Focusing on the poor mechanical strength of porous bioceramics bone scaffold, and taking into account of the good mechanical properties of biodegradable magnesium alloy, we proposed a novel method to fabricate magnesium alloy/bioceramics composite bone scaffold with stereolithography double channels. Firstly, a scaffold structure without mutually connected double channels was designed. Then, an optimized bioceramics scaffold was fabricated according to stereolithography and gel-casing. Molten AZ31 magnesium alloy was perfused into the secondary channel of scaffold by low-pressure casting, and magnesium alloy/bioceramics composite bone scaffold was obtained when magnesium alloy was solidified. The compression test showed that the strength of bioceramics scaffold with only one channel and without magnesium alloy was (9.76±0.64) MPa, while the strength of magnesium alloy/bioceramics composite scaffold with double channels was (17.25±0.88) MPa. It can be concluded that the magnesium alloy/bioceramics composite is obviously able to improve the scaffold strength.
Femtosecond laser small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) with different residual stromal thicknesses (RST) is set to investigate its effect on corneal biomechanical properties of rabbits in vivo. In this study, 24 healthy adult Japanese rabbits were randomly divided into group A and B. The RST of group A was set 30% of the corneal central thickness (CCT), and the RST of group B was 50% of the CCT. The thickness of the corneal cap in both groups was set one third of CCT. Corneal visualization Scheimpflug technology (Corvis ST) and Pentacam three-dimensional anterior segment analyzer were used to determine corneal biomechanical and morphological parameters before surgery, and 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after surgery. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze factors affecting corneal biomechanical parameters after SMILE. The results showed that the corneal stiffness of group A was significantly higher than that of group B at 1 week and 1 month after surgery, and most biomechanical parameters returned to preoperative levels at 3 months postoperatively. The results of correlation analysis showed that postoperative CCT and RST were the main factors affecting corneal biomechanical parameters after SMILE. There was no significant difference in corneal posterior surface height (PE) between 3 months after surgery and before surgery in both two groups. It indicates that although the ability to resist deformation of cornea decreases in SMILE with thicker corneal cap and less RST, there is no tendency to keratoconus, which may be related to the preservation of more anterior stromal layer.
The current finite element analysis of vascular stent expansion does not take into account the effect of the stent release pose on the expansion results. In this study, stent and vessel model were established by Pro/E. Five kinds of finite element assembly models were constructed by ABAQUS, including 0 degree without eccentricity model, 3 degree without eccentricity model, 5 degree without eccentricity model, 0 degree axial eccentricity model and 0 degree radial eccentricity model. These models were divided into two groups of experiments for numerical simulation with respect to angle and eccentricity. The mechanical parameters such as foreshortening rate, radial recoil rate and dog boning rate were calculated. The influence of angle and eccentricity on the numerical simulation was obtained by comparative analysis. Calculation results showed that the residual stenosis rates were 38.3%, 38.4%, 38.4%, 35.7% and 38.2% respectively for the 5 models. The results indicate that the pose has less effect on the numerical simulation results so that it can be neglected when the accuracy of the result is not highly required, and the basic model as 0 degree without eccentricity model is feasible for numerical simulation.
The pediatric cadaver impact experiments were reconstructed using the validated finite element(FE) models of the 3-year-old and 6-year-old children. The effect of parameters, such as hammer size, material parameters and thorax anatomical structure characteristics, on the impact mechanical responses of 3-year-old and 6-year-old pediatric thorax was discussed by designing reasonable finite element simulation experiments. The research results showed that the variation of thorax contact peak force for 3-year-old group was far larger than that of 6-year-old group when the child was impacted by hammers with different size, which meant that 3-year-old child was more sensitive to hammer size. The mechanical properties of thoracic organs had little influence on the thorax injury because of the small difference between 3-year-old and 6-year-old child in this research. During the impact, rib deformation led to different impact location and deformation of internal organs because the 3-year-old and 6-year-old children had different geometrical anatomical structures, such as different size of internal organs. Therefore, the injury of internal organs in the two groups was obviously different. It is of great significance to develop children finite element models with high biofidelity according to its real anatomical structures.
