ObjectiveTo summarize the epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the epidemiological and economic burdens of NAFLD, so as to provide a reference for hospital management decision-making. MethodThe domestic and foreign guidelines relevant to NAFLD and the literatures relevant to epidemiological investigation and disease burden researches were summarized and its research progress was reviewed. ResultsThe global prevalence of NAFLD was increasing over years. The incidence, mortality, and disability adjusted life years of liver cirrhosis and liver cancer caused by NAFLD had increased year by year. The patients relevant to NAFLD of inpatients and outpatients had increased obviously, and the overall medical expenses had also shown a rising trend. The possible reasons were health care awareness, new drug research, population aging, and excessive medical consumption. In addition, children and adolescents with NAFLD had a obviously increased risk of liver or extrahepatic diseases. ConclusionsBy understanding the epidemiological trend of NAFLD, it is a certain understanding of the disease burden of NAFLD and the related factors affecting the increase of its treatment cost. It is believed that it is necessary to further pay attention to and strengthen the genetic characteristics, pathogenesis, drug research and development, and early diagnosis of cirrhosis and liver cancer relevant to NAFLD in the future. At the same time, the NAFLD group of children and adolescents should not be ignored.
ObjectiveTo expounded the relationship between phenylalanine, tyrosine and their metabolites and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). MethodThe literatures related to NAFLD in recent years were reviewed and analyzed. ResultThe levels of phenylalanine, tyrosine and their metabolites had changed significantly in the occurrence and development of NAFLD, and could lead to the progress of NAFLD by affecting the related pathways of lipid metabolism. ConclusionPhenylalanine, tyrosine and their related metabolites are associated with NAFLD, but the specific pathogenesis is still unclear.
摘要:目的:探討納絡酮對急性酒精中毒的臨床療效及經驗。方法: 將58例酒精中毒患者隨機分為2組:常規治療組29例,給予利尿劑、胃腸黏膜保護劑及靜脈補液對癥治療;納絡酮治療組29例,除了應用常規治療方法外,加用納絡酮。結果:納絡酮治療組患者癥狀改善,清醒時間明顯提前于對照組(Plt;0.01)。結論: 納絡酮治療急性酒精中毒療效肯定、使用簡單安全,值得臨床推廣使用。Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the clinical effect of naoxone on acute alcoholism. Methods: Fiftyeight cases of acute alcoholism were randomly divided into two groups: remedial group (29 cases) and the comparison group (29 cases). Both groups were given diuretic, protection of mucous membrane of stomach and fluid infusion. The remedial group was treated with naloxone. Results: Symptoms of the remedial group were obviously improved. Consciousness was regained much earlier than that of the comparison group (Plt;0.01). Conclusion: Naloxone can be used effectively and safely in treating acute alcoholism.
【Abstract】 Objective To measure the changes of bone mineral density and bone micro-architecture of thefemoral head that harvested from the three-foot bearing ethanol destroyed canine model for osteonecrosis of femoral head, and discuss the influences of local injection of ethanol and biomechanical loading to the structural properties of the femoral head. Methods Twenty-four Beagles were divided randomly into four-foot bearing canines and three-foot bearing canines. One fore-l imb was fixed randomly in three-foot bearing canines. Osteonecrosis was induced in all experimental animals by local injection of 5 mL pure ethanol into one side of the femoral head. The hind l imbs injected with NS were acted as control group, that of three-foot canines injected with ethanol were acted as three-foot canine group, and that of four-foot canines injected with ethanol were acted as four-foot canine group. The contralateral femoral head was injected into equal amount of NS. Animals were sacrificed at the time intervals of 1, 3, 6, and 12 weeks after the injection of ethanol. Quantitative microcomputedtomography was used to characterize changes in bone micro-architecture and bone mineral density of femoralhead. Results The clear three-dimensional model of trabecular bone of necrotic femoral head were obtained. There were no significant differences among 3 groups according to the time l ine by 1 week after ethanol injection(P gt; 0.05). At 3 weeks after injection of ethanol, in three-foot canine group and four-foot canine group, the volume of BMC, BMD, BVF, and BS/BV increased gradually as the distance to the drill ing canal increased. There were significant differences between 3 regions (P lt; 0.05). At 6 weeks, in three-foot canine group and four-foot canine group, the volume of BMC, BMD,BVF, and Tb.N of region I and II decreased significantly compared with region III (P lt; 0.05). At 12 weeks, there are no differences among 3 groups (P gt; 0.05). There were significant decreases in BMD values, BVF, BS/BV, Tb.N, Tb.Sp and Tb.Th after the injection of pure ethanol. And, the changes were more and more obvious by the time l ine. These changes were differentiable at 3 weeks after injection of ethanol, and became obvious at 6 weeks. These changes were more obvious at the part that near the injection canal. The changes in threefoot canine group were more obvious than that in four-foot canine group. Conclusion Resorption of necrotic compact bone trabecular may weaken the structural properties of the femoral head. Moreover, remodel ing and repairing process of necrotic bone trabecular may be hampered by constant biomechanical loading that presented in three-foot bearing canines, and thereby further weaken the structural properties of the femoral head. Biomechanical loading may be one of the critical reasons that lead to the collapse of femoral head.
