Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is one of the important pathogens of healthcare-associated infections. In order to prevent and control the transmission of the drug-resistant organism in healthcare facilities, the Healthcare Infection Society and the Infection Prevention Society jointly conducted the guidelines for the prevention and control of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in 2021. This article introduces the guide from the background, preparation process, main prevention and control measures and further studies, and compares the guidelines with the current prevention and control measures in China, so as to provide a methodological reference for preparation of the guide for domestic infection prevention and control practitioners, and provide evidence-based prevention and control strategies for clinical practice.
ObjectiveTo improve activities of daily living (referring to Barthel Index) in the older inpatients.MethodsIn January 2016, a quality control circle (QCC) was established. According to 10 steps in activity of QCC, we figured out the causes of low Barthel Index score in older inpatients by using Plato method and Fishbone Diagram which were common methods of QCC. In addition, we designed and implemented a rectification program to improve Barthel Index score.ResultsAfter intervention of QCC, the average Barthel Index score of the older inpatients increased from 72.40±6.42 to 89.30±5.87 with a statistical difference (P<0.01); the satisfaction percent of hospitalized patients increased from 94.5% to 98.7% with a statistical difference (P<0.01). The percentage of registered nurses whose theoretical test score were over 90 increased from 57% to 88% (P<0.01) and the satisfaction percent of nurses increased from 90.5% to 95.6% (P<0.01). Moreover, the member’s ability of learning, discovery, analysis and problem solving, communication, application of QCC skills were improved.ConclusionThe application of QCC activities will increase older inpatients’ Barthel Index score, improve the satisfaction of patients and nursing staff, and enhance the members’ ability of solving problems by using QCC skills.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the effectiveness of outdoor activities in preventing myopia progression, and to provide scientific evidence for myopia prevention and management.MethodsPubMed, MEDLINE, EMbase, CNKI and WanFang Data databases were searched from establishment to October 2017. Two researchers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Then, meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software.ResultsA total of 10 studies involving 24 667 participants were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that the incidence of myopia in outdoor activities group was lower than that in control group (OR=0.67, 95%CI 0.55 to 0.81, P<0.000 1).ConclusionThe current evidence shows that outdoor activities have protective effects on emmetropia children myopia onset. Due to the limited quality and quantity of included studies, more high quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusions.
【摘要】 目的 探討抗氧化應激是否參與參附注射液預處理誘導的腎臟保護作用。 方法 健康成年雄性SD大鼠21只隨機分為假手術對照組（Sham組）、腎臟缺血再灌注組（I/R組）和參附注射液組（SF組）；SF組給予參附注射液10 mL/kg腹腔注射，每日1次，連續給藥7d。麻醉下行右腎切除后，用無損傷動脈夾鉗夾左側腎蒂60min，再灌注24 h，制備腎缺血再灌注損傷動物模型。比較各組SD大鼠再灌注24 h腎臟組織中超氧化物歧化酶（superonidedismutase，SOD）水平、過氧化氫酶（catalese，CAT）和丙二醛（malonicalaldehyed，MDA）含量。 結果 與Sham組相比，I/R和SF組腎臟組織SOD和CAT顯著降低，而MDA明顯升高（Plt;0.05）；與I/R組比，參附注射液能明顯增加SOD和CAT水平（Plt;0.05），降低MDA含量（Plt;0.05）。 結論 參附注射液預處理可增強缺血再灌注損傷腎臟組織抗氧化應激，其表現為增強SOD和CAT的活力，減少MDA的生成。【Abstract】 Objective To explore the protective effect of Shenfu injection combined with antioxidant system on rats’ kidney after ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods Twenty-one male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham operation group (Sham group), ischemia-reperfusion group (IR group), and shenfu injection treated group (SF group). The rats were anesthetized with valebarbitone. Bilateral kidneys were exposed through midline incision. The right kidney underwent the nephrectomy and left renal pedicels were occluded for 60 minutes with a traumatic mini-clamp and then unclamped for 24 hours. Animals in SF group received Shenfu injection (10 mL/kg) through intraperitoneal injection every day for 7 days. About 24 hours after reperfusion, superoxide dismutase (SOD), CAT and malonical aldehyde (MDA) were measured. Results The levels of MDA were lower in SF group than those in IR group (Plt;0.05). The level of SOD and CAT in SF group increased more significantly than which did in IR group (Plt;0.05). Conclusion Our finding suggests that antioxidant system in SF group works more efficiently than IR group to overcome oxidative stress in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Objective To evaluate the clinical result of using osseointegratedimplants to retain removable orbital prostheses in repairing orbital defects. Methods Two patients with orbital defects caused by orbitaltumor were treated. Each of them got 4 implants. After average 6 months, we performed the secondary operation. After 7 weeks, we took impressions to make the implant-retained prostheses. The magnetic attachment was adopted. The prostheses were made of polysiloxane material(Factor II,Lakeside,Ariz). Results Both of the patients got the successful facial prostheses and were followed up 2 and 8 years respectively. All the implants were integrated well. There were no apparent inflammatory reactions in the soft tissue around percutaneous implants. The patients were satisfied with the facial appearance. Conclusion Implant-retained orbital prostheses are safe and effective in repairing orbital defects.
