Objective Aseptic loosening of prosthesis is associated with peri prosthetical osteolysis caused by osteoclast activation. Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) l igand (RANKL)/receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) signalpathway is fundamental in osteoclast activation. To determine whether RANKL antibody can inhibit inflammatory osteolysis in a osteolysis model of mouse. Methods Sixty female BALB/c mice (aged 8-10 weeks, weighing 18-20 g) were selected. The skull bone piece was harvested from 20 mice as the donor of bone graft; the subcutaneous air pouches (2 cm × 2 cm) models were established on the back of the other 40 mice and the skull bone piece was inserted into the air pouches. The 40 mice were equally divided into groups A (negative control group), B (positive control group), C (low-dose RANKL antibody group), and D (high-dose RANKL antibody group). At 1 day after bone graft, 0.5 mL PBS was injected into the pouch of group A, 0.5 mL PBS containing titanium particle into groups B, C, and D. At 2 days before the titanium particle was injected, RANKL antibody (0.1 mL) were injected into the pouch of group C (50 μg/mL) and group D (500 μg/mL), respectively every day for 2 days, and 0.1 mL PBS into groups A and B. At 14 days after bone implantation, the pouchmembranes containing implanted bone were harvested for gross observation and histological analyse. Results All mice survived to the end of experiment, and incisions healed well. The gross observation showed that inflammatory responses, exudation, and vascular proliferation were obvious in group B, and were inconspicuous in groups A, C, and D. The histological analysis showed that significantly more infiltration of inflammatory cells, more obvious bone resorption, more bone collagen loss, and more positive staining area were observed in group B than in groups A, C, and D. There were significant differences in inflammatory cell number, pouch membrane thickness, bone collagen loss, and osteoclast content between group B and groups A, C, and D (P lt; 0.05). Conclusion RANKL antibody can directly blockRANKL/RANK signal pathway, which is an efficient therapy to inhibit bone absorption associated with implant wearing particles.
Objective To investigate the effects of cryoanalgesia for post-thoracotomy pain on the intercostal nerves. Methods Two hundred and eight patients suffering from thoracotomy were divided into three groups, according to different analgesia received respectively. Cryoanalgesia group （n = 80）： cryoanalgesia on the intercostal nerves, intercostals nerves was freezed at -55 ℃ for 90 seconds ; patient controlled analgesia by vein （PCA group, n= 80）： patient controlled analgesia was practiced intravenously, and control group （n = 48）： Dolantin given irregularly intra-muscularly and/or tramadol orally. Severity of pain was graded by visual analogue scale. Forced expiratory volume in one second（FEV1.0） was measured and pulmonary complication after operation was compared. Results There was a statistically significant improvement in postoperative pain scores and an improvement in respiratory function tests for patients in cryoanalgesia group（X2 = 74.93,15.04,P〈0. 05）. FEV1.0 in cryoanalgesia group was significantly higher than that in control group（1. 97±0.27L vs. 1. 39±0. 14 L,P〈0. 05）. Pulmonary complication in cryoanalgesia group after operation was lower than that in control group （6. 25% vs. 31. 25%, P〈0. 05 ）, Conclusion Cryoanalgesia on post-thoracotomy pain is very effective and may improve the respiratory function after operation.
Objective The results related to the role and research progress of Syndecan-1 in breast cancer are systematically reviewed, with the aim of providing new directions for the treatment and prognosis of breast cancer research. Method The unique properties and role of Syndecan-1 in breast cancer patients were analyzed and summarized by searching the relevant literatures in recent years. Results Syndecan-1 was of great significance in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer and could be used as a potential prognostic marker of breast cancer. Meanwhile, it could also be used as a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer, which had significant research value for clinical applications. Conclusion Syndecan-1 has been applied in the field of breast cancer research because of its unique properties and effects on the development, treatment and prognosis of breast cancer.