ObjectiveTo investigate whether there is a causal relationship between the intake of milk or coffee and the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). MethodsUsing a two-sample Mendelian randomization approach, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with milk or coffee intake were used as instrumental variables, and genome-wide association study data on NAFLD were used as the outcome event. Inverse-variance weighted (IVW) and MR-Egger methods were employed to investigate the causal effect of milk or coffee intake on the risk of NAFLD. ResultsBoth analyses indicated no causal association between milk or coffee intake and the risk of NAFLD (P>0.05). Sensitivity analysis indicated the robustness of the main findings, with no outliers, heterogeneity, horizontal pleiotropy, or significant influence of individual SNPs. ConclusionThis study does not support a causal relationship between the intake of milk or coffee and the risk of NAFLD.
ObjectiveTo understand the current research progress on the role of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in liver diseases. MethodThe relevant literature on the role of H2S in the liver diseases published in recent years was retrieved and reviewed. ResultsCurrent research focused primarily on exploring the mechanisms of H2S in various liver diseases. Studies had shown that H?S played an important role in the occurrence and development of liver diseases through mechanisms such as antioxidative stress, anti-inflammatory effects, regulation of autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, angiogenesis, and cell death. ConclusionsBy supplementing exogenous H2S, adjusting the gut microbiota, or inhibiting key enzymes involved in H?S synthesis, the concentration of H2S in the body can be modulated, providing new strategies for treating liver diseases. However, the related mechanisms are still controversial. Future research should further investigate the specific role of H2S in different liver diseases and how to precisely control its level in the body to achieve targeted drug delivery.
ObjectiveTo investigate the surgical strategies and clinical efficacy of transmitral septal myectomy in the treatment of recurrent left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) after alcohol septal ablation. MethodsThe clinical data of patients with recurrent LVOTO after alcohol septal ablation from July 2020 to July 2021 in the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were preoperatively evaluated by echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, cardiac computed tomography, 3D modeling and printing technology. A personalized surgical strategy was preoperatively developed according to multimodality imaging assessment, while visual exploration was performed on the digital model and simulated surgical resection was performed on the printed model. Results Two female patients were enrolled, aged 62 years and 64 years, respectively. Totally endoscopic transmitral extended myectomy was successfully performed on both patients with aortic cross-clamping time of 96 min and 85 min, respectively. LVOTO was relieved immediately (subaortic peak pressure gradient decreased from 100 mm Hg to 4 mm Hg and from 84 mm Hg to 6 mm Hg, respectively) and the mitral regurgitation significantly improved after the procedure. No patient had complete atrioventricular block or required permanent pacemaker implantation. The patients were discharged uneventfully without postoperative complications. ConclusionPersonalized totally endoscopic transmitral extended myectomy combined with multimodality imaging assessment and 3D modeling and printing has an acceptable clinical effect in patients with recurrent LVOTO after alcohol septal ablation. The procedure can precisely resect the hypertrophic septal myocardium while avoiding serious complications such as septal perforation or complete atrioventricular block.