目的 觀察七氟烷吸入復合骶管阻滯、基礎麻醉復合骶管阻滯及單純靜脈全麻在小兒腹股溝區手術的應用。 方法 將2008年5月-2009年8月收治的90例ASAⅠ~Ⅱ級擇期手術患兒分為3組：Ⅰ組為七氟烷吸入復合骶管阻滯組，Ⅱ組為靜脈麻醉復合骶管阻滯組，Ⅲ組為全憑靜脈麻醉組。每組30例，觀察3組麻醉效果。 結果 Ⅰ組患兒心率、平均動脈壓、呼吸頻率變化不明顯，Ⅱ組和Ⅲ組患兒術中和術后心率、平均動脈壓較術前升高（Plt;0.05），呼吸頻率明顯低于術前；Ⅲ組患兒蘇醒時間明顯延長，Ⅰ組和Ⅱ組患兒蘇醒期并發癥低于Ⅲ組，其中Ⅲ組患兒術后躁動與哭鬧多見。 結論 七氟烷吸入復合骶管阻滯用于小兒腹股溝區手術，患兒易于接受，麻醉過程中呼吸循環功能穩定，蘇醒快，清醒質量高，蘇醒期不良反應少，是臨床上值得推廣的麻醉方法。
Objective To explore the research hotspots and latest progress of lung transplantation nursing at home and abroad, and to provide reference ideas and directions for the future related research. Methods Through the collection of CNKI and Web of Science core database, the related literature of lung transplantation nursing from inception to December 2023 was retrieved and CiteSpace software was used to focus on keyword co-occurrence, clustering and emergence. Results A total of 352 Chinese literature and 126 English literature were included in this study, and the number of papers published at home and abroad showed an overall upward trend. There were 34 core authors of Chinese literature and 83 core authors of English literature. The core authors led the team to promote research and promote cooperation at home and abroad. At present, the cooperation among research teams needed to be strengthened. Chinese literature keywords included nursing, lung transplantation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, lung rehabilitation, lung transplantation surgery, complications. English literature keywords included lung transplanation, quality of life, international society, disease, bone marrow transplantation. There were 15 clusters and 25 emergent keywords in the CNKI database, and 12 clusters and 25 emergent keywords in the Web of Science core database. ConclusionThe study of lung transplantation nursing at home and abroad has been paid more and more attention, and the research is getting more and more sophisticated. The future study can realize the holistic care of patients during perioperative period on the basis of clinical diagnosis and nursing technology, and improve the survival of patients after operation.
