ObjectiveTo analyze the trend of disease burden changes in congenital birth defects in China from 1990 to 2019. MethodsUsing the global burden of disease study 2019 (GBD 2019), we analyzed the morbidity, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of congenital birth defect diseases and their corresponding age-standardized rates and average annual percentage change (AAPC) to analyze the changes in the disease burden of congenital birth defects in China and compared them with global data from 1990 to 2019. ResultsIn 2019, the age-standardized incidence, mortality, and DALY in China were 147.41/100 000, 4.62/100 000, 480.95/100 000, respectively. Compared with 1990, the age-standardized incidence rate, age-standardized mortality rate, and age-standardized DALY rate increased by 12.08% and decreased by 70.38% and 66.82%, respectively. In recent years, although the age-standardized incidence of congenital birth defect disease in China is on the rise and higher than the global level, the disease burden is roughly on the decline and lower than the global level, which is closely related to earlier intervention and treatment of the disease resulting in a lower standardized mortality rate. ConclusionThe age-standardized mortality rate of children with congenital birth defects in China showed a decreasing trend from 1990 to 2019, and the burden of disease ranged from slightly higher than global to lower than global levels, but the age-standardized incidence rate was significantly higher, but the age-specific incidence rate has increased significantly.
ObjectivesTo conduct a bibliometric analysis to research the status of disease burden domestically and overseas so as to understand the status of diseases burden, and to provide scientific and reasonable reference for health disease prevention, control strategies formulation and future research.MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, WanFang Data, CBM and CNKI databases were electronically searched to collect literature on disease burden from inception to October, 2018. Two reviewers independently screened literature and extracted data. EndNote X7 software was used for literature management, Excel 2016 software and VOS viewer software were also used to analyze data. Literature was classified by the aspects of literature publication characteristics, diseases, background areas, influencing factors, evaluation indicators and poverty caused by illness.ResultsA total of 325 studies were included in the bibliometric analysis. 41 articles (12.6%) were published in journals indexed by SCIE; original research evidence accounted for 97.0% (315 articles); 272 articles were from China (83.7%). The main diseases involved were malignant tumors (58 articles, 17.8%), diabetes (29 articles, 8.9%) and hypertension (24 articles, 7.4%). Factors affecting the disease burden primarily included hospitalization days (9 articles, 2.8%), complications (5 articles, 1.5%), delays in treatment (5 articles, 1.5%), and economic income (4 articles, 1.2%). Sixity-one articles (18.8%) reported poverty due to illness, and related diseases were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (12 articles, 3.7%), hypertension (10 articles, 3.1%), diabetes (10 articles, 3.1%), malignant tumors (9 articles, 2.8%) and hepatitis B (6 articles, 1.8%).ConclusionsAt present, the disease burden research are focusing more on the burden of chronic non-communicable diseases such as malignant tumors, hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in developing countries and regions. Medical costs vary from different diseases and treatment, different demographic characteristics of patients, and the coverage medical security of different population are the primary reasons for the " expensive in medical treatment” of current residents and the heavy burden of disease. DALY and total direct medical expenses are the main evaluation indexes of epidemiological burden and economic burden of disease, respectively. Future researches should focus on strengthening the scientific nature of study design to improve the quality of research, as well as paying more attention to diseases and aspects that are rarely involved, such as major diseases caused by poverty due to illness, comprehensive analysis of multiple diseases and aspects of health investment measurement, and comprehensively use the evaluation indicators of disease burden to strengthen the research on the comparability index of disease economic burden.
