Sarcopenia is a syndrome associated with reduced strength, mass and function of skeletal muscles. Aging of gastric cancer patients, lack of nutritional intake, and pathological mechanisms of gastric cancer increase the likelihood of sarcopenia. Sarcopenia is associated with the development of gastric cancer and may be a risk factor for the formation of gastric cancer. Sarcopenia is closely related to the prognosis and treatment of gastric cancer. At present, the treatment of sarcopenia is still in the exploratory stage, and more research is needed to obtain better treatment plans and improve the quality of life of patients. This article reviews the research status of sarcopenia and gastric cancer in order to provide evidence for clinical research.
Objective To scoping review the risk prediction models for sarcopenia in China was conducted, and provide reference for scientific prevention and treatment of the disease and related research. Methods We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, China Knowledge Network, China Biomedical Literature Database, Wanfang Database, and Weipu Database for literature related to myasthenia gravis prediction models in China, with a time frame from the construction of the database to April 30, 2024 for the search. The risk of bias and applicability of the included literature were assessed, and information on the construction of myasthenia gravis risk prediction models, model predictors, model presentation form and performance were extracted. Results A total of 25 literatures were included, the prevalence of sarcopenia ranged from 12.16% to 54.17%, and the study population mainly included the elderly, the model construction methods were categorized into two types: logistic regression model and machine learning, and age, body mass index, and nutritional status were the three predictors that appeared most frequently. Conclusion Clinical caregivers should pay attention to the high-risk factors for the occurrence of sarcopenia, construct models with accurate predictive performance and high clinical utility with the help of visual model presentation, and design prospective, multicenter internal and external validation methods to continuously improve and optimize the models to achieve the best predictive effect.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the prevalence of cognitive impairment in patients with sarcopenia. MethodsThe PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CBM, CNKI, VIP and WanFang Data databases were electronically searched to collect studies related to the objectives from inception to December 10, 2022. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. Meta-analysis was then performed by using Stata 14.0 software. ResultsA total of 27 studies were included. The overall prevalence rate of cognitive impairment in sarcopenia was 36.1% (95%CI 29.4% to 42.8%). Subgroup analysis showed that the prevalence in Europe was higher than that in other areas. The prevalence of nursing home residents was highest. ConclusionCurrent evidence shows that the prevalence of cognitive impairment in patients with sarcopenia is high. Due to the limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.
Objective To evaluate and summarize the evidence related to non-pharmacological interventions in community-dwelling elderly with sarcopenia and to provide an evidence-based basis for guiding community health professionals to effectively manage older patients with sarcopenia. Methods We searched all evidence about non-pharmacological interventions in community-dwelling elderly with sarcopenia from BMJ Best Practice, UpToDate, Guidelines International Network, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network, Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario, Canadian Medical Association Clinical Practice Guidelines Infobase, American Society for Nutrition, Australian JBI Evidence-Based Health Care Centre Database, CINAHL, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CBM, CNKI, WanFang Data and VIP Databases. The types of literature included guidelines, expert consensus, systematic reviews, evidence summaries and meta-analyses. The retrieval time ranged from January 1, 2019 to May 31, 2024. Results A total of 14 publications were included, including 2 guidelines, 3 expert consensuses, and 9 systematic reviews. Twenty-four pieces of evidence were summarized in 3 areas, including screening, assessment, and non-pharmacological interventions for sarcopenia. Conclusion We summarize the best evidence for initial screening, systematic assessment, and comprehensive non-pharmacological interventions for elderly patients with sarcopenia in the community, and provide a guidance and reference for community medical staff to efficiently manage elderly patients with sarcopenia.
ObjectiveTo conduct a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to elucidate the potential causal relationship between sarcopenia (SA) and knee osteoarthritis (KOA). MethodsThree SA-related traits were selected as exposure factors from the summary data of the genome-wide association studies database (IEU GWAS). KOA and hospital-diagnosed osteoarthritis of the knee (osteoarthritis of the knee hospital diagnosed) were chosen as outcome factors. The inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method was employed as the primary analytical approach to evaluate the causal relationship between SA and KOA. Heterogeneity tests, sensitivity analyses, and pleiotropy analyses were conducted to validate the reliability of the results. ResultsThe MR results indicated a substantial causal relationship between genetically predicted appendicular muscle mass (OR=1.079, 95%CI 1.015 to 1.147, P=0.015 5), walking speed (OR=0.157, 95%CI 0.101 to 0.248, P<0.001). No significant causal relationship was found between grip strength and KOA (OR=1.318, 95%CI 0.933 to 1.859, P=0.116 6), and the sensitivity analysis results did not exhibit horizontal pleiotropy. ConclusionSA may have a causal relationship with KOA, and appendicular muscle mass and walking speed may be risk factors for the occurrence and development of KOA.