In order to understand how the biomechanical properties of rabbit cornea change over time after corneal ablation, 21 healthy adult rabbits were used in this study, with the left eye as experimental side and the right eye as the control side. Firstly, a lamellar knife was used to remove a portion of the anterior corneal surface tissue (30%~50% of the original corneal thickness) from the left eye of each rabbit, as an animal model simulating corneal refractive surgery. Secondly, postoperative experimental rabbits were kept for one, three, or six months until being euthanized. Strip specimens were produced using their corneas in vitro to perform a uniaxial tensile test with an average loading-unloading rate of approximately 0.16 mm/s. Finally, the visco-hyperelastic material constitutive model was used to fit the data. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the viscoelastic parameters of the corneas between the experimental and the control eyes at the first and third postoperative months. There was a difference in tangential modulus between the experimental and the control eyes at strain levels of 0.02 and 0.05 at the third postoperative month. There was no significant difference in biomechanical parameters between the experimental and the control eyes at the sixth postoperative month. These results indicate that compared with the control eyes, the biomechanical properties of the experimental eyes vary over postoperative time. At the third postoperative month, the ratio of corneal tangential modulus between the experimental and the control eyes significantly increased, and then decreased. This work lays a preliminary foundation for understanding the biomechanical properties of the cornea after corneal refractive surgery based on rapid testing data obtained clinically.
This study aims to investigate the range of motion (ROM) and the stress variation in the intervertebral disc and the vertebral body on adjacent segments and the influence of force transmission mode after the dynamic cervical implant (DCI) surgery. Two types of surgery, DCI implantation and interbody fusion were used to establish the finite element model of the cervical C5, 6 segment degeneration treatment. The ROM and the adjacent discs and vertebral body stresses of two procedures under flexion, extension, lateral bending and axial rotation working conditions were analyzed. The results showed that ROM of the surgical segment in DCI model was well preserved and could restore to the normal ROM distributions (reduction of the amplitude was less than 25%), and the kinetic characteristics of adjacent segments was less affected. In fusion surgery model, however, ROM of the surgical segment was reduced by 86%-91%, while ROM, disc stress and vertebral stress of adjacent segments were increased significantly, and stress of the C5 vertebral body was increased up to 171.21%. Therefore DCI surgery has relatively small influence on cervical ROM and stress. The study provides a theoretical basis for DCI and fusion surgery in clinic.
【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the feasibil ity of applying enzymatic method to prepare decellularizedporcine aorta and to evaluate its biomechanical properties, immunogenicity and cell compatibil ity. Methods 0.1% trypsin- 0.01% EDTA was appl ied to extract cells from porcine aorta under 37 continuously vibrating condition and its histology and microstructure were observed. The thickness, stress-strain curve, ultimate tension stress (UTS) and strain of failure (SOF) were compared before and after decellularization for 48, 96 and 120 hours under uniaxial tensile tests, respectively. The histological change was observed at 1, 3 and 6 weeks after the decellularized tissue was implanted subcutaneously in 3 dogs. According to the HE stains and a semi-quantitative Wakitani grading method, gross changes, category and amounts of infiltrated cells and neo-capillaries were compared between pre- and post-decellularization of porcine aortae. Endothel ial cells from canine external jugular vein were seeded onto the decellularized patches to observe the cell compatibil ity. Results Microscopy and electron microscopies examination identified that cell components was completely removed from the fresh porcine aorta and Masson’ strichrome showed that the structure of matrix (fibrins) was maintained intact at 96 hours using the decellularization method. There were no significant differences in the thickness, UTS and SOF between before and after decellularization (P gt; 0.05). However, The UTS values showed a decrease tendency and SOF showed an increase tendency. The stress-strain curve also verified a decrease tendency in mechanical intensity and an increase one in ductil ity after decellularization. After implanting the acellularized matrix subcutaneously in canine, moderately lymphocyte infiltration was seen at the 1st week and the infiltration was replaced by fibroblasts accompanied by neocapillary formation at the 6th week. A semi-quantity histological evaluation showed that there were differences in gross observation, category and the numbers of the infiltrated cells between decellularized and non-decellularized tissues（P lt; 0.05). A cell monolayer was identified by HE staining and scanning electron microscopywhen the endothel ial cells were seeded onto the inner luminal surface of the scaffold, al igned at the same direction on the whole. Conclusion The decellularized porcine aortic scaffold, prepared by trypsin-EDTA extraction under continuously vibrating condition, could meet the requirements of tissue-engineering graft in biomechanical properties, immunogenicity and cell compatibil ity.
