目的 探討胰源性脾靜脈阻塞所致側支循環的通路和相應側支血管螺旋CT表現及其解剖學基礎。 方法 回顧性收集33例伴有脾靜脈受累的胰腺疾病患者(胰腺癌28例,急性胰腺炎3例,慢性胰腺炎2例)的CT和臨床資料,結合解剖學基礎,觀察和分析上腹部肝外門靜脈系統情況,特別是脾周和胃周區域。 結果 在脾門胃底之間、胃大彎側均可見靜脈血管增多、增粗。孤立性脾靜脈阻塞,胃短靜脈(86%)、胃冠狀靜脈(79%)、胃網膜靜脈(79%)和胃結腸干(57%)是常見的增粗血管; 而非孤立性脾靜脈阻塞,還可見到結腸右上靜脈(37%)、結腸中靜脈(37%)和胰十二指腸后上靜脈(21%)曲張。結論 脾門胃底區的胃短靜脈→胃底靜脈叢→胃冠狀靜脈和胃大彎側的胃網膜靜脈→胃結腸干→腸系膜上靜脈是脾靜脈阻塞后主要的兩個側支血液回流通道,它們在胰腺癌術前分期和評估胰源性區域性門靜脈高壓方面具有重要的臨床意義。
為探討尼莫地平對胰腺疾病患者血胰屏障通透性的影響,采用反相高壓液相色譜法對15例胰腺疾病患者在口服尼莫地平后不同時段胰液標本中的尼莫地平濃度進行了檢測。結果:在用藥后0.5、 1、 1.5、 2、 2.5、 3、 3.5和4小時,該15例受試者胰液中的尼莫地平平均濃度分別為4.79、 7.31、 9.21、 8.04、 6.05、 5.11、 3.37和1.19ng/ml;尼莫地平的胰液濃度高峰時間為用藥后1.5~2小時,最高濃度為9.21ng/ml。由此提示尼莫地平可以穿透血胰屏障,這也是它在胰腺組織內發揮藥理作用的生理基礎.
【摘要】 目的 探討胰管結石的診斷和治療方法。 方法 回顧性分析2000年1月-2009年1月收治的50例胰管結石患者臨床資料。其中男37例,女13例;年齡36~70歲,平均49歲。病程7 d~10年,平均6.8年。46例出現腹正中及左上腹間歇疼痛,伴腰背部放射痛。50例均行B型超聲和CT檢查,診斷陽性率分別為90%(45/50)和96%(48/50);27例行磁共振胰膽管成像檢查,診斷陽性率為92.6%(25/27)。所有患者均行手術治療,包括胰十二指腸切除術8例;胰管切開取石、胰空腸Roux-Y吻合術42例,同時行膽囊切除術12例,Oddi括約肌切開、T管引流術6例,膽腸Roux-Y吻合術2例。 結果 所有患者均取出胰管結石,結石大小為0.2~2.0 cm,結石數目為1~50枚。1例患者術后發生切口感染,經積極抗感染及傷口換藥處理后治愈。46例治愈出院,2例好轉出院, 2例術后出現并發癥死亡。術后40例獲隨訪,隨訪時間1~48個月,平均24個月。隨訪期間2例胰管結石伴胰頭癌患者因術后胰頭癌復發死亡。余38例中有8例術后胰管結石復發,再次行手術治療后治愈;其中有2例術后仍有腹痛,但較術前有明顯好轉。 結論 影像學檢查是診斷胰管結石的重要手段,準確率高,一旦診斷應根據合并癥和胰管擴張程度選擇合適的手術方式,可取得良好治療效果。【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment methods for pancreatolithiasis. Methods The clinical data of 50 patients with pancreatolithiasis from January 2000 to January 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, there were 37 males and 13 females aged between 36 and 70 averaging at 49.3. The course of the diseases ranged from 7 days to 10 years with an average time period of 6.8 years. Forty-six patients had intermittent pain in the median abdomen and left upper quadrant combined by ectopic pain in the back. Various image examinations including abdomen ultrasonography, CT scan, and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) were performed in 50, 50, and 27 patients, respectively. Pancreatic duct stones were found in 45 of 50 cases (90%) with ultrasonograhy, 48 of 50 cases (96%) with CT scan, and 25 of 27 cases (92.5%) with MRCP. All patients received surgeries including 8 cases of pancreatodudenectomy, 42 cases of pancreatolithotomy plus side to side pancreatojejunostomy. At the same time, there were 12 cases of cholecystectomy, 6 cases