Objective To summarize the current progress in the genetic modification of vascular prostheses and to look forward to the future of genetic modification in vascular prostheses. Methods PubMed onl ine search with the key words of “vascular prostheses, gene” was undertaken to identify articles about the genetic modification of vascular prostheses. Then these articles were reviewed and summarized. Results To improve long-term patency of vascular prostheses, various genes were transfected into seeded cells. The antithrombosis activity of local vessels increased. Conclusion Progresses in tissue engineering and molecular biology make possible endothel ial ization and genetic modification of vascular prostheses. However, because most relevant researches are still basic experiments, further study is needed before cl inical appl ication.
Objective The currently pertinent articles about the molecular mechanism of recurrence and metastasis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were reviewed. Methods Literatures that related to the molecular mechanism of the recurrence and metastasis of HCC were summarized retrospectively in this review. Results Several genes, such as the growth factors and the corresponding receptors, the adhesive molecule, and the extracellular matrix and many factors, such as the oxygen supply, tumor angiogenesis and the immune system, all took important roles in the process of recurrence and metastasis of HCC, which involves many steps. Conclusion The study of the recurrence and metastasis of HCC should be emphasized further since early intervening the genes that are related to the recurrence and metastasis may help prevent the recurrence and metastasis of HCC completely, decrease the death rate and improve patients’ life quality in the long term.
Objective To investigate plasticity of marrow-derived stem cells,possible mechanisms and application. Methods The recent literature concerned plasticity of marrow-derived stem cells was extensively reviewed. Results Although stem cells plasticity has not been proven, there is more and more evidenceto show that the stem cells may have the plasticity and at least four differentmechanisms are explained.Conclusion The extensive research will be required. If the plasticity is proven, adult stem cells can be used for more therapeutic purposes. For example, the use of stem cells from bone marrow may correct geneticor degenerative disorders of a second organ from which stem cells are more difficult to isolate.
Objective To summarize the molecular biological research progress of non-coding RNAs modulating osteoarthritis (OA), and provide a reference basis for biological study and clinical treatment of OA. Methods Recent domestic and foreign related literature about the regulation of OA pathological process by non-coding RNAs was widely reviewed. Results Non-coding RNAs can be divided into three types based on the length of RNA. A lot of non-coding RNAs participating in OA pathological process are screened out by high throughput sequencing technology and microarray technology, and it is verified that these non-coding RNAs involve in the regulation of OA by RT-PCR. The mechanism of OA mediated target is clarified by knocking-down and overexpressing of the most prominent expressed non-coding RNAs in OA. There are the complicated gene expressed network topology in non-coding RNAs, and between non-coding RNAs and coding RNAs. It provides a basis for clearing the effect of gene structure and function, and finding the definite therapeutic target of OA. Conclusion There is preliminary study on molecular biological mechanism of non-coding RNAs mediating OA, but the key structure or sequence of non-coding RNAs, formation and interaction of effecting composite structure about mediating OA are unknown, and it needs further study.
Objective To study the latest research progress of the formation mechanism of cholesterol stone disease and forming factors of cholesterol stone disease and to provide new theoretical level and develop a new development direction for guiding clinical application. Methods The related literatures at home and abroad were analyzed, compared and summarized, and the current relevant research dynamic of cholesterol stone disease was sketched. Results The formation of cholesterol gallstone is closely related to the abnormal levels of serum lipids metabolism, bacterial and viral infection, and the expression of genes related to cholesterol gallstone. Conclusions The formation of cholesterol calculus disease is a kind of interaction and intricate disease process involving of environmental factors, genetic factors, and biological factors. Although there has been a lot of blood lipid, protein correlation research with cholesterol stone, there are also many studies such as using gene transplantation and gene knockout, but gene technology of cholesterol stone disease diagnosis and treatment is expected to become the new hot research topic.
ObjectiveTo analyze the early changes of gene expression levels and signaling pathways in 661W cell line under hypoxic conditions and to find potential functional target genes.MethodsThe cultured mouse 661W cells were divided into hypoxia treatment group and normoxia control group. Cells in the hypoxia treatment group were cultured in a three-gas incubator with volume fraction of 1% and 5% CO2 at 37 ℃. Cells in the normoxia control group were cultured in an incubator at 37 ℃ with volume fraction of 5% CO2. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to sequence the transcriptome of 661W cell treated with hypoxia and normoxia for 4 hours to screen for differentially expressed genes (DEG). Clustering heat map analysis, gene ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction network (PPI) analysis were performed. The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to verify the accuracy of the sequencing results.ResultsA total of 506 differentially expressed genes were screened, including 459 up-regulated genes and 47 down-regulated genes. GO functional enrichment analysis showed that the main biological processes of DEG were the cell's response to hypoxia, glycolysis, negative regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis. hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α pathway, glycolysis, Forkhead box O (FoxO) pathway, Insulin signaling pathway and Adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway were involved in the above process. PPI analysis results showed that hub genes related to hypoxia were Aldoa, Aldoc, Gpi1, Hk2, Hk1, Pfkl, Pfkp, Vhl, Fbxo10 and Fbxo27. The RT-PCR results showed that the relative expression levels of 15 DEG mRNA in the hypoxic treatment group were higher than that of the normoxic control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). The mRNA expression levels of N-myc downstream-regulated gene-1 (Ndrg1), Mt1, and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) were time-dependent on hypoxia.ConclusionsUnder hypoxia, DEG is mainly related to glucose metabolism, cell response to hypoxia, regulation of proliferation and apoptosis. HIF-1α pathway, glycolysis, FoxO pathway and AMPK pathway are involved in the early changes of 661W cells under hypoxia. Aldoa, Aldoc, Gpi1, Hk2, Hk1, Pfkl, Pfkp, Vhl, Fbxo10, Fbxo27 may play key roles in the response of 661W cells to hypoxia. Ndrg1, Mt1 and VEGFA could be potential functional target genes for the study of ischemia and hypoxia-related fundus diseases.
