目的 總結靜脈制劑Ⅰ期臨床耐受性試驗中的護理要點。方法 2011年10月－12月，采用隨機、盲法、安慰劑平行對照試驗設計，在健康志愿者中按劑量遞增原則，逐組完成8個劑量單次靜脈滴注給藥耐受性試驗。 結果 試驗順利完成。靜脈制劑的Ⅰ期耐受性試驗中，研究護士在臨床試驗前需認真學習試驗方案，做好試驗病房、監護急救設施設備的充分準備，針對可能出現的不良反應制定切實可行的處理預案，試驗過程中密切監測，對出現的不良反應做好救治工作。特別針對靜脈制劑，須做好受試者的心理疏導，保證靜脈穿刺一次成功，減少受試者因情緒緊張、穿刺疼痛等因素干擾對試驗藥物耐受性的評價。 結論 Ⅰ期臨床耐受性試驗實施前準備充分，試驗過程中為受試者提供良好的試驗環境和心理護理，提高靜脈穿刺一次成功率，密切監測，可使試驗過程順利，并獲得客觀、準確的試驗結果。
Objective To evaluate the safety and tolerance of medicinal charcoal enteric-coated tablets in healthy volunteers. Methods A total of 44 healthy volunteers were randomly divided into 6 single-dose groups (0.5 g, 2 g, 4 g, 6 g, 8 g and 10 g) and a multiple-dose group (3 g, 3 times a day, for 14 days). The safety profile and tolerance were evaluated by observing symptoms, vital signs, and laboratory tests. Results No serious adverse event was reported for any volunteer. Abdominal distension occurred in 2 volunteers in the 4 g dose group and the 6 g dose group. One volunteer in the 8 g dose group experienced nausea and vomiting. Transient decrease in white blood cell count was observed in one volunteer in the 10 g dose group. Abdominal distension occurred in 2 volunteers of the multiple-dose group. Conclusion Based on our findings, the maximum tolerated dose of medicinal charcoal enteric-coated tablets in Chinese healthy volunteers is 10 g. The recommended dose for subsequent clinical trials is 3 g, 3 times a day.
Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of domestic sparfloxacin in the treatment of acute bacterial infections. Methods A multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted. 117 patients were treated with domestic sparfloxacin 200-300 mg qd for 5-14 days and 114 patients were treated with domestic lomefloxacin 300 mg bid for 5-14 days. Results The cure rates and the efficacy rates in each group were 84.62%, 74.56% and 94.87%, 92.98%, respectively. The bacterial clearance rates were 94.28% and 92.02%, respectively. Adverse drug reactions rates were 7.69% and 11.40%, most of them were mild. There were no significant differences of above results between the two groups (Pgt;0.05). Conclusions The results suggest that sparfloxacin with wide antibacterial spectrum, satisfactory activity, is an effective and safe antibacterial agent in treatment of mild to moderate acute bacterial infections.
Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of amoxicillin/sulbactam (AMX/SBT) in the treatment of acute bacterial infections. Method A multicentre randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted. Ampicillin/sulbactam (AMP/SBT) was chosen as the control drug. 113 patients were enrolled in the study (58 cases in test group and 55 cases in control group). AMX/SUL and AMP/SUL were administered 4.5-6.0 g and 4.5-12.0 g every day respectively. Both drugs were given intravenously for 7-14 days. Results The cure rates and the efficacy rates of the two groups were 75.86%, 80.0% and 94.83%, 98.18% respectively. The β-lactamase producing rates were 67.35% , 69.57% and the bacterial clearance rates were 93.88%, 95.65%.There were no significant differences of the above results between the two groups (Pgt;0.05). There was no serious adverse drug reaction in AMX/SBT groups. Conclusion This study suggests that AMX/SBT is an effective and safe drug for treating acute bacterial infections.
Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of sparfioxacin in treatment of the acute respiratory tract infections. Methods A randomized-controlled clinical trial was carried out. Sparfloxaein 200 mg once daily and ofioxacin, as a control drug, 200 mg twice a day, both drugs were given by infusion for 7-14 days. There were 30 cases in each group. Results The clinical cure rates and the clinical efficacy rates of the two groups were 33.33%, 26.67%, and 80.00%, 76.67 % respectively. The bacterial clearance rates were 89.66% and 89.29% respectively. The adverse drug reaction rates were 13.33% and 16.67% respectively. There were no statistical differences between the two groups (Pgt;0.05). Photosensitive reaction was not observed in this study. Conclusion Sparfloxacin was effective in the treatment of the respiratory infections.
目的 采用高效液相色譜-質譜聯用法（HPLC-MS/MS）研究普羅布考片的人體藥物代謝動力學變化規律。 方法 2010年10月－11月，24例健康男性受試者單次口服普羅布考片0.5 g，采用HPLC-MS/MS法測定給藥后不同時間點血漿中普羅布考的經時血藥濃度，采用DAS 2.0軟件進行藥動學參數計算。 結果 受試者單次口服普羅布考片，達峰時間為（11.50 ± 6.66）h，峰濃度為（2 894.72 ± 1 320.53）ng/mL，藥-時曲線下面積（AUC）0-t為（238 876.96 ± 131 873.67） ng/mL· h，AUC0-∞為（259 989.08 ± 146 112.88）ng/mL· h，半衰期為（278.52 ± 164.72） h。結論 普羅布考片體內過程符合二室模型，單次口服具有較好的安全性。
目的 采用高效液相色譜法測定受試者口服埃索美拉唑腸溶膠囊與埃索美拉唑鎂腸溶片后血藥濃度，評價埃索美拉唑腸溶膠囊的生物等效性。 方法 2009年9月－10月，36例健康男性受試者單次交叉口服埃索美拉唑腸溶膠囊（試驗制劑）和埃索美拉唑鎂腸溶片（參比制劑），測定給藥后不同時間點血漿中埃索美拉唑經時血藥濃度，采用DAS 2.0軟件進行藥物代謝動力學參數計算和生物等效性評價。 結果 受試者單次口服試驗制劑與參比制劑后，達峰時間分別為（2.19 ± 0.96）、（2.43 ± 0.92） h，峰濃度分別為（1 748.86 ± 615.81）、（1 442.92 ± 476.41） μg/L，藥時曲線下面積（AUC）0-t分別為（3 927.14 ± 1 839.10）、（3 878.79 ± 1 734.84） μg/L·h，AUC0-∞分別為（3 998.36 ± 1 866.22）、（3 918.31 ± 1 773.44） μg/L·h。試驗制劑與參比制劑的生物等效性為94.0%，其90%CI為（82.3%，107.2%）。 結論 埃索美拉唑腸溶膠囊與埃索美拉唑鎂腸溶片生物等效。
目的 采用高效液相色譜-質譜聯用法研究鹽酸多奈哌齊口腔崩解片的人體藥物代謝動力學，并評價其生物等效性。 方法 2009年9月－11月對22例健康男性受試志愿者單次交叉口服鹽酸多奈哌齊口腔崩解片（試驗制劑）和鹽酸多奈哌齊普通片（參比制劑），測定給藥后不同時間點血漿中多奈哌齊經時血藥濃度，采用DAS 2.0軟件進行藥物代謝動力學參數計算和生物等效性評價。 結果 受試者單次口服試驗制劑與參比制劑后，達峰時間分別為（2.95 ± 1.16）、（3.19 ± 0.98） h，峰濃度分別為（9.98 ± 2.93）、（9.13 ± 2.05） ng/mL，藥時曲線下面積（0-t）分別為（470.76± 142.64）、（446.57 ± 137.30）ng/mL·h；藥時曲線下面積（0-∞）分別為（517.74 ± 169.79）、（489.47 ± 162.13）ng/mL·h。試驗制劑與參比制劑的生物等效性結果為104.7%，其90%置信區間為（98.4%，111.4%）。結論 鹽酸多奈哌齊口腔崩解片與普通片生物等效。