of sphincterotomy and T-duct drainage, and 2 cases of Roux-Y anastomosis. Results Pancreatic duct stones were successfully removed in all cases, and the size of the stones ranged from 0.2 to 2.0 cm in diameter. The number of stones removed from each patient ranged from 1 to 50. Symptoms of all patients ameliorated obviously. One patient had incision infection after surgery, and recovered through active antibiotic treatment. Forty-six patients were cured and discharged from the hospital; 2 patients had their conditions improved and were discharged from the hospital; and the other 2 patients died of postoperative complications. Forty patients were followed up for 1 to 48 months with an average time of 24 months. During the follow-up, 2 patients with pancreatolithiasis and carcinoma of head of pancreas died of the recurrence of the cancer. Eight patients had recurrence of pancreatic stones and were cured after a second operation. Among the 8 cured patients, 2 still had abdominal pain, but their conditions were greatly improved after surgery. Conclusion Imaging techniques are important methods in diagnosing pancreatolithiasis with a high precision. Once the diagnosis of pancreatolithiasis is made, surgical procedures should be selected according to the combined diseases and the level of pancreatic duct dilation.
內鏡技術的問世是醫學史上的一次革命,是21世紀醫學的重要進展之一。目前,內鏡技術在肝膽胰外科領域得到了廣泛的應用,有力地促進了肝膽胰外科的發展,肝膽胰內鏡技術已成為微創外科重要的組成部分。。。。。。
目的 探討腹腔鏡手術在胰腺疾病中的臨床應用效果。方法 對12例胰腺疾病患者施行腹腔鏡手術,其中包括胰腺囊性疾病9例,分別行保留脾臟的胰體尾切除術(4例)、胰體尾加脾臟切除術(2例)及單純胰腺囊腫切除術(3例); 胰島素瘤2例,均行胰島素瘤切除術; 胰腺癌術后復發1例,行左側內臟神經離斷術。結果 所有手術均獲成功,其中完全腹腔鏡下手術8例,經腹腔鏡輔助手術4例。平均手術時間225 min (100~420 min),平均出血量80 ml (2~150 ml); 1例術后發生胰瘺,經保守治療治愈; 術后平均住院時間7.2 d (5~13 d)。胰腺癌術后復發患者術后存活6個月,止痛效果滿意; 其余患者隨訪10~36個月,效果良好,無復發。結論 腹腔鏡手術治療部分胰腺疾病安全有效,具有創傷小、痛苦輕、恢復快、并發癥少等優點,具有廣闊的應用前景。
目的分析胰腺炎、脂膜炎和關節炎三聯征(PPP綜合征)臨床特點。 方法報道2013年7月PPP綜合征1例,回顧國內外報道的33例PPP綜合征的臨床資料。 結果該例患者以脂膜炎、關節炎為首發表現,盡管胰酶升高,但是腹部癥狀輕微。34例患者中,70.6% (24/34)腹部體征輕微甚至完全缺乏,容易誤診。多關節受累多見,約1/3患者關節炎癥狀先于診斷胰腺疾病之前發生,對非甾體抗炎藥(NSAID)和(或)激素反應較差。脂膜炎病理活檢發現特征性“鬼影細胞”。10例患者死于胰腺疾病并發癥(包括2例腫瘤),病死率高達29.4%(10/34)。 結論PPP綜合征腹部癥狀輕微,病死率高,應采取針對胰腺疾病的治療方案,防止誤診、誤治。
目的通過手術病例總結單孔腹腔鏡手術在胰體尾切除中的經驗體會。 方法回顧性分析筆者所在醫院科室5例經臍單孔腹腔鏡胰體尾切除手術患者的臨床資料。 結果4例行單孔腹腔鏡保留脾臟胰體尾切除術,1例行單孔腹腔鏡聯合脾臟胰體尾切除術。經臍單孔腹腔鏡手術具有手術切口少,術口小,術后疼痛不明顯,術后瘢痕隱蔽,腹腔騷擾小,術后并發癥少,術后住院時間短,費用低等優點。 結論單孔腹腔鏡胰腺手術是安全可行的,值得在臨床推廣。