ObjectiveTo comparatively observe features of choroidal osteoma by multimodal fundus imaging methods. MethodsThis is a retrospective case study. Sixteen patients (16 eyes) with choroidal osteoma were enrolled in this study. The patients included 6 males (6 eyes) and 10 females (10 eyes), with an average age of (30.5±2.4) years. All patients received examination of best-corrected visual acuity, slit lamp microscope, indirect ophthalmoscopy, fundus color photography, fundus autofluorescence (AF), fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). The tumors were classified as fresh lesion (clear boundary and rosy tumor with smooth surface) and obsolete lesions (pale and flat tumor with obvious patches). The tumor features of color fundus photography, AF, FFA and SD-OCT were comparatively observed. ResultsThere were 5 fresh lesions and 11 obsolete lesions. Color fundus photography showed the tumor color was orange-red or yellow-white with clear boundary and retinal blood vessels on the surface of the tumor. The color of fresh lesion was rosy. In general, choroidal osteoma shown weak AF, however AF of fresh tumor was slightly stronger than the obsolete tumor, and retinal detachment region showed relatively stronger AF. FFA of fresh tumor indicated uniform intense fluorescence with clear boundary at late stage, much stronger than obsolete tumor. SD-OCT showed mesh-like reflected signal in the choroidal layer, but different from the surrounding choroidal vascular structures. ConclusionsThe tumor color is orange-red or yellow-white in color funds photography, which shown weak AF. FFA showed mottled hyperfluorescence in the early stage and tissue staining at the late stage. SD-OCT showed mesh-like reflected signal in the choroidal layer.
Purpose To study choroidal vascular abnormal characteristics in choroidal vascular abnormal characteristics in choroiditis using indocyanine green angiography(ICGA). Methods Thirteen cases (16 eyes) of choroiditis were examined with fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and ICGA. Results ICGA findings in choroiditis were as follows:(1) dilatation of choroidal vessels with segmentary appearance and irregular margind;(2) hyperpermeability of choroidal vessels;(3) choroidal filling defects; (4) choroidal hypofluorescence with edema;(5) dilatation of vortex veins. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1998,14:92-84) Conclusion ICGA is useful in evaluating the lesions and circulation disturbance of choroiditis which cannot usually be demonstrable in FFA.
Objective To search for the significant gene indicators in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Methods Literatures about genetic diagnosis of pancreatic cancer were collected and reviewed. Results K-ras, p53, DPC4 and telomerase genes were considered to play important roles in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Conclusion Detection of the genes related to pancreatic cancer may be of helpful in early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.
Early diagnosis of lung cancer is of great significance for reducing mortality and improving survival. Traditional methods of early diagnosis of lung cancer have their own limitations. The exhaled breath can reflect the disease state of the body, which has great potential in the early diagnosis of lung cancer. In this paper, the diagnosis of lung cancer and the application of exhaled breath detection technology in the diagnosis of lung cancer were reviewed.
ObjectiveTo detect the level of serum melanoma-inbibiting activity (MIA) in patients with uveal melanomas, and investigate the value of MIA in diagnosing and inspecting uveal melanomas.MethodsEnzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the concentrations of MIA in peripheral serum of 27 patients with uveal melanoma, 6 with melanocyte tumor, 7 with other ocular tumors and 16 healthy individuals, respectively.ResultsThe concentration of MIA in patients with uveal melanoma was significantly higher than that in the healthy ones (16 individuals) and the patients with adenoma of non pigmented ciliary epithelium (4 patients), retinoblastoma (2 patients), and retinal angioma 91 patient). The concnetration of MIA in patients with uveal melanoma without scleral infiltration or remote metastasis was obviously lower than that in the patients with scleral infiltration or remote metastasis, but didn′t differ much from which in the patients with melanocyte tumor. In the patients with uveal melanoma without infiltration or remote metastasis, there was no significant difference of MIA level between patients with spindle cell and mixed and epithelioid cell.ConclusionThe level of serum MIA may be an effective index in diagnosing uveal melanoma, which can monitor the metastasis of uveal melanoma.(Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2005,21:153-155)
ObjectiveTo comprehensively analyze the relationship between microRNAs and intervertebral disc degeneration at home and abroad. MethodsThe literature about the relationship between microRNAs and intervertebral disc degeneration was reviewed and analyzed. ResultsMicroRNA can lead to intervertebral disc degeneration by regulating the gene expression, thus influencing the cell's apoptosis and proliferation, increasing of the production of inflammatory mediator and protease, which play important roles in intervertebral disc degeneration. ConclusionMicroRNA is a research focus in the field of intervertebral disc degeneration. Further research of the relationship between microRNAs and intervertebral disc degeneration will help to identify the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration and furnish the new ideal for the diagnosis and treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration.