Objective To analyze the disease burden of liver cancer caused by nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) among the Chinese population by utilizing the latest global burden of disease (GBD) 2021 data, and conduct a comparative analysis with the global situation, so as to provide references and lessons for the formulation of public health policies and disease management plans in China. Methods GBD 2021 database publicly released in May 2024 was searched and relevant disease burden data of liver cancer caused by NASH in China and globally from 1990 to 2021 was sorted out. Joinpoint regression model was employed to calculate the average annual percentage change (AAPC) of the age-standardized rates of various burden indicators in order to evaluate the changing characteristics of disease epidemiology over time. Meanwhile, Bayesian method was used to predict the number of incidences and deaths of liver cancer caused by NASH in China and globally from 2022 to 2045. Results Compared with 1990, in 2021, the number of incidences, prevalence, deaths, disability-adjusted life years, age-standardized incidence rate and age-standardized prevalence rate of liver cancer caused by NASH in the overall, male and female populations in China and globally all increased. Moreover, in 1990 and 2021, all the burden indicators of the Chinese male population were higher than those of the female population in the corresponding years. The overall trend analysis showed that during the 32 years from 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized incidence rate [AAPC=0.44%, 95%CI (0.35%, 0.53%), P<0.001] and the age-standardized prevalence rate [AAPC=0.92%, 95%CI (0.73%, 1.11%), P<0.001] of liver cancer caused by NASH in the overall population in China both showed a significant upward trend. In addition, in 1990 and 2021, the age-standardized rates of all the burden indicators of the overall population in China were higher than the global levels in the corresponding years. The prediction results of the Bayesian model showed that from 2022 to 2045, the number of incidences and deaths of liver cancer caused by NASH in the overall, male and female populations in China and globally will generally show an upward trend. Conclusions The disease burden of liver cancer caused by NASH in China and globally is generally on the rise. In order to curb the increasing disease burden, it is necessary to formulate relevant public health policies and disease management plans in a timely manner.
ObjectiveTo understand the current status of research methods in disease burden systematic reviews, identify limitations and shortcomings of existing research methods, and provide suggestions to address relevant issues. MethodsA computer search of the PubMed database was conducted to collect systematic reviews on disease burden, with search limits set from database inception to December 21, 2023. Two independent researchers utilized Endnote 20 for literature screening and Excel 2019 for data extraction and descriptive analysis. ResultsA total of 216 articles were included in the review, revealing a year-on-year increase in the number of systematic reviews on disease burden since 2004. The journal PharmacoEconomics published the most articles (n=22), while research on certain infectious diseases and parasitic infections was the most prevalent (n=51). Only 31 articles provided a complete account of the entire systematic review process. The reporting rates for inclusion/exclusion criteria, information retrieval, literature screening, and statistical analysis steps were all 100%. However, the rate of protocol registration was relatively low at 19%. Eighty-eight percent of the articles utilized software such as Excel and Epidata for data extraction, yet only 32% adhered to the reproducibility principles outlined in AMSTAR-2. In terms of quality assessment, 105 articles underwent evaluation, with the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist and Newcastle-Ottawa scale being the most commonly used quality assessment tools for epidemiological studies, while economic studies preferred the Drummond checklist (n=9). Regarding the details of inclusion/exclusion criteria, only 53% of studies reported their study design in detail, and less than one-sixth provided a comprehensive description of the interventions and control measures. Statistical analyses predominantly employed qualitative methods (80%), with quantitative analyses comprising a minority (20%), all of which were conducted using meta-analysis techniques, primarily utilizing R software (n=15). ConclusionThe number of systematic reviews on disease burden has shown a yearly increasing trend; however, most studies have failed to comprehensively adhere to the fundamental processes of systematic reviews, significantly limiting their quality. Currently, the primary issues include a lack of protocol registration, incomplete supplementary searches, mismatched quality assessment tools, and insufficiently comprehensive outcome measures. To address these challenges, it is essential to develop a methodological guideline for systematic reviews on disease burden that incorporates these concerns. Such a guideline would standardize researchers' practices and ensure strict adherence to systematic review methodologies, thereby enhancing the scientific rigor of the research and its support for clinical decision-making.
