In 10 adult specimens, we observed the distribution of the temporal branches of the facial nerve and its relation with the superficial temporal artery. The 6.3±0.9 temporal branches (5-8 branches, mean 6.3+0.9) went across the lateral margin of the M. frontalis and 10.3±2.2 branches entered the muscle. Their in-let, points were 2.86±5.35 mm upwardand outward of the outer canthus, and all points were about in one line. In conclusion, it was safe for surgeons, to operate in the "safe area" of the temporal region, medial to thevertical line to the outer canthus, without the risk to damage the branches of the facial nervc .
Objective To systematically evaluate the risk factors and population attributable risk of children leukemia in China, so as to provide references for policy-making. Methods The case-control studies about risk factors of children leukemia in China were searched in PubMed, CNKI, CBM, VIP and WanFang Data from inception to December 2011. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, two reviewers independently screened articles, extracted data, and evaluated the quality of the included studies. Then Meta-analysis was performed using STATA 11 and Excel 2003. The pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) of each risk factor were calculated, and the population attributable risk percent (PARP) based on the exposure rate of the risk factors was computed, and published bias was estimated according to the fail-safe number. Results A total of 15 case-control studies were included. The first 5 risk factors related to children leukemia were: dwelling environmental pollution (OR=2.782, 95%CI 2.268 to 3.413), house decoration (OR=2.525, 95%CI 1.736 to 3.673), maternal exposure to chemical hazards (OR=2.428, 95%CI 1.976 to 2.985), family history of tumor (OR=2.212, 95%CI 1.677 to 2.919), and child exposure to electromagnetic field around dwelling (OR=2.144, 95%CI 1.761 to 2.610). Factors with higher PARP were influenza history (37.56%), house decoration history (32.95%), X-ray exposure history (20.47%), and chemical hazards exposure history (17.37%). The fail-safe number showed the results were generally reliable. Conclusion In order to prevent and control children leukemia, positive and effective measures should be taken in the following aspects: strengthening child care, avoiding unnecessary X-ray exposure, and providing good living environment.
Objective To investigate the effect of suppression of ischemia-induced retinal neovascularization by VEGF antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotides. Methods Mouse models of hyperoxia-induced ischemic retinopathy were established. Retrobulbar injections were performed with VEGF antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotides or NS in 4 groups:normal control and various doses respectively. The nuclei of new vessel buds extending from the retina into the vitreous in differ ent groups were counted and compared under the light microscope. Results There were plenty of new vessel buds in the eyes of mice in hyperoxic condition., while the number of the nuclei of new vessel buds is less in the murine eyes with retrobulbar injection of VEGF antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotides,especially the nuclei were redused with 59.3% in eyes with large dose. Conclusion The proliferation of retinal new vessel may be suppressed by using the retrobulbar injection of VEGF antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotides. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2001,17:141-143)
Objective The usefulness of measurement of nuclear DNA content elevation for diagnosis of early hepatocellular carcinoma was evaluated by a study of 186 patients with liver cirrhosis. Methods Nuclear DNA content was measured using an automatic image analysis system.Results ①Hepatocellular carcinoma was found in 37 patients during 10 years follow-up, the cumulative incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma was 19.89%. ②The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma increased with the increase of the patterns of α-fetoprotein (AFP), 5c exceeding rate (5cER), FORM PE, but positive predictive value of 5cER was the highest of three parameters, the difference among all groups was significant by the χ2 test (Ｐ＜0.05). ③When 5cER joined AFP for monitoring development of hepatocellular carcinoma, the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma was 72.00%, which was significantly higher than that of 5cER or AFP alone, the difference between groups was highly significant (Ｐ＜0.01). Conclusion Patients who had 5cER levels of 3%-5% or more, who had transient increases in 5cER or who had both, should be treated as being in a super-highrisk group for hepatocellular carcinoma. Frequent and careful examination by ultrasonography of such patients is recommended. It is important that measurement of 5cER join with AFP in cirrhotic patients monitored for