ObjectiveTo summarize the current research progress of serum exosome microRNAs in patients with colorectal cancer.MethodsThe domestic and foreign literatures related to serum exosome microRNAs of colorectal cancer patients, which had been reported in recent years were collected through literature search. Subsequently, those literatures were used to read and review.ResultsExosomes were extracellular vesicles, which contained lipids, proteins, DNA, RNA (mRNA, microRNA, and long non-coding RNA), and other molecules. These vesicles mediated communication between cells by transporting the above molecules. Exosomes in serum were the main carriers of microRNAs in the blood circulation system. Serum exosome microRNAs could affect the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of colorectal cancer cells, mediate the drug resistance of colorectal cancer cells, and could be used as biomarkers to predict the prognosis of colorectal cancer.ConclusionsSerum exosome microRNAs play important role in the occurrence, development, treatment, and diagnosis of colorectal cancer. As a class of biomarker, serum exosome microRNAs have great potential in the early diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of colorectal cancer.
Genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (GEFS+) is a new type of genetic epilepsy syndrome with a marked hereditary tendency. Febrile seizure is the most common clinical symptom, followed by febrile seizure plus, and with/without absence seizures, focal seizures, and generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Results of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), exon sequencing and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis showed that the occurrence of GEFS+ is mainly related to the mutation of gamma aminobutyric acid type A receptor gamma 2 subunit (GABRG2), but its pathogenesis was still unclear. The main types of GABRG2 mutations include missense mutation, nonsense mutation, frameshift mutation, point mutation and splice site mutation. All these types of mutations can reduce the function of ion channels on cell membrane, but the degree and mechanism of dysfunction are different, which may be the main mechanism of epilepsy. This article will focus on the relationship between GEFS+ and the mutation types of GABRG2 in recent years, which is of great significance for clinical accurate diagnosis, anti-epileptic treatment strategy and new drug development.
ObjectiveTo explore the short-term efficacy and safety of Ozaki surgery in treating adult patients with aortic valve disease and to summarize clinical experience. MethodsClinical data of adult patients with aortic valve disease who underwent Ozaki surgery in the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital of Capital Medical University Nanchong Branch in 2025 were collected, and the effectiveness and safety of Ozaki surgery were analyzed. ResultsA total of 5 patients were included, including 3 males and 2 females, with an average age of (47.80±12.99) years. One patient was aortic stenosis, 2 patients were aortic regurgitation, and 2 patients were aortic stenosis combined with regurgitation. Two patients underwent isolated Ozaki surgery, 1 patient underwent Ozaki+coronary artery bypass surgery, and 2 cases underwent Ozaki+mitral valve plasty+tricuspid valve plasty. The average operation time was (6.70±1.25) hours. The average extracorporeal circulation time was (217.20±59.47) minutes, the average aortic cross-clamping time was (153.60±45.71) minutes, the average postoperative ventilator support time was (25.00±11.79) hours, the average intensive care unit stay was (2.43±1.30) days, and the average postoperative hospital stay was (11.20±1.92) days. The postoperative average aortic valve flow rate was (1.70±0.26) m/s, and the average transvalve pressure gradient was (11.00±1.87) mm Hg. Postoperatively, 3 patients had no aortic regurgitation, and 2 patients had trace regurgitation. Postoperative complications included pulmonary infection in 3 patients, severe pneumonia in 1 patient, liver function damage in 4 patients, and renal function damage in 3 patients. No patients experienced arrhythmias or other complications. All 5 patients recovered and were discharged, and their cardiac function significantly improved postoperatively compared to preoperatively (P<0.001), with both left ventricle (P=0.047) and left atrium (P=0.016) reduced in size. ConclusionThe short-term results of Ozaki surgery for adult patients with aortic valve disease are satisfied, but long-term outcomes still need further exploration.
ObjectiveTo analyze the disease burden trend of non-rheumatic degenerative mitral valve disease (NR-DMVD) in China from 1990 to 2023 and compare it with global, US, and Indian levels. MethodsBased on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2023 database, data on incidence, mortality, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for NR-DMVD were extracted. Joinpoint regression, decomposition analysis, and autoregressive integrated moving average model (ARIMA) were used to analyze trends, drivers, and project burden to 2040. ResultsIn 2023, China's age-standardized DALY rate (2.56/100 000) and mortality rate (0.037/100 000) for NR-DMVD were significantly lower than those in the United States, India, and globally, while its age-standardized incidence rate (10.39/100 000) and prevalence rate (126.03/100 000) showed slow increases. From 1990 to 2023, the estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) for China's age-standardized DALY rate and mortality rate were –2.11% [95%CI (–2.25%, –1.98%)] and –4.54% [95%CI (–4.92%, –4.16%)], respectively, while the incidence rate and prevalence rate continued to rise; India showed increasing trends in all burden indicators. Decomposition analysis indicated that population aging was the primary driver of the increase in DALYs and prevalence cases, while epidemiological improvement was the key factor that led to the reduction in the number of deaths. Joinpoint analysis revealed that China's age-standardized DALY rate and mortality rate declined most rapidly during 2000-2013. ARIMA models projected that China's prevalence rate would continue to rise and mortality rate would continue to decline through 2040. ConclusionNR-DMVD in China exhibits a dual-track pattern of "declining mortality but rising prevalence", driven by population aging. A tiered prevention and control system focusing on the elderly and high-risk male groups is needed.