ObjectiveTo analyze the trend of disease burden changes in congenital birth defects in China from 1990 to 2019. MethodsUsing the global burden of disease study 2019 (GBD 2019), we analyzed the morbidity, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of congenital birth defect diseases and their corresponding age-standardized rates and average annual percentage change (AAPC) to analyze the changes in the disease burden of congenital birth defects in China and compared them with global data from 1990 to 2019. ResultsIn 2019, the age-standardized incidence, mortality, and DALY in China were 147.41/100 000, 4.62/100 000, 480.95/100 000, respectively. Compared with 1990, the age-standardized incidence rate, age-standardized mortality rate, and age-standardized DALY rate increased by 12.08% and decreased by 70.38% and 66.82%, respectively. In recent years, although the age-standardized incidence of congenital birth defect disease in China is on the rise and higher than the global level, the disease burden is roughly on the decline and lower than the global level, which is closely related to earlier intervention and treatment of the disease resulting in a lower standardized mortality rate. ConclusionThe age-standardized mortality rate of children with congenital birth defects in China showed a decreasing trend from 1990 to 2019, and the burden of disease ranged from slightly higher than global to lower than global levels, but the age-standardized incidence rate was significantly higher, but the age-specific incidence rate has increased significantly.
ObjectivesTo systematically review the disease burden and epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis in the Chinese population, and to provide reference for health resources allocation and health policy making.MethodsDatabases such as PubMed, EMbase, CNKI, VIP and WanFang Data were searched for studies investigating disease burden of tuberculosis in Chinese population from inception to August 1st, 2017. Two researchers independently screened literature, exacted data and assessed methodological quality of included studies. Statistical analysis was performed on data of tuberculosis associated population, mortality and disease burden.ResultsA total of 40 studies were included. The results of qualitative analysis showed that, since 1990, the prevalence of tuberculosis and its disease burden in China decreased year by year. However, the disease burden per patient and the total economic burden in China showed an increasing trend, and the economical disease burden increased 1.6 times from 1993 to 2003. The disease burden of men was higher than that of women, and it was higher in the countryside than in the city. In 2004, the ratio of YLL per thousand people in rural and urban areas was 2.18, and the ratio was 1.29 in 2014. Additionally, the disease burden decreased gradually in western, central and eastern regions. In 2014, compared with 2004, YLL decreased by 1.11, while the central and eastern regions were 0.48 and 0.25, respectively. The gap between the gender, the urban and rural areas and the regions was not as significant as in previous.ConclusionsThe disease burden of tuberculosis in China is seriously high and the tuberculosis prevention and control work should take into consideration the epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis and the trends of the disease burden. It is necessary to rationally and effectively implement health intervention programs and allocate health resources based on different health demands in different regions and age groups to reduce the morbidity and mortality, and to pay more attention to drug-resistant tuberculosis. Besides, the emphasis of prevention should be placed on reducing disease burden in the elderly and strengthening prevention in the young population.
Objective To investigate constitution and costs of inpatients with circulation system diseases in Karamay Central Hospital in 2014 and provide baseline data for further evidence-based pharmacy studies of circulation system single disease. Methods The information of drug use and expenditure of circulation system diseases were collected from the hospital information system (HIS). We analyzed the data of frequency, constituent ratio and cumulative frequency by using Excel 2007 software. Results A total of 2 898 inpatients with circulation system diseases were included. The top three diseases were cerebral infarction, angina and hypertension. The cerebral infarction and coronary heart disease accounted for the largest proportion in the cost. The top one disease of total hospitalization cost, drug expense per capita and inspection cost per capita was cerebral infraction. Conclusion Based on the above results, cerebral infraction and angina were selected as the evidence-based pharmacy study goal of single disease.
ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological trends and current status of disease burden of type 2 diabetes related chronic kidney disease (CKD-T2D) in China from 1990 to 2021 and predict its future trends. MethodsThis study was based on the global burden of disease 2021 (GBD 2021) database to obtain the disease burden data of CKD-T2D in China, including the data of incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALY), and used the Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model to predict the change trends until 2035. ResultsFrom 1990 to 2021, the standardized incidence rate of CKD-T2D in China showed an overall upward trend, while the standardized mortality rate and DALY rate showed an overall downward trend, with the average annual percentage change (AAPC) being 0.04%, ?0.04%, ?1.11% (P<0.05). Moreover, CKD-T2D in the whole country presented the characteristics of high incidence, high mortality and high DALY burden in the elderly population. From 2022 to 2035, all disease burden indicators of CKD-T2D in China are expected to show an overall downward trend. It is expected that the standardized incidence rate, mortality rate and DALY rate will drop to 16.21/100 000, 4.62/100 000 and 99.35/100 000 respectively in 2035. The overall decline of each indicator in the female population in China is greater than that in the male population. ConclusionThe prevention and treatment situation of CKD-T2D in China is severe, the burden caused by disability is relatively heavy and the burden of male and elderly populations is particularly heavy.