early development of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Objective To compare the effect of two different methods of cell seeding on spatial distribution and gene expression of hBMSCs in biocoral scaffold in vitro cultures. Methods The composite of hBMSCs and biocoral scaffold was prepared by traditional seeding (group A) and fibrin glue seeding (group B). The seeding efficiency was measured after 30 minutes of incubation in group B and after 3 hours in group A. At 2, 7, 14 and 21 days after culture, the samples were harvestedand the serial longitudinal sections were cut for each embedded composite. The sections were stained with DAPI and were measured using fluorescence microscope with apotome under serial optical sections. The cell number in every 10 × objective field was automatically measured by AxioVision image analysis software and levels (from seeding surface to bottom L1-L5) or columns (from centre to margin) for comparing cell distribution were set up. The specific osteogenic genes [osteonectin (ON), core binding factor α1 (Cbfα1), osteocalcin (OC)] expression was measured by RT-PCR. Results The seeding efficiency was significantly higher in group B (88.32% ± 4.2%) than in group A (66.51% ± 12.33%, P lt; 0.01). At 2 days after culture, the cell number from L1 to L4 decreased gradully in two groups (P lt; 0.05); in the cell number of different columns, there was no significant difference in group A (Pgt; 0.05) whereas significant difference in group B (P lt; 0.05); there was no significant difference in gene expression between two groups (P gt; 0.05). At 7 days after culture, the cell number was less than that at 2 days in group A and there was significant difference among levels (P lt; 0.05). The cell number and osteogenic gene expression increased sharply and there appeared uniform cell distribution in group B (P gt; 0.05). The gene expression of ON and Cbfα1 in group B was higher than that in group A (Plt; 0.05). At 14 days after culture, the cell number in levels or columns in group A decreased sharply and was less than that at 7 days (P lt; 0.05); whereas the cell number was similar to that at 7 days in group B (P gt; 0.05). The OC gene expression reached the highest level in group B at 14 days. The gene expression was higher in group B than in group A (P lt; 0.05). At 21 days after culture, there was significant difference in the cell number among levels and in the gene expression between group A and group B (P lt; 0.05); there was no significant difference in the cell number among columns in two groups (Pgt; 0.05). In addition, the cell number of most levels and columns in group B was more than that in group A at 7, 14 and 21 days after culture (P lt; 0.05). Conclusion More uniform cell distribution with rapid prol iferation and osteogenic differentiation is available in different levels or columns of scaffold by fibrin glue seeding than by traditional seeding.
Objective To analyze the onset, clinical manifestation, causation, complications of pediatric uveitis. Methods One hundred and two patients with uveitis under 16 year-old were retrospectively studied. They visited the clinic in Peking University First Hospital from November 1979 to December 2008. Their age ranged from 2.5 to 16 years old, with a mean of 11.9 years. Routine exam was carried out, including visual acuity, slit lamp, fundus, and laboratory workup. The diagnosis and classification were made by the anatomic location according to the standard of The International Uveitis Working Group. The data of disease history, age of onset, manifestation, recurrence, causation, systemic diseases, complications, and lab examination were analyzed.Results A total of 102 patients (170 eyes) with pediatric uveitis were included in this study, 68 patients (66.6%) were bilateral cases. Anterior uveitis represented in 38 patients (37.3%), intermediate uveitis in 19 (18.6%), posterior uveitis in 10 (9.8%), and panuveitis in 35 (34.3%). The disease duration was from five days to 2.4 years, with a mean of 3.6 months. The follow-up time was two weeks to more than ten years. The first three causes of pediatric uveitis were juvenile idiopathic arthritis, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease, and Behccedil;etprime;s disease. 36 patients were found with complications, and among them 19 had complicated cataract, seven had secondary glaucoma, five had corneal band dystrophy, 12 had iris synechia (both anterior and posterior), one had retinal detachment, two had eye atrophy, and one patient with juvenile idiopathic arthritis had bilateral femoral head necrosis because of the use of steroid and hip joint was replaced. There were ten children suffering more than two complications. Conclusions Pediatric uveitis is a possible blindness disease with variety of etiology and manifestations,and tends to cause complications. Early and special attention must be taken to avoid serious consequences.
