As emerging means of cancer treatment, immunotherapy is the fourth major therapeutic strategy after surgery, chemoradiotherapy, and targeted therapy, which benefits patients a lot. It has been more than 100 years for the medical community exploring how to harness the immune system to fight cancer. Since the advent of ipilimumab in 2011, the first checkpoint inhibitor, cancer immunotherapy represented by checkpoint inhibitors has exploded. Several programmed death protein-1 and programmed cell death ligand-1 inhibitors have successively been approved to treat advanced non-small cell lung cancer in the second-line setting or even the first-line setting. But checkpoint inhibitors therapy has only achieved limited benefit at the present stage. Exploring potential predictive biomarkers and mechanisms of resistance are in need of further consideration to optimize immunotherapy.
Severe acute kidney injury usually requires renal replacement therapy. Intermittent hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, continuous renal replacement therapy, and prolonged intermittent renal replacement therapy are the four common modalities of renal replacement therapy. Whether one modality of renal replacement therapy is superior to another in clinical practice remains controversial. The impact of the choice of renal replacement therapy modality on the short-term and long-term prognosis of patients needs to be further explored in large-scale randomized controlled studies and a longer follow-up time. This article will discuss the development history of renal replacement therapy for acute kidney injury, the current status of its application, and the comparison of the four treatment modalities, in order to help clinicians have a deeper understanding of how to design individualized renal replacement therapy programs for patients with acute kidney injury under the guidance of the concept of precision medicine.
The 12th Asian Conference on Pharmacoepidemiology (ACPE) has been successfully held from October 11st to 13rd, 2019 in Kyoto, Japan. More than 600 representatives from 33 countries and regions participated in the meeting. The arrangement of this conference mainly included: education session program, contributed papers report, symposium and poster presentation, which provided good opportunity for participants to communicate. Moreover, it promoted the dissemination and utilization of advanced methods and technologies of global pharmacoepidemiology, especially in Asia region, and provided technical support in order to ensure the safety and efficacy of public. Moreover, it was the first time that the symposium on herbal and Traditional Medicines has been set up in the ACPE. This paper introduced the main details of the contents
Waldenstr?m macroglobulinemia (WM) is a rare indolent lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) plays a key role in the signaling pathway of WM, which has changed the way of treatment of WM. As a first-generation BTK inhibitor, ibrutinib is an early-stage treatment and a salvage treatment that can control toxicity characteristics. However, in order to overcome the resistance of the first-generation BTK inhibitors, reduce the adverse reactions caused by off-target effects, and improve the efficacy, the research and development of new BTK inhibitors has become a hot topic. This article discusses the clinical studies of the first generation and new BTK inhibitors for WM, aiming to provide a certain basis for the more rational application of BTK inhibitors in WM.
Objective To investigate the application status of titrated oxygen therapy in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) by means of literature retrieving. Methods Database retrieving is taken on eight major domestic medical journals about the treatment for AECOPD patients during the period of January 2013 to December 2015. Results There were 70 articles involving the treatment of AECOPD in the eight major journals during 2013 to 2015. Oxygen therapy was not mentioned in 14 articles, oxygen therapy data were incomplete in 13 papers and relatively complete in 43 papers. None of the articals provided full description of oxygen therapy. The arterial blood gas of the patients was analyzed, and showed excessive or not enough on effect of oxygen treatment. Conclusion The clinicians did not pay enough attention to oxygen treatment for AECOPD patients, so treatment guideline and clinical pathway should be construed to standardize titrated oxygen therapy.