ObjectiveTo assess the effect of microfracture and biomimetic hydrogel scaffold on tendon-to-bone healing in a rabbit rotator cuff tear model.MethodsGelatin and methacrylic anhydride were used to synthesize gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA). Then the GelMA were treated with ultraviolet rays and vacuum freeze-drying method to obtain a biomimetic hydrogel scaffold. The morphology of the scaffold was observed by gross observation and scanning electron microscope. Degradation of the scaffold was determined at different time points. Twenty-four adult New Zealand rabbits, weighting 2.8-3.5 kg and male or female, were surgically created the bilateral acute rotator cuff tear models. One shoulder was treated with microfractures on the footprint and transosseous suture (control group, n=24). The other shoulder was treated with the same way, except for putting the scaffold on the footprint before transosseous suture (experimental group, n=24). The general conditions of rabbits were observed postoperatively. Tendon-to-bone healing was evaluated by gross observation, Micro-CT, HE staining, and bio-mechanical testing at 4 and 8 weeks after operation.ResultsThe scaffold was white and has a porous structure with pore size of 31.7-89.9 μm, which degraded slowly in PBS solution. The degradation rate was about 95% at 18 days. All the rabbits survived to the completion of the experiment. Micro-CT showed that there was no obvious defect and re-tear at the tendon-to-bone interface in both groups. No difference was found in bone mineral density (BMD), tissue mineral density (TMD), and bone volume/total volume (BV/TV) between the two groups at 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively (P>0.05). HE staining showed that the fibrous scar tissue was the main component at the tendon-to-bone interface in the control group at 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively; the disorderly arranged mineralized cartilage and fibrocartilage formation were observed at the tendon-to-bone interface in the experimental group at 4 weeks, and the orderly arranged cartilage formation was observed at 8 weeks. Besides, the tendon maturation scores of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group at 4 and 8 weeks (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the ultimate load to failure and stiffness between the two groups at 4 weeks (P>0.05); the ultimate load to failure at 8 weeks was significantly higher in the experiment group than in the control group (t=4.162, P=0.009), and no significant difference was found in stiffness between the two groups at 8 weeks (t=2.286, P=0.071).ConclusionCompared with microfracture alone, microfracture combined with biomimetic hydrogel scaffold can enhance tendon-to-bone healing and improve the ultimate load to failure in rabbits.
【摘要】 目的 探討乳腺癌不同分子亞型腋窩淋巴結轉移的狀態及預后分析。 方法 對2005年1月－2007年12月收治的125例乳腺癌患者進行分子分型，對腋窩淋巴結轉移狀態進行分析并結合隨訪結果進行預后分析。 結果 Luminal A型63例，16例淋巴結轉移，轉移率為25.4%；Luminal B型19例，7例淋巴結轉移，轉移率為36.8%；HER-2過表達型26例，11例淋巴結轉移，轉移率為42.3%；Basal-like 型17例，9例淋巴結轉移，轉移率為52.9%。其中Luminal A型淋巴結轉移率與Basal-like 型比較差異有統計學意義（Plt;0.05），其余型間比較差異無統計學意義（Pgt;0.05）。運用χ2檢驗各分子亞型在腫瘤大小的差異無統計學意義（Pgt;0.05）。經過2~5年隨訪，8例患者出現局部復發或遠處轉移，其中Luminal B型2例，HER-2過表達型5例，Basal-like 型1例。8例中有3例因肝轉移死亡，另5例接受治療現仍生存。 結論 乳腺癌的分子分型可作為腋窩淋巴結轉移的預測指標，HER-2過表達型和Basal-like 型預后較差，將為今后制定乳腺癌個體化治療提供重要依據。【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the axillary lymph nodes metastasis of various breast cancer molecular subtypes and its prognosis. Methods Molecular subtypes of 125 cases of operable breast cancer diagnosed and treated between January 2005 and December 2007 were categorized, and the axillary lymph nodes metastasis of these types was analyzed. At the same time, we analyzed its prognosis status with the results of the follow-up. Results Among the 125 cases, there were 63 luminal A cases in which 16 (25.4%) were found to be axillary lymph nodes metastasis. Among the 19 luminal B cases, there were 7 (36.8%) axillary lymph nodes metastases. There were 11 cases (42.3%) of axillary lymph nodes metastasis in the 26 cases of HER-2 (+) subtype. In the 17 cases of basal-like subtye, 9 (52.9%) were axillary lymph nodes metastases. As for the axillary lymph nodes metastatic rate, only basal-like subtype was higher than luminal