Objective To investigate constitution and costs of inpatients with circulation system diseases in Karamay Central Hospital in 2014 and provide baseline data for further evidence-based pharmacy studies of circulation system single disease. Methods The information of drug use and expenditure of circulation system diseases were collected from the hospital information system (HIS). We analyzed the data of frequency, constituent ratio and cumulative frequency by using Excel 2007 software. Results A total of 2 898 inpatients with circulation system diseases were included. The top three diseases were cerebral infarction, angina and hypertension. The cerebral infarction and coronary heart disease accounted for the largest proportion in the cost. The top one disease of total hospitalization cost, drug expense per capita and inspection cost per capita was cerebral infraction. Conclusion Based on the above results, cerebral infraction and angina were selected as the evidence-based pharmacy study goal of single disease.
Objective To analyze the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of the disease burden of esophageal cancer in China from 2001 to 2021, and provide scientific evidence for optimizing public health intervention strategies. Methods Data were derived from the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD 2021) database, extracting indicators including incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rate, and years of life lost (YLL) rate for esophageal cancer in China. The Joinpoint regression model was employed to assess long-term trends in disease burden across genders and age groups, combined with age-standardization using the GBD world standard population. Average annual percentage change (AAPC) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated, and Excel 2019 was used for data collation and descriptive statistics. Results In 2021, the crude incidence, prevalence, and mortality rates of esophageal cancer in China were 22.55, 38.37, and 20.26 per 100 000 population, respectively, representing increases of 13.49%, 23.41%, and 1.30% compared to 2001. The DALY and YLL rates were 450.14 and 436.29 per 100 000, decreasing by 18.01% and 16.10% over the same period. Significant gender disparities were observed, with males exhibiting higher age-standardized incidence, prevalence, mortality, DALY, and YLL rates than females. In 2021, the male age-standardized incidence (34.29/100 000) and mortality (31.06/100 000) rates were 3.3 and 3.5 times those of females, respectively. Disease burden increased exponentially with age, peaking in the 70 to 74-year-old group for incidence, prevalence, and DALY rates, with males showing significantly higher values than females. Trend analysis of standardized rates revealed significant declines from 2001 to 2021, with AAPC values of ?2.03% for incidence, ?1.42% for prevalence, ?2.57% for mortality, and ?2.84% for DALY rate (all P<0.05). Conclusion The age-standardized disease burden of esophageal cancer in China has decreased over the past two decades, while crude rates have continued to rise, with a pronounced burden among males and older populations. Against the backdrop of accelerating population aging, targeted early screening, behavioral interventions, and optimized resource allocation are imperative to address the challenges in preventing and controlling esophageal cancer.
Objective To systematically review the incidence, mortality and disease burden of colorectal cancer (CRC) in China. Methods The CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP, CBM, PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases were searched to collect cohort studies about the incidence, mortality and disease burden of CRC in China from the establishment of the database to July 2024. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Then, meta-analysis was performed by using Stata 18.0 software. Results A total of fifty-six studies were included. The result of meta-analysis showed that the overall incidence of CRC in China was 31‰ (95%CI 29‰ to 33‰), and the incidence of male was 35‰ (95%CI 32‰ to 37‰). The female incidence was 27‰ (95%CI 25‰ to 29‰). The overall mortality of CRC in China was 20‰ (95%CI 17‰ to 22‰), of which the male mortality was 22‰ (95%CI 19‰ to 25‰), and the female mortality was 18‰ (95%CI 15‰ to 20‰). Conclusion The incidence and mortality rates of CRC in China are high, resulting in a significant disease burden that varies regionally. The incidence and mortality of males are significantly higher than those of females. Intervention measures should be taken to reduce the disease burden of CRC in China according to the related risk factors of CRC.
