Objective To investigate the expression of stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and its clinical significance in blood plasma of patients with breast tumor. Methods The level of SDF-1 protein was examined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in blood plasma of 26 patients with breast benign tumor and 52 patients with breast cancer. Results The SDF-1 protein in blood plasma was detected in both breast benign tumor patients and breast cancer ones. The level of SDF-1 protein in patients with breast cancer was higher than that in ones with breast benign tumor, and there was a statistical difference between them （P=0.000）. In patients with breast cancer, the level of SDF-1 protein in axillary lymph node (ALN) metastasis positive patients was significantly higher than that in ALN metastasis negative ones （P=0.036）. Conclusion The level of SDF-1 protein in blood plasma may be a specific tumor marker. Its level is correlated with lymph node involvement in breast cancer.
The osteogenc potential of bone marrow has been proved by experiment. To investigate more in details, bone marrow was obtained from the trochanteric region of femur of NewZealand rabbit in 4 to 8 weeks old. After being cultured in vitro for one week, the hematopoietic component of the bone marrow had disappeared, thus the stromal cells were obtained. Then the stromal cells were subcultured in cultural fluid containing dexamethasone (10-8 mol/L) and natrium glycerophosphate (10mmol/L). Under the phasecontrast microscope, it was found that being cultured for 15 days. The stromal cells were lined up in one layer and late the secretion activity was increased and gradually transformed into multilayer structure and was congregated into diffused opaque clusters in twenty days. During culture, the cells were examined by tetracycline fluorescence label, histochemistry stains, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis. The results showed that the morphological and biological characteristics of the cultured stromal cells derived from the bone marrow were similiar to those of osteoblasts and could synthesized mineralized new bone tissue in vitro.
Objective To investigate the surgical treatment effect for patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) of the rectum and its clinical characteristics. Methods The medical records of 22 patients who had undergone surgery for GIST of the rectum between March 2003 and February 2010 in this hospital were analyzed. Results There were 14 males and 8 females with a median age of 51 years (range 27－81 years). There were 12 patients without symptoms, 10 patients with clinical symptoms, included: hematochezia 4 cases, difficult defecation 2 cases, shape of defecate change 2 cases, crissum pain 1 case, times of defecate increase 1 case. Course of disease was 2 weeks-18 months with average 6 months. All patients underwent curative resection: in form of abdominoperineal resection in 3 patients, transanal excision in 8 patients, Mason operation in 8 patients, and transanal endoscopic microsurgery in 3 patients. The median tumor size was 3.1 cm (range 0.4－18.5 cm). The diameter of tumor lt;2.0 cm was 11 cases, 2.1-5.0 cm was 8 cases, 5.1-10.0 cm was 2 cases, gt;10.0 cm was 1 case. Twentyone of 22 cases were positive for CD117, 18 cases positive for CD34, 5 cases positive for αsmooth muscle actin (SMA), and 2 cases positive for Desmin. Local recurrence or hepatic metastasis developed in 2 patients with average 26 months of follow-up (range 1 month to 7 years), and who were then treated with imatinib for more than 1 year. Conclusions The primarily treatment of rectal GIST is surgical. Imatinib therapy is effective against local and systemic recurrent GIST of the rectum.
ObjectiveTo review the research progress of tissue engineered scaffolds and stromal-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) composite graft. MethodsThe recent papers about SDF-1 with different kinds of tissue engineered scaffolds were reviewed and analyzed. The primary mechanism of SDF-1 homing function for stem cells was retrospected. The results of different kinds of tissue engineered scaffolds carrying SDF-1 for repairing the injured tissues and organs were reviewed. ResultsIt is shown that SDF-1 combined with tissue engineered scaffolds will play a role of multipotent stem cells chemotaxis, however, the exact chemotaxis mechanism has not been fully understood. It still needs more researches of SDF-1 effects in vivo. ConclusionAlthough some research progress has been made in regeneration in situ of tissue engineered scaffolds combined with SDF-1, it will need to further study on the mechanism of chemotactic functions of SDF-1 and its influence on proliferation and differentiation of cells.