目的 比較經尿道前列腺剜除術（TUEP）與經尿道前列腺電切術（TURP）的療效。 方法 2010年11月－2011年3月，收治前列腺增生（BPH）患者58例，分別采用TUEP（30例）、TURP（28例）治療。患者年齡55～87歲，平均73歲；病程1～12年，平均5年。術前常規行直腸指檢前列腺光滑無結節；經直腸前列腺彩色超聲多普勒檢查，測得前列腺體積為50～80 mL，平均62 mL；血清前列腺特異性抗原＜10 ng/mL。 結果 TUEP組術中出血量、術后沖洗時間均短于TURP，切除前列腺組織體積大于TURP組，差異均有統計學意義（P＜0.05）。術后拔除尿管后發生暫時性尿失禁TUEP組1例，TURP組發生2例，兩組比較差異無統計學意義；兩組均無永久性尿失禁發生。 結論 TUEP與TURP相比較，TUEP手術療效好，出血少、恢復快，且并發癥少。
目的 了解血液科護士在對患者抗腫瘤藥物治療護理過程中的防護現狀。 方法 2009年12月－2010年3月對血液科一、二病區和骨髓移植層流病房的護理人員,采用便利抽樣方式進行問卷調查。 結果 血液科化學療法防護現狀與國際水平有差距，護理人員雖有一定的防護意識，但仍較薄弱。 結論 加強護理人員化學治療藥物毒性及防護知識的教育，提高防范意識，并制定嚴格的防護措施及管理制度是確保護理人員職業安全的根本與途徑。
Objective To investigate the current status of self-management knowledge, attitude and behavior and influencing factors in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Qianbei area, and to analyze the influencing factors. Methods A total of 329 COPD patients were recruited and investigated with self-compiled questionnaire for self-management knowledge, attitude and behavior of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and SPSS 17.0 software was used to analyze the data. Results The mean score of self-management knowledge, attitude and behavior in COPD patients was 132.6±17.0, in which the scores of each dimension from high to low were as follows: smoking, medication treatment, exercise and family oxygen therapy. The analysis of stepwise regression indicated that the main influencing factors of self-management of COPD patients were age, sex, address, degree of education, course of disease and smoking. Conclusions The self-management level of the disease recognition, attitude and behavior in COPD patients should be improved, in which the knowledge is key factor to promote the health behavior of patients. So the healthy workers should pay close attention to the influence factors and apply the new thinking pattern and methods to improve the self-management ability and the quality of life of patients.
Objective To analyze the influencing factors of hemorrhagic transformation (HT) after intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Methods AIS patients hospitalized in the Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between June 2017 and June 2020 and receiving rt-PA intravenous thrombolysis were selected. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether they had HT, HT group and non-HT group. General data such as patient’s age, sex, past history, score of National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) before thrombolysis, and related biochemical examination indicators were collected, to analyze the difference between the patients with HT or not, and analyze the related factors affecting the HT of AIS patients after intravenous thrombolysis. Results A total of patients 323 were included. Among them, 46 cases (14.2%) had HT, and 277 cases (85.8%) had no-HT. Except for serum free triiodothyronine (FT3), atrial fibrillation, hypertension, cerebral infarction area, NIHSS score before thrombolysis, uric acid, blood glucose before thrombolysis, white blood cell count, albumin level, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase / alanine aminotransferase and C-reactive protein (P<0.05), there was no significant difference in other indexes between the two groups (P>0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that NIHSS score≥13 before thrombolysis, aspartate aminotransferase / alanine aminotransferase, blood glucose before thrombolysis≥12.74 mmol/L, low FT3 level, massive cerebral infarction, and atrial fibrillation were independent risk factors for HT after thrombolysis in AIS. Conclusions FT3 and aspartate aminotransferase / alanine aminotransferase levels may be good biomarkers for predicting HT after intravenous thrombolysis. For patients with reduced albumin and uric acid levels, supplementation of exogenous uric acid and albumin may help reduce the risk of HT after AIS thrombolysis.
Objective To investigate the regulatory role of PLA2G4A targeting in ferroptosis and its sensitizing effect on the ferroptosis inducer Erastin. Methods PLA2G4A expression in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) was assessed by analyzing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium databases, followed by immunohistochemical validation. PLA2G4A expression was knocked down in H1299 lung cancer cells using small interfering RNA. The correlation between PLA2G4A and ferroptosis marker genes was examined through gene correlation analysis and Western blotting. The regulatory relationship between PLA2G4A and ferrous ion (Fe2+) was analyzed using high-content fluorescence imaging. Cell proliferation after PLA2G4A inhibition and Erastin treatment was measured by CCK-8 assay. Flow cytometry and high-content fluorescence imaging were employed to evaluate the effects of PLA2G4A suppression combined with Erastin on intracellular Fe2+ and lipid peroxidation levels. Results Both mRNA (P<0.05) and protein (P<0.001) levels of PLA2G4A were significantly upregulated in LUAD tissues, and its high expression was associated with poor prognosis in LUAD patients (P<0.05). PLA2G4A expression was positively correlated with SLC7A11 expression (r=0.23, P<0.001). PLA2G4A knockdown suppressed SLC7A11 protein expression and increased cellular Fe2+ levels (P<0.01). Compared with the control group, PLA2G4A-silenced cells exhibited significantly reduced viability upon Erastin treatment (P<0.001). Furthermore, Erastin enhanced PLA2G4A targeting-induced Fe2+ accumulation and lipid peroxidation (P<0.001). Conclusion Targeting PLA2G4A induces ferroptosis in lung cancer cells by inhibiting SLC7A11 expression and enhances their sensitivity to Erastin.