Childhood obesity is a global public health problem that seriously affects the normal growth and development of children. In recent years, a large number of studies have pointed out that the intestinal microbiome is closely related to childhood obesity, and the treatment strategies targeting the intestinal microbiome have a certain improvement effect on childhood obesity. This article elaborates on the establishment and development of intestinal microbiome, intestinal microbiome characteristics, the mechanisms of intestinal microbiome involvement in the occurrence and development of childhood obesity, and potential intervention strategies, so as to provide more ideas for basic and clinical research on childhood obesity.
目的:探討益生菌聯合營養支持對胃腸外科術后患者腸功能和腸道菌群的影響。方法:36例胃腸道中等以上手術的患者,隨機分為研究組和對照組,每組18例。兩組術后均接受等氮等能量的營養支持,研究組患者于術后第3天開始每天加用益生菌制劑(6.6 × 10.7 colony forming units),共7天。監測治療期間患者的胃腸道癥狀、生命體征、腹瀉情況和菌群比例等。結果:兩組患者術后腹痛、腹脹、腸鳴音異常等胃腸道癥狀均無顯著差異 (Pgt;0.05),兩組患者在術后第8和9天的腹瀉比例和腹瀉評分差異有顯著性意義(Plt;0.05)。治療結束后,研究組患者腸道雙歧桿菌和乳酸桿菌計數均較對照組高,兩組間差異有顯著性意義(Plt;0.05)。 結論:在胃腸外科術后患者中應用益生菌可改善胃腸道癥狀、減輕腹瀉程度和糾正腸道菌群失調。
Bacterial biofilms are associated with at least 80% of human bacterial infections. The clinical treatment of biofilm infection is still arduous, and therefore many new treatment options are under study, such as probiotics and their derivatives, quorum sensing inhibitors, antimicrobial peptides, phage therapy, organic acids, light therapy, and plant extracts. However, most of these schemes are not mature, and it is important to develop new research directions of anti-biofilms.
ObjectiveTo research and summarize the best evidences of probiotic-riched early enteral nutrition for postoperative liver transplantation, and provide references for precise and individual clinical nutrition and probiotics usage management in patients with liver transplantation.MethodsThe scientific problem was established according to the PIPOST. The British Medical Journal Best Practice, Cochrane Library, Jonna Briggs Institute, Guidelines International Network, National Guideline Clearinghouse, etc. were used to search the papers or relative data recordings. The evidence evaluation and summary were carried out based on the previous documents.ResultsOne evidence summary, 2 systematic reviews, and 5 randomized controlled studies were included. Based on the specific questions, 6 dimensions (24 evidences) were extracted and summarized: the early enteral nutrition was used within postoperative 24 h, starting with 20 mL/h, but not more than 125 mL/h, essential nutrients would be fine and tube feeding would be converted to oral feeding as soon as possible; Lactobacillus 20 mg and Bifidobacterium 15 mg were suggested, 3 times/d, probiotic-riched early enteral nutrition for postoperative liver transplantation should be lasted for at least 14 d.ConclusionsEvidence-based medicine is used to collect the best evidence of probiotic-riched early enteral nutrition for postoperative liver transplantation, there are few studies on early enteral nutrition after liver transplantation in China. Application of the best evidence needs to be analyzed and constructed according to current situation of liver transplantation in China.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the efficacy and safety of probiotics-containing rescue regimen for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection. MethodsWe electronically searched PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), CBM, CNKI, WanFang Data and VIP databases, and Chinese Clinical Trial Register (ChiCTR) and ClinicalTrial.gov from inception to December 2015, to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about probiotics-containing rescue regimen for the eradication of Hp infection. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Then, meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.3 software. ResultsEleven RCTs involving 1888 patients were finally included. The results of meta-analysis showed that: Compared with the control group, probiotics-containing rescue regimen could significantly increase the eradication rate (ITT analysis: 80.3% vs. 69.3%, RR =1.15, 95%CI 1.10 to 1.22, P<0.00001; PP analysis: 86.5% vs. 74.3%, RR=1.16, 95%CI 1.11 to 1.22, P<0.00001), and decrease the incidence of total adverse reaction (ITT analysis: 19% vs. 29.2%, RR=0.60, 95%CI 0.40 to 0.91, P=0.02). Sensitivity analysis showed that the result was relatively stable. Publication bias test showed no evidence of substantial publication bias. ConclusionCurrent evidence indicates that probiotics-containing rescue regimen may contribute to improve eradication rate of Hp infection patients, and may reduce the occurrence of major gastrointestinal associated adverse reaction. Due to the limited quality and quantity of included studies, more high-quality RCTs are needed to verify the above conclusion.
The correlation between gut microbes and epilepsy is a hot research topic. This review aims to summarize the effects of Ketogenic diet (KD) on gut microbes and the preclinical and clinical progress of the use of Fecal microbiota transplants (FMT) and Probiotics in the intervention of epilepsy to provide clinical reference. Gut microbes mediates the antiepileptic effect of KD. Many studies have found that bactericides decreased in epileptic patients, and KD can increase bactericides abundance, which may be one of its effective mechanisms. Both FMT and probiotics showed antiepileptic effects on epileptic model mice with different pathogenesis, suggesting that gut microbes is an important target for epilepsy treatment. Preliminary clinical studies of small samples suggest that the use of probiotics can effectively treat refractory epilepsy and autoimmune-associated epilepsy, and can improve comorbidities. No serious and long-term side effects of probiotics have been found in epileptic patients. In the future, more high-quality studies are needed to further clarify its efficacy and mechanisms, which could lead to new strategies for epilepsy treatment and refresh our understanding of the causes of epilepsy.
