ObjectiveTo investigate the expression and distribution of CD15s antigen in breast cancer and its relationship with carcinogenesis, progression and metastatic proclivity. MethodsCatalyzed signal amplification(CSA) immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the expression of CD15s antigen in breast cancer and in adjacent normal mucosa. Immunoelectromicroscopic ultrastructural localization of CD15s antigen labelled by colloidal gold was also bserved.ResultsThe positive rate of CD15s antigen expression in primary breast cancer was 79.8%(75/94). In adjacent normal mucosa (n=10) CD15s antigen showed weaker staining. The positive rate of CD15s antigen expression in grade Ⅱ-Ⅲ (87.3%) was notably higher than that in grade Ⅰ (69.2%, P＜0.05). In patients with lymph node metastasis, the positive rate of CD15s antigen expression was 90.2%, which was significantly higher than 67.4% in nodes with no metastasis (P＜0.05). CD15s antigen immunoreactivity was mainly localized in the border membrane of cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi complex and surrounding nuclear membrane in tumor tissue, and in the border membrane of cytoplasm in adjacent normal tissue. Conclusion CD15s antigen is a practical parameter for evaluating the degree of malignancy and lymphatic metastatic proclivity of breast cancer. It can provide a new pathway to investigate the carcinogenesis and progression of breast cancer.
【Abstract】Objective To investigate the expression of the mRNA of cancer-testis antigen 9 (CT9) gene in hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods The expression of CT9 mRNA was detected through RT-PCR in HCC tissues and their adjacent non-HCC tissues from 45 HCC patients. From CT9 RT-PCR positive products, 3 samples were selected randomly and were sequenced. ResultsCT9 mRNA was detectable in 51.1%(23/45) of HCC samples, and no expression of CT9 mRNA was detected in the adjacent non-HCC tissues. In addition, the RTPCR products were proved to be CT9 cDNA by DNA sequencing. No relationship was found between the expression of CT9 mRNA and clinical factors such as age, sex, tumor size, degree of tumor differentiation, serum αfetoprotein level and infection of hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus （Pgt;0.05）. ConclusionCT9 mRNA is expressed with high percentage and specificity in hepatocellular carcinomas. The CT9 gene product is a potential target for antigenspecific immunotherapy of HCC.
Objective To investigate the relationship between human leukocyte antigen(HLA)-B51 and Behcet′s disease (BD) with uveities. Methods HLA-A and HLA-B antigen of 27 pateints with BD and 30 healthy persons were detected by microly mphocyte toxicity asssay. HLA-B51 allele (HLA-B5101-B5107) in BD patients with positive HLA-B51 antigen and the controls was detected by polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primer(PCR-SSP). Results The positive rate of HLA-B51 was 63% and 16.7% in BD patients and the controls, respectively (χ2=12.9, P＜0.001, Pc＜0.05,RR=8.5). Uveities was found in 11 out of 27 BD patients with uveitis. No relativity was found between HLA-B51 and uveitis in BD patients(RR=2.07,χ2=0.759,P＞0.25),and weak association was found between HLA=B5101 and uveitis (RR=2.67, χ2=1.395, P＞0.10). Conclusions HLA-B51 might be a susceptible gene for BD, and there was a weak association between HLA-B51(HLA-B5101) and BD patients with uveitis.(Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2004，20：203-205)
Purpose To investigate whether experimental autoimmune uveitis can be induced equally in different rats by urea soluble fraction of bovine melanin-associated antigen(USF-BMAA),and,if so,difference among them. Methods Lewis rats,F344 rats,Wistar rats were immunized with USF-BMAA emulsified with complete Freud is adijuvant and Bordelella pertussis to induce experimental autoimmune uveitis.The animal models were investigated clinically and histopathologically and compared with each other. Rusults Experimental autoimmune uveitis could be induced in Lewis rats,F344 rats and Wistar rats with US-BMAA.Clinical and histopathalogical examination showed that bilateral ocular inflammation developed after immunization 9-13 days.Although inflammation was mainly located in anterior uvea,a mild focal choroiditis was noted in those with severe anterior inflammation.No inflammation was observed in the retina and pineal gland.Experimental autoimmune uveieis induced with USF-BMAA was similar to experimental autoimmune anterior uveitis incited with BMAA presented by other authors.Inflammation induced with USF-BMAA in F344 rats and in Lewis rats was quite similar in the severity and course of the model.But the inflammation was less in Wistar rats compared with that in Lewis rats and F344 rats. Conclusion Experimental autoimmune anterior uveitis was successfully induced with USF-BMAA in Lewis rats,F344 rats and Wistar rats.The difference with regard to the severity among these aminals were propably attributed to their genetic bankground. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1998,14:149-152)