Objective To systematically review the incidence, mortality and disease burden of colorectal cancer (CRC) in China. Methods The CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP, CBM, PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases were searched to collect cohort studies about the incidence, mortality and disease burden of CRC in China from the establishment of the database to July 2024. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Then, meta-analysis was performed by using Stata 18.0 software. Results A total of fifty-six studies were included. The result of meta-analysis showed that the overall incidence of CRC in China was 31‰ (95%CI 29‰ to 33‰), and the incidence of male was 35‰ (95%CI 32‰ to 37‰). The female incidence was 27‰ (95%CI 25‰ to 29‰). The overall mortality of CRC in China was 20‰ (95%CI 17‰ to 22‰), of which the male mortality was 22‰ (95%CI 19‰ to 25‰), and the female mortality was 18‰ (95%CI 15‰ to 20‰). Conclusion The incidence and mortality rates of CRC in China are high, resulting in a significant disease burden that varies regionally. The incidence and mortality of males are significantly higher than those of females. Intervention measures should be taken to reduce the disease burden of CRC in China according to the related risk factors of CRC.
Objective To explore the current status and changing trends of the disease burden of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in China from 1990 to 2023, and to quantitatively assess the impact of different influencing factors on this disease burden, thereby providing references for the prevention of TBI. Methods Based on the 2023 Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD), indicators including incidence and years lived with disability (YLDs) were used to analyze the status and changing trends of TBI disease burden in China from 1990 to 2023. Additionally, the decomposition method established by Gupta was adopted to quantify the effects of population growth, population aging, age-specific incidence rate, and disease severity on YLDs. ResultsFrom 1990 to 2023, the age-standardized incidence rate and YLDs rate of TBI in China showed an overall upward trend, with a significant downward trend between 2015 and 2020, followed by a resumption of upward trend after 2020. The disease burden of TBI in males was higher than that in females, with a larger increase amplitude. The elderly population had higher TBI incidence rate and YLDs rate, also with a larger upward amplitude. Falls were the main cause of TBI in China, and the changing trend of the disease burden caused by falls was consistent with the overall trend of TBI disease burden; meanwhile, the elderly population bore a relatively high disease burden from falls. Taking 1990 as the baseline, the growth rates of YLDs in males and females in 2023 were 101.54% and 101.40%, respectively. For males, the proportions of YLDs growth attributed to population growth, population aging, age-specific incidence rate, and disease severity were 26.91%, 49.62%, 37.74%, and –12.73%, respectively; for females, the corresponding proportions were 28.85%, 57.69%, 27.65%, and –12.79%. ConclusionFrom 1990 to 2023, population aging had a significant impact on the disease burden of TBI in China. Strengthening the prevention and control of falls and paying close attention to males and the elderly population should be the key focuses of TBI prevention and control work in China in the future.
Objective To systematically review the epidemic trend and disease burden of ischemic stroke in the Chinese population and to provide references for formulating reasonable prevention and treatment measures and allocating health resources. Methods Based on Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data, we analyzed the morbidity, mortality, disability-adjusted life year (DALY) and normalized rates for ischemic stroke in China from 1990 to 2019 and evaluated the changes in the disease burden by sex and age group. Meanwhile, joinpoint regression model was constructed to analyze the time trend change in each stage during the study period. Results Compared with 1990, the incidence, mortality and DALY rate of ischemic stroke in China increased by 171.68%, 125.60% and 98.60% in 2019, among which the incidence, mortality and DALY rate of males increased by 184.29%, 148.96% and 115.16%, respectively; the morbidity, mortality and DALY rates of females increased by 160.9%, 101.32% and 81.44%, respectively. The age-standardized incidence increased by 34.70%, while the age-standardized mortality and age-standardized DALY rate decreased by 3.33% and 4.02%, respectively; the age-standardized incidence, mortality and DALY rates of males increased by 39.52%, 8.03% and 3.68%, respectively; the age-standardized incidence rate of females increased by 31.40%, while the age-standardized mortality rate and age-standardized DALY rate decreased by 14.02% and 11.53%, respectively. In 2019, both the mortality rate and DALY rate due to ischemic stroke increased with age, and the highest rate was found in the population over 85 years old. Males over 60 years old were significantly than females. In the 55-84 age group, the incidence of ischemic stroke in females was higher than that in males, while in the 85 and above age group, the incidence of ischemic stroke in females was lower than that in males. The AAPC of age-standardized incidence, age-standardized mortality, and age-standardized DALY rates due to ischemic stroke from 1990 to 2019 were 1.06% (95%CI 1.00% to 1.11%), 0.01% (95%CI ?0.45% to 0.48%) and ?0.16% (95%CI ?0.53% to 0.22%), respectively. All indicators of the AAPC for males were higher than those for females. ConclusionThe curvent age-standardized mortality and DALY rate of ischemic stroke in China have decreased slightly compared with 1990. The crude mortality, morbidity and disease burden have significantly increased. All indicators of the AAPC for males were higher than those for females. To reduce the epidemic trend and disease burden of ischemic stroke, reasonable prevention and treatment measures and rational allocation of health resources should be made according to sex and age.
ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the disease burden of non-COVID-19 lower respiratory infection (LRI) in China during the period 1990?2021, particularly during the period 2019?2021. MethodsData on the burden of disease for LRI in China were obtained from the GBD 2021 database. A Joinpoint regression model was used to describe the changes in disease burden trends of LRI in China from 1990 to 2021, and the results are presented in terms of average annual percentage change (AAPC). ResultsIn 2021, the age-standardized incidence rate of LRI in China was 2 853.31/100 000, the age-standardized rate of DALY was 347.67/100 000, and the age-standardized mortality rate was 14.03/100 000. Compared with 1990, the AAPC were ?2.13%, ?6.89% and ?4.10% respectively. In contrast, during the COVID-19 pandemic, both showed a decreasing and then increasing trend, except for the age-standardized incidence rate, which showed a decreasing trend. Children under 5 years of age have experienced the greatest reduction in the burden of disease over the past decades, while the burden of disease has increased in absolute terms for the elderly over 70 years of age. Compared with 1990, the disease burden of LRI in China due to each pathogenic microorganism has decreased. And during 2019?2021, all pathogens showed an increasing trend, except for ASMR caused by influenza (APC=?55.21%) and respiratory syncytial virus (APC=?53.35%). In 2021, the primary attributable risk factors for LRI mortality in China shifted from household air pollution due to solid fuels, childhood underweight, and childhood stunting in 1990 to ambient particulate matter pollution, smoking, and secondhand smoke. ConclusionThe disease burden of LRIs in China showed an overall decreasing trend from 1990 to 2021, but with large variations between age groups and pathogens. During the two years following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the incidence of LRI in China, along with the disease burden caused by influenza and respiratory syncytial virus, significantly declined. Over the past few decades, the attributable risk factors for mortality and DALYs have undergone substantial changes. To address this phenomenon, targeted measures should be implemented to reduce the burden of LRI on the population caused by air pollution and smoking.
Objective To analyze the disease burden of liver cancer caused by nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) among the Chinese population by utilizing the latest global burden of disease (GBD) 2021 data, and conduct a comparative analysis with the global situation, so as to provide references and lessons for the formulation of public health policies and disease management plans in China. Methods GBD 2021 database publicly released in May 2024 was searched and relevant disease burden data of liver cancer caused by NASH in China and globally from 1990 to 2021 was sorted out. Joinpoint regression model was employed to calculate the average annual percentage change (AAPC) of the age-standardized rates of various burden indicators in order to evaluate the changing characteristics of disease epidemiology over time. Meanwhile, Bayesian method was used to predict the number of incidences and deaths of liver cancer caused by NASH in China and globally from 2022 to 2045. Results Compared with 1990, in 2021, the number of incidences, prevalence, deaths, disability-adjusted life years, age-standardized incidence rate and age-standardized prevalence rate of liver cancer caused by NASH in the overall, male and female populations in China and globally all increased. Moreover, in 1990 and 2021, all the burden indicators of the Chinese male population were higher than those of the female population in the corresponding years. The overall trend analysis showed that during the 32 years from 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized incidence rate [AAPC=0.44%, 95%CI (0.35%, 0.53%), P<0.001] and the age-standardized prevalence rate [AAPC=0.92%, 95%CI (0.73%, 1.11%), P<0.001] of liver cancer caused by NASH in the overall population in China both showed a significant upward trend. In addition, in 1990 and 2021, the age-standardized rates of all the burden indicators of the overall population in China were higher than the global levels in the corresponding years. The prediction results of the Bayesian model showed that from 2022 to 2045, the number of incidences and deaths of liver cancer caused by NASH in the overall, male and female populations in China and globally will generally show an upward trend. Conclusions The disease burden of liver cancer caused by NASH in China and globally is generally on the rise. In order to curb the increasing disease burden, it is necessary to formulate relevant public health policies and disease management plans in a timely manner.
In China, there are more than 2 million new strokes annually, and the disability-adjusted life-years due to stroke were higher than any other disease. With aging of the population, inadequate control of vascular risk factors such as hypertension, and uneven distribution of specialized stroke care, the burden of stroke will continue to increase. Despite improved health care quality in China, the availability of specialized stroke care varies across the country, especially in rural areas. Stroke prevention, management and research face unique and severe challenges due to rough terrain and economic underdevelopment in Southwest China. In the future, efforts should be made to provide more balanced availability of specialized stroke care services across China, promote generalization of evidence-based practice, and carry out more high-quality research to improve outcomes of stroke patients, with special attention to the rural population and Southwest China.