Objective To evaluate the efficacy of probiotics for treating irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Methods The following databases as PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EMbase, MD Consult, CNKI, CBM and WanFang Data were searched from the data of their establishment to June 2011 to collect the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on probiotics for treating IBS. The data were extracted and cross-checked independently by two reviewers, the methodological quality of trials was evaluated with Cochrane Handbook 5.0.2 criteria, and Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.1 software. Results A total of 20 RCTs involving 1 713 patients were included. Results of meta-analyses showed that compared with the placebo, probiotics was statistically and significantly better in improving the overall symptoms, alleviating abdominal pain/discomfort and relieving abdominal distention. Conlusion Current evidence shows probiotics may play a role in improving the symptoms of IBS. Due to a lot of differences existing among the included studies in aspects of methodological quality, diagnostic criteria, evaluation methods, dosage and course of treatment, this conclusion should be further tested with more strictly-designed and high-quality RCTs.
目的:評價益生菌在預防和治療兒童喘息性疾病中的效果。方法:將393例喘息性疾病患兒分為觀察組206例,對照組187例,對照組187例常規治療,觀察組206例在對照組187例常規治療的基礎上給予口服雙歧桿菌三聯活菌腸溶膠囊。結果:觀察組治愈時間明顯少于對照組,兩組比較差異有顯著性(Plt;005),觀察組總復發率為342%,對照組總復發率為433%,兩組比較差異有顯著性(Plt;005)。結論:添加益生菌對預防和治療兒童喘息性疾有積極的效果。
Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder that affect patients' cognitive function and their mental health, imposing a huge burden on families and society. There are approximately 50 million epilepsy patients worldwide, with a prevalence rate of 4‰~7‰ in China, including about 6 million active epilepsy patients. Although scientists have been devoted to the research and exploration of epilepsy, the causes and pathological mechanisms of epilepsy are still poorly understood. The effectiveness of anti-seizure drugs is limited, and more effective methods is needed. With the deepening of microbiological research, many studies have found significant differences in the composition of the intestinal microbiota of epilepsy patients compared to healthy individuals. Analysis of the intestinal microbiota of epilepsy patients through sequencing has shown significantly lower abundances of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes compared to the normal population. Many related clinical studies have found that adopting a ketogenic diet, taking probiotics orally, using antibiotics, or fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) can effectively control epilepsy by normalizing the intestinal microbiota. Various studies suggest a possible connection between the intestinal microbiota and epilepsy, recognizing that the intestinal microbiota can have an impact on the central nervous system. As a result, gut-brain axisis gradually recognized by scientists. Therefore, the role of the intestinal microbiota in epilepsy is gradually being recognized, and recent clinical studies have confirmed that supplementing probiotics can effectively reduce seizure frequency and improve comorbidities, which may become a new method for treating epilepsy.
Objective To study the effect of probiotics on the change of intestinal permeability and inflammatory reaction after surgery of colorectal cancer. Methods Sixty patients who underwent colonic surgery were randomly divided into two groups: probiotic group and control group, with 30 cases in each group. Each group received nutritional support of the same nitrogen and calorie from day 3 to day 7 after operation. The patients in probiotic group were orally administrated probiotic (2 g/d) from the first day after surgery for 7 days. Every patient’s body temperature and heart rate were observed after operation, and white blood cell counts were observed before operation and on day 1, 5, 8 after operation. The levels of microbial DNA in whole blood and plasma D-lactate, and urine lactulose/mannito (L/M) ratio were measured before operation and on day 1 and day 8 after operation, respectively. In addition, the occurrence of postoperative systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and complications of inflammation were closely observed. Results The average heart rate in postoperative 5 days was significantly lower in probiotics group than that in control group (P＜0.01). The duration of fever and the recovery time for white blood cell counts decreasing to normal were significantly less in probiotics group than those in control group (P＜0.01) as well. There was no significant difference of positive rate of microbial DNA in peripheral blood on day 1 after operation between two groups. However, the number of patients that showed positive result of microbial DNA PCR test in probiotic group （1 case, 3.3%） was significantly less than that of control group (7 cases, 23.3%）on day 8 after operation (P＜0.05). The level of plasma D-lactate in probiotic group 〔decreasing from (6.90±1.41) ng/ml on day 1 to (0.56±0.18) ng/ml on day 8〕 was also significantly lower than that in control group 〔decreasing from (6.63±1.29) ng/ml on day 1 to (0.95±0.83) ng/ml on day 8〕 on day 8 after operation (P＜0.05). Urine L/M ratio increased from 0.053±0.019 on day 1 to 0.063±0.016 on day 8 after operation in control group; while in probiotic group, the ratio decreased from 0.047±0.012 on day 1 to 0.031±0.008 on day 8 after operation, and there was significantly statistical difference of the ratio between two groups on day 8 (P＜0.01). There was no significant difference of the occurrence rate of SIRS and complications of inflammation between two groups (Pgt;0.05). Conclusion Probiotics can decrease intestinal permeability and maintain the intestinal barrier function after operation. It may be helpful for the recovery of patients with early inflammatory response after surgery of colorectal cancer.