Objective To investigate the effect of alltrans retinoic acid (atRA) on proliferative artery disease after heart transplantation. Methods Heterotopic heart transplantation model was established by Ono model with 16 inbred healthy male Wistar rats as donors and 16 SD rats as recipients. The rats were divided into chronic rejection group and atRAtreated group by complete random design, and there were 8 rats in each group. Rats in chronic rejection group were given Cyclosporine A 10 mg/(kg·d) by subcutaneous injection after operation, and those in atRAtreated group were given Cyclosporine A 10 mg/(kg·d) in the same way and atRA 10mg/(kg·d) by gavage. The transplanted hearts of rats were taken out 60 days after the transplantation. HE stain, masson stain and Van Gieson were done to analyze the rejection of transplanted hearts, the degree of vascular stenosis and myocardial fibrosis respectively.Immunohistochemistry was used to test proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Results The area of myocardial fibrosis in chronic rejection group was obviously larger than that in atRAtreated group（63.99%±11.91% vs.34.68%±6.34%）, and there was significant difference between two groups（t=8.377，P=0.000）. The index of vascular stenosis in chronic rejection group was higher than that in atRAtreated group（62.86±17.18 vs. 40.10±8.20）. Vascular stenosis in atRAtreated group alleviated significantly, and there was significant difference between two groups（t=3.913, P=0.006）. The PCNA positive cells in chronic rejection group were obviously more than that in atRAtreated group（60.17±17.74 vs. 33.96±8.65）, and there was significant difference between two groups（t=5.387, P≤0.001）. There was a positive correlation between the PCNA positive cell ratio and the index of vascular stenosis（r=0.854, P=0.007）. Conclusion Alltrans retinoic acid can inhibit vascular disease after heart transplantation by cell proliferative pathway.
In recent years, the incidence of primary liver cancer has been increasing, among which hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) being the most common subtype. The treatment of early HCC is mainly surgery, but most patients are not diagnosed until the late stage of the disease. The treatment methods and effects are very limited and the prognosis is very poor. Although targeted therapy has prolonged the overall survival of patients with HCC, the overall efficacy is unsatisfactory. The emergence of immunotherapy has brought new therapeutic prospects for HCC. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, among which programmed death-1/programmed death ligand-1 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen-4 are the representative immunological checkpoints, have attracted more attention. This article will introduce the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of advanced HCC, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of advanced HCC.
Epstein-Barr (EB) virus infection is associated with various tumors of lymphoid and epithelial origin. EB virus exists in most humans as a latent infection. EB virus latent infection-related genes play a key role in the EB virus latent infection, and also play an important role in promoting the occurrence and development of related tumors. This article will briefly introduce the characteristics of EB virus latent infection, the protein coding genes and non-coding genes related to EB virus latent infection (including EB virus nuclear antigen genes, EB virus latent membrane protein genes, EB virus encoded small RNA genes and EB virus microRNA genes), and the main functional mechanism of these EB virus latent infection-related genes in EB virus latent infection and subsequent tumorigenesis. The purpose is to providea theoretical basis for a comprehensive understanding of the EB virus latent infection and the mechanism of tumors caused by EB virus.