Objective To investigate the role and relative mechanism of stromal cell derived factorl (SDF-1) secreted by nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) on the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells (VECs). Methods The NPCs were isolated from the degenerated disc specimens after discectomy. NPCs at passage 1 were transfected with lentivirus-mediated SDF-1 over-expression; transfected and untransfected NPCs at passage 2 were cultured in the three-dimensional alvetex? scaffold, then they were co-cultured with HMEC-1 cells. The morphology of NPCs was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the apoptosis of HMEC-1 cells was detected by Annexin V/propidiumiodide staining after 72 hours co-culutre. The proliferation of HMEC-1 cells was detected by cell counting kit 8 at 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours in transfected group and untransfected group, respectively. ELISA was used to measure the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression level. The virus transfection efficiency and relative Akt pathway were determined by Western blot. Results The NPCs maintained cell phenotype and secreted much extracellular matrix in three-dimensional-culture by SEM observation. In the co-culutre system, after NPCs were transfected with SDF-1 over-expression lentivirus, the proliferation of HMEC-1 cells was significantly increased, while the apoptosis was decreased obviously. The ELISA results demonstrated that the amount of VEGF was remarkably increased in the culture medium. Furthermore, SDF-1 promoted the up-regulation of phosphorylate Akt expression; after inhibition of Akt expression by GSK690693, the proliferation rate of VECs decreased significantly. Conclusion Over-expression of SDF-1 by NPCs is beneficial for VECs proliferation, which is involved in SDF-1-Akt signalling pathway.
Objective To review research progress of adipose tissuederived stromal cells (ADSCs).Methods The recent articles on ADSCs were extensively reviewed, and the culture and differentiation ability of ADSCs were investigated.Results A population of stem cells could be isolated from adult adipose tissue, they were processed to obtain a fibroblast-like population of cells and could be maintained in vitro for extended periods with stable population doubling. The majority of the isolated cells were mesenchymal origin, with a few pericytes,endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. ADSCs could be induced to differentiate intomultiple mesenchymal cell types, including osteogenic, chondrogenic, myogenic and adipogenic cells, they could also differentiate into nerve cells.Conclusion ADSCs can substitute mesenchymal stem cells and become an alternative stem cells source for tissue engineering.
ObjectiveTo summarize the therapeutic targets of pancreatic cancer (PC). MethodsThe related literatures about the therapeutic targets of PC were reviewed. ResultsPC was one of the most challenging tumor in worldwide, and was characterized as a highly aggressive disease with poor overall prognosis and a high mortality rate. The hallmark of PC was its poor response to radio-and chemo-therapy. Current chemotherapeutic regimens could not provide substantial survival benefit with a clear increase in overall survival. Recently, several new approaches which could significantly improve the clinical outcome of PC had been described, involving signal-transduction pathways, immune response, stroma reaction, and epigenetic changes. ConclusionsMany therapeutic targets are involved in the treatment of PC. As current therapies failed to significantly improve the progression and the survival of PC, new therapeutic approaches and clinical studies are strongly required.
Objective To investigate the influence on matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) 3, 9, and 13 levels of human articular cartilage cells after blocking stromal cell derived factor 1 (SDF-1)/ chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) signaling pathway withAMD3100 and to define the function mechanism of AMD3100. Methods A total of 144 cartilage blocks from 12 osteoarthritis (OA) patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (OA cartilage group) and 144 normal cartilage blocks (Mankin score of 0 or 1) from 12 patients undergoing traumatic amputation (normal cartilage group). OA cartilage group was further divided into subgroups A1, B1, and C1, and normal cartilage group into subgroups A2, B2, and C2. The cartilage tissues were cultured in DMEM solution containing 100 ng/mL SDF-1 and 1 000 nmol/L AMD3100 in subgroup A, 100 ng/mL SDF-1 and 1 000 nmol/L MAB310 in subgroup B, and 100 ng/mL SDF-1 in subgroup C, respectively. The levels of MMP-3, 9, and 13 were measured by ELISA; the expressions of MMP-3, 9, and 13mRNA were tested by RT-PCR. Results ELISA and RT-PCR results showed that the levels of MMP-3, 9, and 13 and the expressions of MMP-3, 9, and 13 mRNA were significantly lower in subgroup A than in subgroups B and C at the same time points (P lt; 0.05); the levels of MMP-3, 9, and 13 and the expressions of MMP-3, 9, and 13 mRNA were significantly higher in OA cartilage group than in normal cartilage group at the same time points (P lt; 0.05). Conclusion SDF-1 could induce overexpression and release of MMP-3, 9, and 13 in the articular cartilage through the SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway; AMD3100 could reduce the mRNA expressions and secretion of MMP-3, 9, and 13 in OA cartilage by blocking the SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway; but AMD3100 could not make the secretion of MMP-3, 9, and 13 return to normal levels in OA cartilage.