ObjectiveTo predict as well as bioinformatically analyze the target genes of has-miR-451. MethodsmiRBase, miRanda, TargetScan and PicTar were used to predict the target genes of hsa-miRNA-451. The functions of the target genes were demonstrated by Gene Ontology and pathway enrichment analysis. P < 0.05 was set as statistically significant. Results18 target spots of hsa-miRNA-451 were predicted by 3 databases or prediction software at least. The functions of the target genes were enriched in proliferation and development of epithelial cells and regulation of kinase activity (P < 0.05). Pathway analysis showed that transforming growth factor-beta signaling pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, epidermal growth factor signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway and mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway were significantly enriched (P < 0.05). Conclusionhsa-miRNA-451 might be involved in various signaling pathways related to proliferation and development of epithelial cells.
Objective To preliminarily understand the equipment configuration and information system function improvement of the microbiology laboratory for etiological submission before antibiotic treatment in Chinese medical institutions, and provide a scientific basis for further targeted action work on the rate of etiological submission before antibiotic treatment. Methods A network questionnaire was released in “Sentinel Hospital Information Reporting System of National Hospital Infection Management Professional Quality Control Center” between March 1 and June 21, 2022. The second-level and above hospitals were investigated. Results A total of 783 hospitals were included, of which 765 (97.7%) hospitals had been equipped with microbiology laboratory equipment to varying degrees, and the allocation rate of tertiary hospitals was higher than that of secondary hospitals (P<0.05). The top three items of common pathogenic test were aerobic (98.3%), bacterial smear (97.6%) and fungal smear (95.1%), and the last three items were streptococcus pneumoniae urine antigen (20.4%), silver hexamine staining (19.0%) and gene sequencing (8.9%). The comparison of relevant information system and function improvement among hospitals of different levels showed that tertiary hospitals were superior to secondary hospitals (P<0.05). In different regions, except for the allocation rate of nosocomial infection information monitoring system and rational drug use monitoring system (P>0.05), other relevant systems and functional improvement of hospitals in eastern, central and western regions, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The number of hospitals that could obtain the indicators of “etiological submission rate of inpatients before antibiotic treatment”“etiological submission rate related to hospital infection diagnosis”“etiological submission rate before combined use of key drugs” were 698 (89.1%), 474 (60.5%) and 337 (43.0%), respectively. Among the factors affecting the implementation of special actions, 454 hospitals (58.0%) thought that the information system was not fully functional, 341 hospitals (43.6%) thought that the etiology testing project was not fully carried out, and 148 hospitals (18.9%) thought that the microbiology laboratory testing ability was insufficient. Conclusion All kinds of hospitals at all levels in China, especially specialized and secondary hospitals, need to further improve the configuration of equipment and information system functions in the microorganism laboratory related to aetiology inspection, strengthen the support for microbial inspection, and strengthen information management, monitoring and analysis.
Objective To summarize the research progress of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs). Method The domestic and international published literatures related to IPMNs in recent years were collected and reviewed． Results Based on the site of tumor involved, IPMNs were classified into main duct, branch duct, and mixed types. According to the histologic features, IPMNs were divided into intestinal, pancreatobiliary, gastric, and oncocytic types. The pathological and clinical presentations of IPMNs were vary, and multiple imaging approaches including endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), CT, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) combined with MRI, could display morphologic and functional characteristics of IPMNs. In additon, the risk of malignancy in IPMNs could be evaluated and the functions of some genes (including KRAS, BRAF, GNAS, and so on) in the development process of IPMNs had been confirmed. Conclusion IPMNs is a kind of disease different from other tumors of the pancreas in clinicopathologic features, imaging performance, and molecular biology changes, and how to link the above three aspects needs to be further studied.
Objective To evaluate the rapid diagnosis of bacterial and (or) fungal endophthalmitis by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (MPCR). Methods MPCR was performed to detect the DNA segment of bacteria and (or) fungi from standard strains and 41 samples of intraocular fluid or vitreous from 38 patients (3 with double eyes and 35 with single), and the results were compared with the cultured bacteria and fungi. Results Five hours after detected by MPCR, bacteria and (or) fungi in 34 out of 41 samples (82.9%) from patients were detected，in cluding bacteria in 26，fungi in 6，and both bacteria and fungi in 2. The positive rate of MPCR was obviously higher than the cultured ones（χ2＝9.60, P＜0.05）. Conclusion With the advantages of rapidity, sensibility, and specificity, MPCR can make for the rapid and definitive diagnosis of bacterial and (or) fungal endophthalmitis. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2004，20：81-83)