Objective To investigate the tunnel-type open reduction and internal fixation of rib fractures (ORIF) with titanium locking plate in traumatic rib fractures. Methods Clinical data of 10 patients with multiple rib fractures from June 2016 to January 2017 in the Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University were analyzed. There were 6 males and 4 males with an average age of 38.5±9.0 years (range, 30–63 years). All patients underwent emergency treatment, chest CT and ultrasound examination before they admitted to the hospital. According to rib fractures and injuries, patients were given the tunnel-type ORIF of rib fractures with titanium locking plates, the chest tube and negative suction drainage. The patients were followed up over three months. Results All patients were cured. There was no complication during follow-up. No wound infection and death occurred. Postoperative three-month follow-up showed that chest pain was significantly relieved without pulmonary atelectasis and pleural effusion or other complications. Conclusion Tunnel-type internal fixation of rib fractures with titanium locking plates is effective, which can quickly restore the stability and integrity of the thorax. Surgical procedure is simple and can get fast postoperative recovery to improve the patient's quality of life.
After the Wenchuan Earthquake on May 12th, 2008, under the b leadership of the SichuanProvincial Party Committee, the People’s Government of Sichuan Province, and the Ministry of Health of the People’sRepublic of China, the Medical Security Team working at the Sichuan Provincial Headquarters for Wenchuan Earthquakeand Disaster Relief Work constructed a secure medical material distribution system through coordination and interactionamong and between regions, systems, and departments.
In the present work, Monte Carlo simulations were employed to study the characteristics of the dose distribution of high energy electron beam in the presence of uniform transverse magnetic field. The simulations carried out the transport processes of the 30 MeV electron beam in the homogeneous water phantom with different magnetic field. It was found that the dose distribution of the 30 MeV electron beam had changed significantly because of the magnetic field. The result showed that the range of the electron beam was decreased obviously and it formed a very high dose peak at the end of the range, and the ratio of maximum dose to the dose of the surface was greatly increased. The results of this study demonstrated that we could change the depth dose distribution of electron beam which is analogous to the heavy ion by modulating the energy of the electron and magnetic field. It means that using magnetic fields in conjunction with electron radiation therapy has great application prospect, but it also has brought new challenges for the research of dose algorithm.
Objective To analyze the differences in microbial communities in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from patients with simple pneumonia versus those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) combined with lower respiratory tract infection using metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). Methods Patients hospitalized for pulmonary infections at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University between December 2021 and March 2023 were included. Based on the presence of COPD, the patients were divided into two groups: those with simple pneumonia and those with COPD combined with lower respiratory tract infection. mNGS was employed to detect microbes in BALF, and the microbial community distribution characteristics of the two groups were analyzed. Results A total of 97 patients were included, of whom 80 (81.82%) had positive microbial detection results. The smoking index in COPD group with lower respiratory tract infection was significantly higher than that in the group with simple pneumonia (t= ?3.62, P=0.001). Differences in microbial community distributions were observed between the groups. At the genus level, 19 species of microorganisms were detected in the simple pneumoniapulmonary infection group, including 8 bacteria (42.11%), 2 fungi (10.53%), 3 viruses (15.79%), and 6 other types of microorganisms (31.58%). In contrast, 22 types of microbes were detected in COPD group with lower respiratory tract infection, including 10 bacteria (47.62%), 3 fungi (14.29%), 4 viruses (19.05%), and 4 other types of microorganisms (19.05%). Differences were also noted in reads per million (RPM) values; bacterial RPM values at the genus level were significantly higher in the COPD group during non-severe pneumonia compared to the simple pneumonia group (Z=–2.706, P=0.007). In the patients with severe pneumonia, RPM values at the genus and species levels were significantly higher than those in non-severe pneumonia (Z=?2.202, P=0.028; Z=?2.141, P=0.032). In COPD combined with severe pneumonia, bacterial RPM values were significantly higher at the species level compared to non-severe pneumonia (Z=?2.367, P=0.017). ConclusionsThere are differences in the distribution of microbial communities at the genus and species levels in BALF from patients with COPD combined with lower respiratory tract infection compared to those with simple pulmonary pneumonia. Bacteria are the predominant microbial type in both groups, but the dominant bacterial species differ between them. Simple pneumonia are primarily associated with bacterial, viral, and other types of microbial infections, while COPD combined with lower respiratory tract infection is predominantly associated with fungal and bacterial infections. RPM values may serve as an indicator of the severity of pneumonia.