Myocardial remodeling is a common pathological physiology change for a variety of heart diseases under stimulation such as stress or ischemia. The engine body will release a lot of cytokines to promote the change of myocardial structure and ultimately lead to heart failure. Myocardial remodeling includes myocardial cells remodeling and the extracellular matrix remodeling. In recent years, we find that the function of adipose tissue is not only about energy storage, buffering to protect, supporting and filling, but also has a powerful function of secretion. Adipose tissue can secrete various adipocytokines, such as leptin, adiponectin, visfatin, omentin, angiotensin Ⅱ, and so on. Current studies have shown that adipocytokines and myocardial remodeling are intimated. And this article will summarize the function of adipocytokines on myocardial remodeling.
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo explore the mechanisms of anabolism intensified by recombination human growth hormone (GH) on the basis of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) during postoperative in gastrointestinal carcinoma patients. MethodsNinety-four gastrointestinal carcinoma patients undergone operation were randomly divided into TPN group and TPN+GH group. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6 and CRP were detected in the first, third, seventh postoperative day. ResultsThe levels of TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6 and CRP were significantly lower in TPN+GH group than those in the TPN group at the first, third, seventh postoperative day （P＜0.01）. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6 and CRP were significantly higher at the indicated time of postoperative days than the pre-operative days in the two groups (P＜0.01）. ConclusionBy inhibiting TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6 and CRP production in gastrointestinal carcinoma patients undergone operation and blocking high catabolism induced by inflammatory cytokines, GH promotes the synthesis of anabolism.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the effect of compound Danshen dripping pills combined with Western medicine on inflammatory factors and cardiac function after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction.MethodsDatabases including CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP, CBM, PubMed, Web of Science, EMbase and The Cochrane Library were searched for randomized controlled trials of compound Danshen dripping pills combined with Western medicine in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction after PCI. The retrieval time was from the establishment of the databases to June 11th, 2020. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and evaluated the risk bias of included studies. RevMan 5.3 software was used for meta-analysis.ResultsA total of 16 studies were included, involving 2 069 patients. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the combination of compound Danshen dripping pills could increase the left ventricular ejection fraction (MD =?4.74, 95%CI 4.07 to 5.42, P<0.01), decrease the B-type natriuretic peptide (SMD=?3.81, 95%CI ?5.06 to ?2.57, P<0.01), the level of interleukin-6 (SMD=?3.20, 95%CI ?4.54 to ?1.86, P<0.01) and level of tumor necrosis factor-a (SMD=?4.96, 95%CI ?7.03 to ?2.89, P<0.01).ConclusionsCurrent evidence suggests that the combination of compound Danshen dropping pills has potential benefits in inhibiting inflammation and improving cardiac function after PCI. Due to the limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high-quality studies are required to verify the above conclusions.
Osteochondral defects is a common clinical joint disease. The complexity of cartilage-bone interface and the poor self-repair capacity of cartilage are both reasons for current relatively limited clinical treatments. The introduction of tissue engineering provides a new treatment method for osteochondral repair. This paper reviews three main elements of cartilage-bone tissue engineering: seed cell source and culture method, cytokines regulation and synergistic effect, and scaffold components and type. We mainly focused on current status quo and future progress of cartilage-bone repair scaffolds. This paper provides some reference for the further development of osteochondral tissue engineering.
Cytokine storm is a life-threatening hyperinflammatory response. Current limited evidence-based research findings suggest that cytokine adsorption technologies do not reduce mortality in patients undergoing cardiac surgery or those with septic shock, nor do they improve hemodynamics or lower interleukin-6 levels. These negative outcomes may be related to improper timing and method of use, insufficient adsorption efficacy and non-specific adsorption of antibiotics, albumin, platelets, and other substances. This article summarizes the optimal timing for initiating and terminating cytokine adsorption therapy, treatment modality selection, as well as treatment duration and frequency, aiming to provide clinical guidance.
ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of etomidate and propofol on inflammatory cytokines and cortisol for patients with lung adenocarcinoma. MethodSixty patients scheduled for lung cancer surgery under general anesthesia were studied. All patients were randomly divided into an etomidate total intravenous anesthesia group (group E, 30 patients, 16 males and 14 females at age of 58.0±5.0 years) and a propofol total intravenous anesthesia group (group P, 30 patients, 17 males and 13 females at age of 55.0±5.0 years), with 30 patients in each group. ResultsThe concentration of IL-6 in serum of patients in the two groups at time points T1, T2 and T3 was significantly higher than those at time point T0 (P < 0.01). The concentration of IL-10 and TNF-α in serum of patients at time points T1 and T2 was significantly higher than those at time point T0 (P < 0.01). And the difference of the concentration of TNF-α in serum of patients at time points T0 and T3 was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The level of Cor of patients in the group E at time point T0 was slightly higher than those at time point T1, but lower than that at time points T2 and T3. There was no statistical difference in the concentration of IL-6 and TNF-α in serum of patients between the two groups. The level of IL-10 of patients in the group E at time points T2 and T3 was lower than those in the group P (P < 0.05), but no significant difference was observed at the other time points. The concentration of Cor in the patients in the group E at time point T1 was lower than that in the group P (P < 0.01), but no significant difference was observed either at the other time points. ConclusionThe effect of etomidate used for maintenance of general anesthesia on the inflammatory factors is essentially similar to that of propofol.
Objective To review the application and research progress of in-situ tissue engineering technology in bone and cartilage repair. Methods The original articles about in-situ tissue engineering technology in bone and cartilage repair were extensively reviewed and analyzed. Results In-situ tissue engineering have been shown to be effective in repairing bone defects and cartilage defects, but biological mechanisms are inadequate. At present, most of researches are mainly focused on animal experiments, and the effect of clinical repair need to be further studied. Conclusion In-situ tissue engineering technology has wide application prospects in bone and cartilage tissue engineering. However, further study on the mechanism of related cytokines need to be conducted.
Objective To evaluate the effect of hemoperfusion for absorption of inflammatory cytokines on sepsis . Method A prospective randomized controlled study was carried out to collect 60 sepsis patients admitted to the Department of Critical Care Medicine of this hospital from June 2019 to December 2021. They were randomly divided into a study group (30 cases) and a control group (30 cases) by using the random number table method. Both groups of patients received routine treatment according to the guidelines, including fluid resuscitation, mechanical ventilation, antibiotic and vasoactive agents. For the patients with renal failure, renal replacement therapy (RRT) was used. Routine vital sign monitoring and serum procalcitonin (PCT) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) determination were recorded. The study group received two times of hemoperfusion to absorb inflammatory cytokines at 0 h and 24 h after enrollment. At 24 h and 48 h after treatment, the vital signs and related physical and chemical indexes of patients were recorded again, including norepinephrine dose, oxygenation index, PCT, IL-6 and blood lactic acid. The changes of physical and chemical indexes and the 28-day survival rate of the two groups were compared. Results There was no difference in the general situation of the two groups when they were enrolled (P>0.05). The dosage of norepinephrine [(0.77±0.48)μg·kg–1·min–1 vs. (0.92±0.62) μg·kg–1·min–1, P=0.030] and the level of blood lactic acid [(2.70±1.43)mmol/L vs. (4.05±2.60)mmol/L, P=0.001] in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group 24 h and 48 h after treatment. The oxygenation index in the study group was higher than that of the control group 24 h after treatment (212±68)mm Hg vs. (197±42)mm Hg, P=0.042). The inflammation related indexes PCT [(17±24)ng/mL vs. (32±36)ng/mL, P=0.013] and IL-6 [299 (102, 853)pg/mL vs. 937 (247, 2230)pg/mL, P=0.026] in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group 48 h after treatment. The dosage of noradrenaline, oxygenation index, PCT, IL-6 and blood lactate level in the study group after treatment were improved compared with those before treatment (P<0.05), while those in the control group were not significantly improved after treatment (P>0.05), and oxygenation index in the two groups had no significant difference before and after treatment (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the 28-day survival rate between the two groups (χ2=0.211, P=0.646). Conclusion Although the hemoperfusion for absorption of inflammatory cytokine factors can not reduce the 28-day mortality of sepsis, it can significantly improve the early physical and chemical indicators of patients, and provide opportunities for follow-up treatment.