To investigate the effects of postoperative fusion implantation on the mesoscopic biomechanical properties of vertebrae and bone tissue osteogenesis in idiopathic scoliosis, a macroscopic finite element model of the postoperative fusion device was developed, and a mesoscopic model of the bone unit was developed using the Saint Venant sub-model approach. To simulate human physiological conditions, the differences in biomechanical properties between macroscopic cortical bone and mesoscopic bone units under the same boundary conditions were studied, and the effects of fusion implantation on bone tissue growth at the mesoscopic scale were analyzed. The results showed that the stresses in the mesoscopic structure of the lumbar spine increased compared to the macroscopic structure, and the mesoscopic stress in this case is 2.606 to 5.958 times of the macroscopic stress; the stresses in the upper bone unit of the fusion device were greater than those in the lower part; the average stresses in the upper vertebral body end surfaces were ranked in the order of right, left, posterior and anterior; the stresses in the lower vertebral body were ranked in the order of left, posterior, right and anterior; and rotation was the condition with the greatest stress value in the bone unit. It is hypothesized that bone tissue osteogenesis is better on the upper face of the fusion than on the lower face, and that bone tissue growth rate on the upper face is in the order of right, left, posterior, and anterior; while on the lower face, it is in the order of left, posterior, right, and anterior; and that patients’ constant rotational movements after surgery is conducive to bone growth. The results of the study may provide a theoretical basis for the design of surgical protocols and optimization of fusion devices for idiopathic scoliosis.
Coronary artery diseases (CAD) have always been serious threats to human health. The measurement, constitutive modeling, and analysis of mechanical properties of the blood vessel wall can provide a tool for disease diagnosis, stent implantation, and artificial artery design. The vessel wall has both active and passive mechanical properties. The passive mechanical properties are mainly determined by elastic and collagen fibers, and the active mechanical properties are determined by the contraction of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Substantial studies have shown that, the two-layer model of the vessel wall can feature the mechanical properties well, and the circumferential, axial and radial strain and stress are of great significance in arterial wall mechanics. This study reviewed recent investigations of mechanical properties of the vessel wall. Challenges and opportunities in this area are discussed relevant to the clinical treatment of coronary artery diseases.
Objective To compare the biomechanical properties of personalized Y-shaped plates with horizontal plates, vertical plates, and traditional Y-shaped plates in the treatment of distal humeral intra-articular fractures through finite element analysis, and to evaluate their potential for clinical application. Methods The study selected a 38-year-old male volunteer and obtained a three-dimensional model of the humerus by scanning his upper limbs using a 64-slice spiral CT. Four types of fracture-internal fixation models were constructed using Mimics 19.0, Geomagic Wrap 2017, Creo 6.0, and other software: horizontal plates, vertical plates, traditional Y-shaped plate, and personalized Y-shaped plate. The models were then meshed using Hypermesh 14.0 software, and material properties and boundary conditions were defined in Abaqus 6.14 software. AnyBody 7.3 software was used to simulate elbow flexion and extension movements, calculate muscle strength, joint forces, and load torques, and compare the peak stress and maximum displacement of the four fixation methods at different motion angles (10°, 30°, 50°, 70°, 90°, 110°, 130°, 150°) during elbow flexion and extension. Results Under dynamic loading during elbow flexion and extension, the personalized Y-shaped plate exhibits significant biomechanical advantages. During elbow flexion, the peak internal fixation stress of the personalized Y-shaped plate was (28.8±0.9) MPa, which was significantly lower than that of the horizontal plates, vertical plates, and traditional Y-shaped plate (P<0.05). During elbow extension, the peak internal fixation stress of the personalized Y-shaped plate was (18.1±1.6) MPa, which was lower than those of the other three models, with significant differences when compared with horizontal plates and vertical plates (P<0.05). Regarding the peak humeral stress, the personalized Y-shaped plate model showed mean values of (10.9±0.8) and (13.1±1.4) MPa during elbow flexion and extension, respectively, which were significantly lower than those of the other three models (P<0.05). Displacement analysis showed that the maximum displacement of the humerus with the personalized Y-shaped plate during elbow flexion was (2.03±0.08) mm, slightly higher than that of the horizontal plates, but significantly lower than that of the vertical plates, showing significant differences (P<0.05). During elbow extension, the maximum displacement of the humerus with the personalized Y-shaped plate was (1.93±0.13) mm, which was lower than that of the other three models, with significant differences when compared with vertical plates and traditional Y-shaped plates (P<0.05). Stress contour analysis showed that the stress of the personalized Y-shaped plate was primarily concentrated at the bifurcation of the Y-shaped structure. Displacement contour analysis showed that the personalized Y-shaped plate effectively controlled the displacement of the distal humerus during both flexion and extension, demonstrating excellent stability. ConclusionThe personalized Y-shaped plate demonstrates excellent biomechanical performance in the treatment of distal humeral intra-articular fractures, with lower stress and displacement, providing more stable fixation effects.