compared with group C, the relative expression of Nestin gene in group D significantly decreased (P<0.05), while NSE, MAP-2, and GFAP genes significantly increased (P<0.05). The cellular immunofluorescence staining showed that the ratio of NSE- and GFAP-positive cells significantly increased in groups C-E than in group A, in group D than in groups C and E (P<0.05). Western blot assay showed that the relative expression of NSE protein was significantly higher in groups C and D than in group A and in group D than in groups C and E (P<0.05). In addition, the relative expression of GFAP protein was significantly higher in groups C-E than in group A and in group D than in group E (P<0.05). Besides, the relative expressions of β-catenin, Cytoplasmic β-catenin, Nuclear β-catenin, and the ratio of Nuclear β-catenin to Cytoplasmic β-catenin were significantly higher in groups C and D than in group A and in group D than in group E (P<0.05), whereas the relative expression of P-β-catenin protein was significantly lower in groups C and D than in group A and in group D than in group E (P<0.05). Conclusion Different from EGF, bFGF can induce neural differentiation of hBMSCs. In addition, EGF can enhance the hBMSCs neural differentiation of bFGF, while the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway may play a positive regulatory role in these processes.
OBJECTIVE: To explore an optimal method of recombinant human epidermal growth factor(rhEGF) application on the burn wounds of superficial II degree and profound II degree for accelerating its healing. METHODS: There were 180 burn wounds in 60 patients with the self-corresponding wound of the same degree as controls. The wounds of all patients were divided three regions(A, B, C). The wounds were treated once a day with 1% SD-Ag in region A as controls, with rhEGF(40 U/cm2) in region B, and with a combination of rhEGF(40 U/cm2) and Su Yu Ping (5 g) in region C. The wound healing time was recorded and compared. RESULTS: In regions A, B and C, the healing time of superficial II degree wound was (13.20 +/- 2.40) days, (10.20 +/- 2.20) days and (8.72 +/- 2.31) days (P lt; 0.01); that of profound II degree wound was (20.10 +/- 3.40) days, (17.20 +/- 3.12) days and (15.10 +/- 3.81) days respectively (P lt; 0.01, P lt; 0.05). The healed wound of profound II degree was elastic and tough in regions B and C, while that was not elastic and tough, and congestive in region A. CONCLUSION: The above results indicate that rhEGF can enhance burn wound healing markedly and that a combination rhEGF and Su Yu Ping has more significant effect than rhEGF alone and is recommended for clinical application.
OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) on healing of chronic ulcer wound. METHODS From January 1999 to January 2001, twenty-six patients with chronic wounds were adopted in this study. Among them, there were 17 males and 9 females, aged from 12 to 61 years. The area of the chronic wound varied from 3 cm x 3 cm to 5 cm x 8 cm and the disease course was 7 to 16 days. These patients were treated with rhEGF in the way of sprinkling locally (400 U/10 cm2). Another 26 patients with chronic wounds were adopted as the control group and were treated with 0.9% saline in the same way. The healing time of wounds and the local and systemic reactions of patients were observed. RESULTS The healing time of chronic wounds was shorter obviously to about 7 days with rhEGF than that of the control group and there was significant difference between the two groups(P lt; 0.01). CONCLUSION rhEGF can obviously promote the healing of chronic ulcer wound.