Objective To summarize the research progress on the mechanism related to traumatic brain injury (TBI) to promote fracture healing, and to provide theoretical basis for clinical treatment of fracture non-union. Methods The research literature on TBI to promote fracture healing at home and abroad was reviewed, the role of TBI in fracture healing was summarized from three aspects of nerves, body fluids, and immunity, to explore new ideas for the treatment of fracture non-union. Results Numerous studies have shown that fracture healing is faster in patients with fracture combined with TBI than in patients with simple fracture. It is found that the expression of various cytokines and hormones in the body fluids of patients with fracture and TBI is significantly higher than that of patients with simple fracture, and the neurofactors released by the nervous system reaches the fracture site through the damaged blood-brain barrier, and the chemotaxis and aggregation of inflammatory cells and inflammatory factors at the fracture end of patients with combined TBI also differs significantly from those of patients with simple fracture. A complex network of humoral, neural, and immunomodulatory networks together promote regeneration of blood vessels at the fracture site, osteoblasts differentiation, and inhibition of osteoclasts activity. Conclusion TBI promotes fracture healing through a complex network of neural, humoral, and immunomodulatory, and can treat fracture non-union by intervening in the perifracture microenvironment.
ObjectiveTo investigate the expression regulation of inflammation cytokines interleukin 4 (IL-4), IL-6, IL-13, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in rats with sciatic nerve defect following olfactory ensheathing cell (OEC) transplantation. MethodsThe primary OEC for cell culture and identification was dissociated from the olfactory bulb of the green fluorescent protein-Sprague Dawley (GFP-SD) rat. One hundred SD rats were randomly divided into 2 groups, and the right sciatic nerve defect (10 mm in length) model was made, then repaired with poly (lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA). The mixture of equivalent cultured GFP-OEC and extracellular matrix (ECM) was injected into both ends of PLGA nerve conduit in the experimental group (n=55), and the mixture of DMEM and ECM in the control group (n=45). The general situation of rats was observed after operation. At 6 hours, 1 day, 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks, the inflammatory cytokines were detected by Western blot. At 2, 4, and 6 weeks, the survival of GFP-OEC was observed in the experimental group. At 9 weeks, HE staining was used to observe the morphology of nerve tissue, and the sensory and motor function and the electrophysiological index were detected. ResultsThe cultured primary cells were GFP-OECs by immunofluorescence staining. Compared with the control group, the experimental group showed significantly increased expression level of IL-4 at 2-6 weeks (P < 0.05), significantly decreased expression level of IL-6 and TNF-α at 3 days and 1 week (P < 0.05) and significantly increased expression level of IL-13 at 1 day and 3-6 weeks (P < 0.05) by Western blot detection. At 2, 4, and 6 weeks, the surviving GFP-OEC of regenerative nerve end was observed in the experimental group under the fluorescence microscope. At 9 weeks, regenerative nerve tissue was loose, and cell morphology was irregular in the experimental group, while the regenerative nerve tissue had vesicular voids and the cell number decreased significantly in the control group. At 9 weeks, the functional recovery of sciatic nerve in the experimental group was better than that of the control group, showing significant difference in the lateral foot retraction time, sciatic nerve function index, muscle action potential latency, and the amplitude of compound muscle action potential (P < 0.05). ConclusionOEC can promote the anti-inflammation cytokines expression of IL-4 and IL-13 and inhibit the pro-inflammatory cytokines expression of IL-6 and TNF-α, which can improve the local inflammatory microenvironment of sciatic nerve and effectively promote the structure and function recovery of sciatic nerve.