Objective To analyze the characteristic and temporal trend in mortality and disease burden of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other forms of dementia in Guangzhou from 2008 to 2019, and estimate the disease burden attributable to smoking to provide evidence for promoting local health policy of prevention and intervention of dementia. Methods Based on the data of Guangzhou surveillance point of the National Mortality Surveillance System (NMSS), the crude mortality, standardized mortality, years of life lost (YLL) of AD and other dementia were calculated. The indirect method was used to estimate years lived with disability (YLD) and disability-adjusted life years (DALY).The distribution and changing trends of the index rates were compared from 2008 to 2019 using Joinpoint Regression Program. Based on the data of Guangzhou Chronic Disease and Risk Factors Monitoring System in 2013, the indexes of disease burden of AD and other forms of dementia attributable to smoking in 2018 was calculated. Results The standardized mortality rate, YLL rate, YLD rate and DALY rate of AD and other forms of dementia in Guangzhou increased from 0.45/100 000, 0.05‰, 0.02‰ and 0.07 ‰ in 2008 to 1.28/100 000, 0.15‰, 0.07‰ and 0.22‰ in 2019, respectively. The average annual changing trend was statistically significant (AAPC=11.30%, 13.09%, 13.09%, 13.09%, P<0.001）. In most years, the mortality and disease burden of women were higher than those of men, but men had higher growing trend than women in standardized mortality rate, YLL rate, YLD rate and DALY rate from 2008 to 2019, with a slower growing speed after the year 2012.The disease burden of dementia attributable to smoking in men was significantly higher than that in women. Conclusion The mortality and disease burden of AD and other forms of dementia in Guangzhou have dramatically increased over the past twelve years. Intervention against modifiable factors such as smoking, and prevention and screening for dementia in key populations should be strengthened. Support policies for dementia care management should be adopted to reduce the disease burden caused by premature death and disability.
Objective To evaluate the disease burden of acne vulgaris in China from 1990 to 2019 and to provide references for the prevention and control of acne vulgaris in China. MethodsThe quantity of incidences/illnesses, age-standardized incidence/prevalence rates, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and DALY rate of acne vulgaris in China from 1990 to 2019 which were derived from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 were evaluated. The epidemiological trends, age-birth-cohort trends, and the relationship between the incidence and sociodemographic index (SDI) were also analyzed. Results In 2019, the prevalence and incidence of acne vulgaris in China were higher than the global average. The quantity of patients was slightly higher in 2019 than that in 1990 (3.91%), and the prevalence, incidence, and DALY rate showed a continuous growth trend. The incidence of acne vulgaris peaked at 10 to 14 years old. Acne vulgaris mostly affected young males, and its prevalence peaked at approximately 15 to 19 years old. With these two age groups as the boundary, there was a trend of the prevalence of acne vulgaris increasing initially and then decreasing. Obvious gender differences existed for acne vulgaris diagnoses, and most of the above indicators were shown at a higher level in females than in males. The age period cohort analysis showed that the incidence rate of acne vulgaris in China from 1990 to 2019 was significantly different from the net drift, age effect, period effect and cohort effect. As the SDI value increased, the incidence of acne vulgaris showed a linear growth trend. Conclusions From 1990 to 2019, the burden of acne disease in China increases significantly.
Objective To summarize and categorize the epidemiological evaluation indicators of disease burden, and to explore and analyze the research gaps in the existing evaluation indicators of disease burden. Methods The CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP, CBM, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases were searched by computer to obtain qualitative studies on evaluation indicators of disease burden. The search time limit was from the establishment of the database to October 2023. CASP was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the included studies, and thematic analysis was used to summarize the evaluation indicators of disease burden by NVivo 12 software. Results A total of 19 studies were included, of which 10 studies were of high quality and 9 studies were of medium quality. The evaluation indicators of disease burden were summarized into two three-level core themes: positive indicators and negative indicators. Five second-level analytic themes were used: disease indicators, life loss indicators, life expectancy indicators, cause removal indicators and health status indicators. Twenty-nine level-1 descriptive themes. Conclusion The evaluation indicators of disease burden have their respective scopes of application and limitations. It is necessary to continue strengthening the construction of a comprehensive evaluation index system for disease burden, so that it is comparable and reliable, can adapt to local calculation weights, and covers both family burden and social burden.