【Abstract】Objective To compare the reliability of serum tumour specific growth factor (TSGF) with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the diagnosis of tumour. Methods The patients were divided into two groups according to malignancy and benignity. In benignity, the patients were subdivided into inflammatory and non-inflammatory groups. The levels of TSGF and CEA in the two groups were measured. Results The positive rate of TSGF and CEA in malignant group was 67.41% and 38.84% respectively; that in benign was 24.56% and 2.63% respectively, in which the inflammatory group was 32.35% and 5.88% respectively, and in non-inflammatory group was 18.25% and 0% respectively. The positive rate of TSGF and CEA was higher in malignant than in benign group (P＜0.005). The positive rate of TSGF was higher than CEA in malignant (P＜0.005) and inflammatory group (P＜0.005). Conclusion Serum TSGF is a useful blood marker in the diagnosis of patients with malignancy, and is a more sensitive and broad-spectrum marker than CEA for the diagnosis of tumours. CEA is more specific than TSGF for the diagnosis of tumours. Combined measurement both TSGF and CEA will enhance the diagnostic rate.
ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the association between human leukocyte antigen DQ (HLA-DQ) gene rs2856718A>G, rs9275572A>G polymorphisms and the risk of chronic hepatitis B. MethodsPubMed, EMbase, CBM, WanFang Data, CNKI and VIP databases were systematically searched from inception to April 2015 to collect case-control studies about HLA-DQ gene polymorphisms and the risk of chronic hepatitis B. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Then, meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software, and Stata 12.0 software was used for sensitivity and publication bias analysis. ResultsA total of 6 papers involving 8 case-control studies were included, which involved 3 690 cases and 6 267 controls. The results of meta-analysis showed that:the rs2856718A>G polymorphism was associated with the decreased risk of chronic hepatitis B (AG+GG vs. AA:OR=0.63, 95%CI 0.51 to 0.78, P=0.000; GG vs. AG+AA:OR=0.69, 95%CI 0.61 to 0.79, P=0.000; GG vs. AA:OR=0.56, 95%CI 0.48 to 0.64, P=0.000; GA vs. AA:OR=0.64, 95%CI 0.47 to 0.88, P=0.006; G vs. A:OR=0.74, 95%CI 0.68 to 0.79, P=0.000). The rs9275572A>G polymorphism was not associated with the risk of chronic hepatitis B (AG+GG vs. AA:OR=1.11, 95%CI 0.55 to 2.23, P=0.770; GG vs. AG+AA:OR=1.10, 95%CI 0.84 to 1.45, P=0.500; GG vs. AA:OR=1.14, 95%CI 0.54 to 2.41, P=0.730; AG vs. AA:OR=1.06, 95%CI 0.56 to 2.02, P=0.860; G vs. A:OR=1.11, 95%CI 0.83 to 1.48, P=0.490). ConclusionHLA-DQ gene rs2856718 A>G polymorphism is significantly associated with decreased risk of chronic hepatitis B, but the rs9271319 A>G polymorphism is not associated with the risk of chronic hepatitis B.
OBJECTIVE The expression and distribution of human blood type A, B, O antigens in Chinese Neijiang porcine were investigated. METHODS The anti-human blood type A, B, H monoclonal antibodies were used as the primary antibody, and the immunohistochemistry EnVision technique was used to detect the expression of A, B, H antigens in tissues from 10 pigs. RESULTS The B and H antigens were not found in all 10 pigs’ tissues investigated. While the A antigen was found in all above tissues except vascular endothelial cells. CONCLUSION The A antigen did not exist on vascular endothelial cells, so it did not play a role as a hyperactive antigens in pig to human xenotransplantation. However, in other tissues it might play roles in acute cellular rejection or chronic rejection. The future study on its role in pig to human xenotransplantation was needed. The expression of human blood type antigens in Neijiang pigs was different from other pig strains reported, it was suggested that it was possible to find a pig strain that contained less xenoantigen.