ObjectiveTo assess the use of 18-Fluorine-labelled 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) in the diagnosis of uveal melanoma. MethodsTwenty-three patients with uveal melanoma confirmed by histopathologic examination or imaging examination were enrolled. There were 16 male, 7 female, and the mean age was (49.8±12.3) years. All the lesions were unilateral, with 11 cases in OD, 12 cases in OS. Diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological examination of enucleated eyeballs in 15 cases, by ophthalmoscope, fundus fluorescein angiography, ocular B-mode ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging and other imaging technology in 8 cases. 15 patients diagnosed by histopathologic examination of enucleated eyeballs were divided into three types including mixed (7 patients), spindle cell (6 patients) and epithelioid cell (2 patients) types. The mixed cell type and epithelioid cell type are considered as high-risk; spindle cell type is low-risk. All the patients were evaluated by whole body PET/CT. The location, size, shape, boundary of the lesions, and the relationship with adjacent structures were observed in CT images. 18F-FDG uptake was quantitative expression by standardized uptake value (SUV) in PET image; positive diagnosis should be made when the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) was not less than 2.5. The correlation between SUVmax and maximum diameter of tumor base, tumor height was analyzed by Spearman rank correlation test. The detection rate of high-risk and low-risk patients between 18F-FDG PET and CT methods was comparative analyzed. ResultsAll the CT images showed abnormal high density ocular lesions. The shape of the lesions included 8 patients of semi sphere-like, 7 patients of flat-like, 4 patients of mushroom-like, 3 patients of round-like and 1 patient of diffuse lesions. The tumors were located in the posterior pole (9 patients), temporal equator (5 patients), nasal equator (4 patients), superior equator (1 patient), temporal ciliary body (1 patient), inferior ciliary body (1 patient), temporal iris (1 patient), and nasal iris and ciliary body (1 patient). SUVmax≥2.5 were found in 9 patients (39.13%), the largest basal diameter and height were (17.53±3.48), (11.37±3.85) mm respectively. SUVmax < 2.5 were found in 14 patients (60.87%), the largest basal diameter and height were (10.66±3.25), (5.33±2.23) mm respectively. The former's largest basal diameter and height were greater than the latter's and the difference was statistically significant (t=4.815, 4.786; P < 0.01). SUVmax was positively correlated with the largest basal diameter and height respectively (r=0.881, 0.809; P < 0.01). 15 patients (39.13%) were diagnosed by histopathological diagnosis after enucleation, of which SUVmax≥2.5 were found in 8 patients which included 6 patients of mixed type, 1 patient of epithelioid cell type, and 1 patient of spindle cell type. The detection rate of high-risk type (77.78%, 7/9) was higher than that of low-risk type (16.67%, 1/6), the difference was statistically significant (χ2=5.402, P < 0.05). Conclusions18F-FDG PET-CT examination can show large uveal melanoma tumor from cell metabolism, and may help to evaluate the prognosis of the preoperative patients. But, for small tumor, it has little value. We don't recommend 18F-FDG PET-CT is used as a routine examination for uveal melanoma.
Objective To evaluate the variability of four parameters of multi-focal electroretinogram (mERG) a-wave amplitude, b-wave amplitude, awave latent period, b-wave latent period. Methods Sixty normal eyes of 46 volunteers were divided into 3 groups of different ages. RETIscan 3-12 system was used to carry out mERG examination. The stimulus matrix of 61 hexagonal elements spanning the central 24deg;of the visual field. These hexons were scaled with eccentricity and divide d into 5 rings. First-order kernel was selected. Results The variability of four parameters of mERG was great. The variability of b-wave latent period was the smallest, its coefficient of variatian was 4.52%～15.62%；that of a-wave latent period held the second place:10.29%~48.67%；that of b-wave amplitude was greater:25.92%~76.11%；that of a-wave amplitude was the greatest:43.82%~88.23%. The results of three groups showed that b-wave amplitude of ring 1 had the smallest variability. Conclusions The variability of latent period is smaller than that of amplitude; the variability of b-wave was smaller than that of a-wave. The longer the centrifugal distance, the lower the amplitude density of a-wave and b-wave. Physiological and anatomical factors might be important for the variability of parameters of multi-focal electroretinogram. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2001,17:277-279)
Objective To evaluate the rapid diagnosis of bacterial and (or) fungal endophthalmitis by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (MPCR). Methods MPCR was performed to detect the DNA segment of bacteria and (or) fungi from standard strains and 41 samples of intraocular fluid or vitreous from 38 patients (3 with double eyes and 35 with single), and the results were compared with the cultured bacteria and fungi. Results Five hours after detected by MPCR, bacteria and (or) fungi in 34 out of 41 samples (82.9%) from patients were detected，in cluding bacteria in 26，fungi in 6，and both bacteria and fungi in 2. The positive rate of MPCR was obviously higher than the cultured ones（χ2＝9.60, P＜0.05）. Conclusion With the advantages of rapidity, sensibility, and specificity, MPCR can make for the rapid and definitive diagnosis of bacterial and (or) fungal endophthalmitis. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2004，20：81-83)
Objective To explore the frequency, clinical features, and characteristics of results of fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) of uveitis related cystoid macular edema (CME). Methods The clinical data and FFA results of 67 patients (106 eyes) with posterior uveitis examined in our hospital from July 2002 to June 2005 were collected. The clinical features and characteristics of FFA images of CME were observed and analyzed. Results Among the106 eyes of 67 patients with uveitis,the CME was observed in 28 eyes (26.4%) of 18 patients, including 7 males and 11 females with the average age of (42.5plusmn;10.8) years. The dark area due to the choroidal fluorescence blocked by the macular edema was found at the early FFA phase, and th en followed by the punctate and sheetlike leakage of fluorescein; the capillar y was dilated at the venous phase, and the typical petaloid appearance was seen at the late phase because the fluorescein cumulated in several small vesicles in the macular area. After treated by corticosteroids and topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicine and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, the extent of CME diminished, and the visual acuity improved in varying degrees. Conclusi ons Uveitis may seriously harm the visual function, in which CME induces the damage of visual acuity. Early detection and timely treatment may prevent thepermanent visual damage. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2006, 22: 394-396)