ObjectiveTo summarize the research advancement of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonists inhibiting transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-induced organ fibrosis. MethodsThe related literatures on PPARγ agonists inhibiting TGF-β-induced organ fibrosis were reviewed. ResultsTGF-β was a major fibrosispromoting cytokine, which could promote a variety of organ fibrosis. PPARγ agonists could effectively block TGFβ signal transduction, and then suppressed organ fibrosis well. ConclusionsThe main antifibrotic mechanism of PPARγ agonists is to inhibit TGF-β signal transduction. The studies on this mechanism will help promoting the clinical application of PPARγ agonists, and provide a new way of the treatment for organ fibrosis.
Objective To investigate the prevention and treatment strategy of bile duct injury (BDI) in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). MethodsLatest progress was reviewed based on recent documents and the experience on BDI in LC in our department. ResultsWith the popularity of LC, BDI in LC is increasing. The reasons include illegibility and variability of local anatomy in gallbladder trigone,injury caused by galvanothermy, as well as operator’s overconfidence. In order to prevent BDI, we should apply more blunt dissection, not to use electrocogulation if possible and to study local anatomy and its variance clearly. The common bile duct and common hepatic duct should be clearly identified. Intraoperative cholangiography, laparoscopic ultrasonography and hepatobiliary scintigraphy are selections as necessary.The treatment of BDI depends on the type of BDI and its site and local condition.The treatment includes end to end anastomosis, repairing the defect, choledochoduodenostomy, RouxenY choledochojejunostomy and so on. T tube should be maintained in place for more than half a year after operation.Conclusion The key to improve the prognosis of BDI is prevention and treatment in proper time and in correct way.
目的 探討膽源性肝膿腫的診治方法。方法 對我院2000~2004年期間收治并確診為膽源性肝膿腫的12例患者進行分析，在應用抗生素和全身支持的前提下，再依據其病變發生、發展的不同階段采用不同手段治療。結果 4例急性期患者中2例行急診膽道引流手術后治愈，另2例轉為亞急性期（膿腫融合期）； 6例亞急性期患者均經B超導向下行膿腫穿刺抽膿后注入抗生素治療后治愈； 4例慢性期患者行膿腫切開引流后治愈。結論 本病在應用廣譜抗生素（二聯抗生素）和全身支持治療的前提下，再根據病變不同時期采用不同方法治療，可獲得良好效果。