Sarcopenia, a skeletal muscle degenerative condition, is inextricably linked to the physiological processes of aging. Sarcopenia is characterized by a reduction in muscle mass, a decline in muscle strength, and/or deterioration of physical function. Comprehensive interventions are essential for the management of sarcopenia. This patient version of guideline has been developed by adapting the " Comprehensive intervention for sarcopenia among older adults: an evidence-based clinical practice guideline." This patient version of guideline is designed to enhance health education and promote the widespread adoption of comprehensive intervention strategies for sarcopenia.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the diagnostic performance of different screening tools for sarcopenia in the community for the elderly with sarcopenia, and to provide evidence-based support for the accurate screening of elderly patients with sarcopenia. MethodsThe PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL, VIP, CBM, and WanFang Data databases were searched by computer, and the relevant research on the diagnosis of sarcopenia in the elderly by publicly published risk screening tools was found. The retrieval time was from inception to June 2023. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and evaluated the quality of the included studies, and then data analysis was performed by using Stata 15.1 and Meta Disc 1.4 software. ResultsA total of 24 studies were included, including 10 961 patients, involving 8 risk screening tools for sarcopenia in the elderly: leg circumference, MSRA-5, MSRA-7, upper arm circumference, ring test, Ishii score, SARC-CalF and SARC-F. Meta-analysis showed that the combined sensitivities of eight screening tools were 0.84 (95% CI 0.61 to 1.15), 0.82 (95% CI 0.48 to 1.38), 0.80 (95% CI 0.47 to 1.36) and 0.72 (95%CI 0.33 to 1.55), 0.67 (95%CI 0.37 to 1.21), 0.63 (95%CI 0.33 to 1.19), 0.49 (95%CI 0.38 to 0.63), 0.24 (95%CI 0.18 to 0.30), and the combined specificities were 0.39 (95%CI 0.18 to 0.82)、0.52 (95%CI 0.29 to 0.93)、0.54 (95%CI 0.29 to 1.03)、0.62 (95%CI 0.49 to 0.79)、0.63 (95%CI 0.50 to 0.78).The results of reticular meta-analysis showed that the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) of the eight screening tools ranked from high to low according to the cumulative sensitivity: calf circumference (67.4%) > MSRA-5 (65.3%) > MSRA-7 (64.1%) > upper arm circumference (54.5%) > ring test (46.5%) > Ishii score. The values of specificity SUCRA from highest to lowest were as follows: SARC-F (72.2%) > SARC-CALF (71.3%) > Ishii score (60.2%) > ring test (57.1%) > upper arm circumference (40.1%) > lower leg circumference (36.2%) > MSRA-5. ConclusionThe simple screening tool for common sarcopenia has high sensitivity and high specificity, so medical staff can give priority to the combination of the two screening tools, namely SARC-CalF. Due to the limited quantity and quality of the included studies, more high-quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.
Objective To review the research progress on the correlation between sarcopenia and osteoarthritis (OA). Methods The basic and clinical studies at home and abroad in recent years on sarcopenia and OA were extensively reviewed. The correlation between sarcopenia and OA was analyzed and summarized from five aspects: epidemiological status, risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical treatments, and the impact on joint arthroplasty. Results Sarcopenia and OA are common diseases in the elderly with high prevalence and can increase the ill risk of each other. They share a set of risk factors, and show negative interactive and influence on pathogenesis and clinical treatments, thus participating in each other’s disease process and reducing the treatment benefits. Clinical studies show that sarcopenia can affect the rehabilitation effect and increase the risk of postoperative complications after total joint arthroplasty in many ways. ConclusionCurrent research results show that sarcopenia and OA are related and can be mutually affected in the above 5 aspects, but more studies are needed to further clarify the relationship between them, so as to provide more theoretical basis for the understanding, prevention, diagnosis, and treatments of the two diseases.
Senile sarcopenia has become a prominent problem affecting the normal life and self-care ability of the elderly. More attention to the research on senile sarcopenia is conducive to its prevention and treatment. This article states information details about the epidemiology, influencing factors and mechanism, clinical manifestations and diagnostic criteria, evaluation methods and rehabilitation therapy, so as to provide reference for research on elderly sarcopenia.
Objective To investigate the prognostic value of sarcopenia in patients with early non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after surgery and chemotherapy. Methods This study included 592 patients with early non-small cell lung cancer who received lung cancer resection from January 2014 to December 2015, and they were divided into two groups: 473 patients received surgery alone (the surgery group), 119 patients received chemotherapy after surgery (the postoperative chemotherapy group), and the two groups were divided into sarcopenia group and non-sarcopenia group. General clinical data, laboratory data, and imaging data of these patients were compared. Results The median follow-up time of 592 patients was 69.1 months [95% confidential interval (CI) 64.9 - 78.2], and 110 patients were with sarcopenia (18.6%). Multivariate analysis showed that sarcopenia was an independent adverse prognostic factor in the surgery group [hazard ratio (HR) 6.56; 95%CI 1.86 to 14.78; P=0.01]. For patients undergoing postoperative chemotherapy, skeletal muscle mass index was reduced after chemotherapy, and sarcopenia was an independent predictor of poor prognosis (HR 5.77; 95%CI 0.96 to 20.60; P<0.05). Conclusions Sarcopenia is an independent poor prognostic factor for patients with early NSCLC undergoing surgery and postoperative chemotherapy. Assessment of sarcopenia before surgery and postoperative chemotherapy is helpful to improve the prognosis of patients with early NSCLC.