ObjectiveTo explore effect and mechanism of the carcinoma associated fibroblasts (CAFs) of breast cancer on growth and metastasis of breast cancer induced in nude mice by inoculation of CAFs and breast cancer cells. MethodsBreast cancer cell line of MDA-MB-231 (abbreviated as MDA), CAFs, and normal breast tissue fibroblasts (NFs) of the same breast cancer patient were collected, and mixed with normal saline (NS) or SDF-1 ligand blockers of four nitrogen heterocyclic fourteen alka (AMD3100, abbreviated as AMD) for inoculation of nude mice in vivo. According to the different combination, 36 nude mice were randomly divided into 6 groups:MDA+NS group, NFs+NS group, MDA+NFs+NS group, MDA+NFs+AMD group, MDA+CAFs+AMD group, and MDA+CAFs+NS group. Forty six days after the inoculation and feeding, volume of tumor, metastasis of lymph node, lung or liver were observed. In addition, level of plasma SDF-1 was tested by using ELISA method, and expressions of SDF-1 mRNA and protein in tumor specimens were detected by using real-time PCR and Western blot method respectively. ResultsExcept for NFs+ NS group, implanted tumor could be seen in nude mice of other 5 groups. In MDA+CAFs+NS group, the volume of tumor[(9.092±2.662) cm3], level of plasma SDF-1[(75.25±16.23) ng/L], and expression levels of SDF-1 mRNA (the median level was 14.714) and protein (the median level was 0.673). of tumor tissue were significantly greater or higher than those of the other 5 groups (P < 0.050). In addition, lymph node metastasis were found in 4 mice in MDA+CAFs+NS group, and 2 in MDA+NS group. The tumor metastasis of lung and liver was not found in all nude mice. ConclusionsCAFs can promote growth and lymph node metastasis of breast cancer, whose mechanism is related with SDF-1 secreted by CAFs and SDF-1/CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), signal pathway.
ObjectiveTo explored the effect of stromal cell-derived factor 1α (SDF-1α) on promoting the migration ability of rat adipose derived stem cells (rADSCs) by constructed the rADSCs overexpression SDF-1α via adenovirus transfection.MethodsrADSCs were isolated from adipose tissue of 6-week-old SPF Sprague Dawley rats. Morphological observation, multi-directional differentiations (osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic inductions), and flow cytometry identification were performed. Transwell cell migration experiment was used to observe and screen the optimal concentration of exogenous SDF-1α to optimize the migration ability of rADSCs; the optimal multiplicity of infection (MOI) of rADSCs was screened by observing the cell status and fluorescence expression after transfection. Then the third generation of rADSCs were divided into 4 groups: group A was pure rADSCs; group B was rADSCs co-cultured with SDF-1α at the best concentration; group C was rADSCs infected with recombinant adenovirus-mediated green fluorescent protein (Adv-GFP) with the best MOI; group D was rADSCs infected with Adv-GFP-SDF-1α overexpression adenovirus with the best MOI. Cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) and Transwell cell migration experiment were preformed to detect and compare the effect of exogenous SDF-1α and SDF-1α overexpression on the proliferation and migration ability of rADSCs.ResultsThe cell morphology, multi-directional differentiations, and flow cytometry identification showed that the cultured cells were rADSCs. After screening, the optimal stimulating concentration of exogenous SDF-1α was 12.5 nmol/L; the optimal MOI of Adv-GFP adenovirus was 200; the optimal MOI of Adv-GFP-SDF-1α overexpression adenovirus was 400. CCK-8 method and Transwell cell migration experiment showed that compared with groups A and C, groups B and D could significantly improve the proliferation and migration of rADSCs (P<0.05); the effect of group D on enhancing the migration of rADSCs was weaker than that of group B, but the effect of promoting the proliferation of rADSCs was stronger than that of group D (P<0.05).ConclusionSDF-1α overexpression modification on rADSCs can significantly promote the proliferation and migration ability, which may be a potential method to optimize the application of ADSCs in tissue regeneration and wound repair.