A subtype with a statistically significant difference (Plt;0.05). Differences between all other subtypes were not significant (Pgt;0.05). The molecular subtypes did not differ in tumor size (Pgt;0.05) according to the result of chi-square test. During the 2 to 5-year follow-up, 8 of the 125 patients were found to have local tumor recurrence or distant metastatic disease, which included 2 luminal B cases, 5 HER-2 (+) subtype cases, and 1 basal-like subtype case. In those 8 patients, 3 died of liver metastases and 5 survived and are still accepting treatment now. Conclusions Molecular subtyping can provide important information of axillary lymph nodes metastatic status. HER-2 over-expression and basal-like subtype have a poor prognosis, which is an important basis for individual treatment of breast cancer in the future.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the level of arteriosclerosis in patients with hypertension defined by the American Heart Association (AHA) and classical diagnostic criteria. MethodsA total of 3 815 residents were enrolled in 10 communities in north Shanghai. According to the classic diagnostic criteria of hypertension (systolic blood pressure≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure≥90 mmHg) and AHA diagnostic criteria (systolic blood pressure≥130 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure≥80 mmHg), the population was divided into normal blood pressure group, AHA diagnosis standard hypertension group, and classic methods of diagnosis of hypertension group. The differences in cervical-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (ba-PWV) among the three groups were compared. SPSS 13.0 software was then used for data analysis.ResultsCompared with the patients who met the standard criteria, patients who met AHA criteria had lower mean ages (70.2±7.4 vs. 71.4±7.9 year, P<0.001), more history of hypertension (48.8% vs. 72.7%, P<0.001) and lower body mass index (24.1±3.5 vs. 24.7±3.9 kg/m2, P<0.001), low-density lipoprotein (3.07±0.92 vs. 3.15±0.97 mmol/L, P=0.033), cf-PWV (8.7±2.7 vs. 9.8±3.0 m/s, P<0.001) and ba-PWV (1 647.7±610.1 vs. 1 797.2±729.7 cm/s, P<0.001). ConclusionsThe degree of arteriosclerosis of patients who meet AHA standards is between that who meet the standard criteria and the normal population. For these patients, blood pressure should be actively controlled to delay the progression of arteriosclerosis.
ObjectiveTo standardize the techniques for laparoscopic radical rectal resection and discuss its application prospect. MethodsThe clinical data of 433 patients who underwent laparoscopic radical rectal resections from July 2003 to December 2010 in our hospital were reviewed retrospectively, and the different surgery procedures and the development prospect were explored. ResultsFive cases (1.2%) underwent handassistant laparoscopic procedures, 412 cases (95.2%) were done by laparoscopic-assisted operation, and the specimens were taken out with transanal pull-through technique in 16 cases (3.7%). In all of them, conversion to open procedures occurred in 11 patients (2.5%), and 290 (67.0%) patients were followed-up in 1 to 6 years, average in 2.7 years. Local recurrence occurred in 7 (2.4%) patients, while distant metastasis were diagnosed in 22 （7.6%） cases, and the overall mortality was 15.9% (46/290). There was no port-site metastasis occurred. ConclusionsFour-port laparoscopic rectal resection technique is also the clinical mainstream. Standardized laparoscopic procedure for rectal resections enhances the transformation of laparoscopic skills, and makes the operation predictable. Single incision procedure and natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery are future direction to explore.
Resection is one of the most important treatments for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and routine postoperative follow-up is an effective method for early detection and treatment of recurrent metastases, which can improve patients' quality of life and prognosis. This consensus aims to provide a reference for colleagues responsible for postoperative follow-up of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients in China, and further improve the standardization of the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.