Objective To observe the effect of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with epiretinal membrane peeling (ERMP) and (or) internal limiting membrane peeling (ILMP) and silicone oil tamponade for highly myopic macular hole retinal detachment (MHRD) with posterior staphyloma. Methods Eighty-five highly myopic MHRD patients (85 eyes) were enrolled in this study. All the patients were examined for corrected visual acuity (CVA), slit lamp microscope and preset lens, indirect ophthalmoscope, A/B ultrasound, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and intraocular pressure examination. The average axial length was (29.1plusmn;1.8) mm. There were 24 eyes with diffuse choroid atrophy and 61 eyes with partial choroid atrophy. The CVA was converted into a logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution (logMAR) for statistical analysis. The average logMAR CVA was 1.93plusmn;0.37. All the patients were treated with PPV and triamcinolone acetonide or indocyanine green (ICG) assisted ILMP and (or) ERMP and silicone oil tamponade. TA assisted ERMP was performed in 21 eyes; with ICG assisted ILMP in 56 eyes and TA assisted ILMP in eight eyes. The duration of silicone oil tamponade was (6.2plusmn;1.6) months. CVA, retina and macular hole status and complications were observed postoperatively. Differences between preoperative and postoperative CVA were evaluated by the t test and correlation analysis. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the influence of individual preoperative factors on the initial anatomical success. Differences in the macular hole closure rate between eyes with or without macular schisis were evaluated for statistical significance using corrected chi-square. Results The mean logMAR CVA was 1.34plusmn;0.48 after surgery, which significantly improved compared to that before surgery (t=39.38, P＜0.01). The CVA after surgery was independent of axial length (r=0.142, P＞0.05), choroid atrophy (t=0.23, -0.165,P＞0.05) and macular hole closure (t=0.12, -0.005, P＞0.05). The retina reattached in 79 eyes (92.9%) and recurrence of retinal detachment occurred in six eyes (7.1%). Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that recurrence of retinal detachment was independent of choroid detachment, proliferative vitroretinopathy, axial length, choroid atrophy and ILMP (OR=1.428, 5.039, 0.815, 2.578, 0.432; P＞0.05). Of these 85 eyes, macular hole closed in ten eyes (11.8%), macular hole did not close in 75 eyes (88.2%). There were 24 eyes (28.2%) experienced high intraocular pressure during the first 2 weeks after surgery, all of them were under control with drugs. There were 12 eyes (14.1%) presented with high intraocular pressure before the silicone oil removal, all of them were under control only by silicone oil removal. Conclusion For the treatment of MHRD with posterior staphyloma, PPV combined with ERMP and (or) ILMP and silicone oil tamponade show a high retinal reattachment rate.
Transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CA) is a form of restrictive cardiomyopathy characterized by the abnormal deposition of transthyretin in the myocardial interstitium, presenting with clinical manifestations such as heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and cardiac conduction system disorders. The significant individual variability in the symptomatology of ATTR-CA patients poses considerable challenges for precise diagnosis. This study provides a review of biomarkers associated with ATTR-CA and highlights the TTR tetramer as a potential novel indicator. The amyloid deposition in ATTR-CA is closely related to the dissociation of TTR tetramers; however, the TTR tetramer is not included among the biomarkers currently used in clinical practice. Investigating the concentration, profile, and dissociation rate of TTR tetramers holds profound significance for the early detection and prognostic assessment of ATTR-CA. This article synthesizes the research on traditional biomarkers of ATTR-CA and emphasizes the potential application value of TTR tetramers in disease diagnosis and prognostic evaluation.
目的 總結靜脈制劑Ⅰ期臨床耐受性試驗中的護理要點。方法 2011年10月－12月，采用隨機、盲法、安慰劑平行對照試驗設計，在健康志愿者中按劑量遞增原則，逐組完成8個劑量單次靜脈滴注給藥耐受性試驗。 結果 試驗順利完成。靜脈制劑的Ⅰ期耐受性試驗中，研究護士在臨床試驗前需認真學習試驗方案，做好試驗病房、監護急救設施設備的充分準備，針對可能出現的不良反應制定切實可行的處理預案，試驗過程中密切監測，對出現的不良反應做好救治工作。特別針對靜脈制劑，須做好受試者的心理疏導，保證靜脈穿刺一次成功，減少受試者因情緒緊張、穿刺疼痛等因素干擾對試驗藥物耐受性的評價。 結論 Ⅰ期臨床耐受性試驗實施前準備充分，試驗過程中為受試者提供良好的試驗環境和心理護理，提高靜脈穿刺一次成功率，密切監測，可使試驗過程順利，并獲得客觀、準確的試驗結果。