Evidence-informed decision making is one of the most common, objective and important health policy research methods used by policy makers. Its purpose is to promote the application and dissemination of research knowledge on health policy and systems to change traditional and subjective models of health policy making in order to improve national and regional health systems. Three elements will influence the effectiveness of health policy making:research evidence, available health resources and the value of policy formulation. This paper introduces some pragmatic evidence-based approaches, especially systematic reviews, priority setting and a combined approach matrix (CAM). Systematic reviews have a b impact on the decision process for policy makers. We hope that the application and development of evidence-informed methods will increase in China’s health policy research.
This paper introduced definition of right care, presented the evidences of overuse and underuse in the world and pointed out the importance of dissemination of evidence-based medicine to right care. Not only evidence production but also concepts of evidence-based practical are important. It is important to disseminate evidence-based medicine not only among academic societies but also among the public. These are critical for achieving right care and preventing overuse and underuse of medical care.
ObjectiveTo introduce economic evaluation methods for anticancer-drugs with basket trial design, and to provide references for related research and decision-making. MethodsA case analysis was conducted on economic evaluation methods for anticancer-drugs with basket trial design, which was issued by Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH) in the Economic Guidance Report. Moreover, both the advantages and disadvantages of the methods were analyzed in accordance with the characteristics of basket trials. ResultsPooled analysis and tumor-specific analysis were two methods frequently employed in the case analysis. However, great uncertainties were available in both of them. The uncertainty of the former was mainly reflected in the heterogeneity of the targeted population, while the uncertainty of the latter was mainly shown in the insufficient sample size of the subgroup. ConclusionCurrently, economic evaluation methods for anticancer-drugs with basket trial design are immature. Thus, researchers are required to explore the methods of innovation evaluation with lower uncertainty; reimbursement decision-makers should fully consider the uncertainty of evaluation results and enterprises should collect the real-world data for the demands of evaluation to promote the reasonable allocation of healthcare resources in China.
The Campbell Library is a database of preserving and promoting systematic reviews on social sciences for the purpose of providing evidence-informed decision making. This article introduces the foundation, development, major contents and search methods of the Campbell Library, so as to provide resources and technologies in the field of social sciences as well as new ideas for the development of evidence-based practice in China.
At present, upper limb motor rehabilitation relies on specific rehabilitation aids, ignoring the initiative of upper limb motor of patients in the middle and late stages of rehabilitation. This paper proposes a fuzzy evaluation method for active participation based on trajectory error and surface electromyography (sEMG) for patients who gradually have the ability to generate active force. First, the level of motor participation was evaluated using trajectory error signals represented by computer vision. Then, the level of physiological participation was quantified based on muscle activation (MA) characterized by sEMG. Finally, the motor performance and physiological response parameters were input into the fuzzy inference system (FIS). This system was then used to construct the fuzzy decision tree (FDT), which ultimately outputs the active participation level. A controlled experiment of upper limb flexion and extension exercise in 16 healthy subjects demonstrated that the method presented in this paper was effective in quantifying difference in the active participation level of the upper limb in different force-generating states. The calculation results of this method and the active participation assessment method based on sEMG during the task cycle showed that the active participation evaluation values of both methods peaked in the initial cycle: (82.34 ± 9.3) % for this paper’s method and (78.44 ± 7.31) % for the sEMG method. In the subsequent cycles, the values of both showed a dynamic change trend of rising first and then falling. Trend consistency verifies the effectiveness of the active participation assessment strategy in this paper, providing a new idea for quantifying the participation level of patients in middle and late stages of upper limb rehabilitation without special equipment mediation.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the research issues related to evidence quality grading methods for public health decision making. MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang Data, CBM and VIP databases were electronically searched to collect studies related to the application of evidence quality grading methods for public health decision making from inception to December 2022. The questions were constructed according to the SPIDER model. The quality of the included literature was evaluated by using the CASP checklist, and a three-level interpretation analysis of the questions on the application of quality rating methods for public health decision making was conducted using the thematic synthesis method to establish a pool of question entries. ResultsA total of 14 papers were included, covering seven countries. GRADE was the commonly used method for grading the quality of evidence. CASP evaluation results showed eight high quality studies, four medium quality studies and two low quality studies. The thematic synthesis method summarized 13 question entries in 7 categories. ConclusionThe existing methodology for grading the quality of evidence for public health decision making suffers from the diversity of evidence sources and the underestimation of the level of evidence from complex intervention studies.
Shared decision making (SDM), as a healthcare service model, requires clinical practice to follow the “patient-centred” medical principle and emphasizes patient participation in the medical decision-making process, which promotes medical equality and improves the quality and effectiveness of healthcare services. However, its methodology has not yet been introduced into the field of Chinese medicine (CM), and there is still a lack of clear guidance on how to implement SDM in clinical practice. This study provided the method of establishing the conceptual framework of SDM in CM, introducing multiple methods according to evidence-based medicine, and conducing an implementation study to explore the applicability of SDM model in CM clinical practice, with the aim of providing references for the application of the SDM in the clinical practice of CM in the future.