ObjectiveTo investigate the influence of norepinephrine on pulmonary vessel pressure in animal model of septic shock. MethodsTwelve health mongrel dogs were randomly divided into a control group (n=5, intravenously injected with normal saline 1 mL/kg) and an endotoxin group(n=7, intravenously injected with lipopolysaccharide 1 mg/kg). When the systemic blood pressure decreased by more than 40% of baseline before administration, the dogs in two groups were intravenously injected with NE 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0μg·kg-1·min-1. The interval of each dose was more than 10 minutes. The changes of the pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), pulmonary venous pressure (PVP), and systemic arterial rressure (SAP) were recorded and compared between two groups. ResultsIn the control group, PAP didn't change significantly after administration (P < 0.05), however, PVP increased obviously after NE administration in dose of 2.0 and 5.0μg·kg-1·min-1 (P < 0.05), and SAP increased obviously after NE administration in dose of 1.0, 2.0 and 5.0μg·kg-1·min-1 (P < 0.01). In the endotoxin group, PAP increased obviously after NE administration in dose of 2.0 and 5.0μg·kg-1·min-1 (P < 0.05), while PVP didn't change significantly (P > 0.05), and SAP increased obviously after NE administration in dose of 1.0, 2.0 and 5.0μg·kg-1·min-1 (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in SAP (P < 0.05), not in PAP and PVP (P > 0.05), between two groups after NE administration at dose of 1.0, 2.0 and 5.0μg·kg-1·min-1. The PVP/SAP and PAP/SAP values didn't change significantly after administration in the control group (P > 0.05). In the endotoxin group, the PVP/SAP and PAP/SAP values increased significantly after LPS administration, and decreased slightly after NE administration in dose of 2.0 and 5.0μg·kg-1·min-1 (P < 0.05). ConclusionsNE administration in septic shock can not increase the angiotasis of the pulmonary vein. NE administration in dose of 2.0 and 5.0μg·kg-1·min-1 can cause the increase of PAP and SAP, but the increase of PAP is lower than the increase of SAP.
ObjectiveTo explore the effects of metoprolol on hemodynamics of early septic shock patients with myocardial injury. MethodsWe prospectively recruited 22 septic shock patients with myocardial injury, who were admitted to the ICU of Xiaolan Hospital during March 2014 and February 2015.The metoprolol was injected through central venous catheter to reduce heart rate by 20% from baseline and maintain for 6h.Hemodynamic and oxygen metabolic parameters were collected to establish database. ResultsHeart rate decreased significantly to (98±18), (95±16) and (92±18) beat/min respectively at 1h, 3h and 6h post-dosing, compared with (125±28) beat/min at pre-dosing (P < 0.05).Cardiac index decreased significantly to (3.2±1.5), (3.3±1.9) and (3.3±1.6) L·min-1·m-2 respectively at 1h, 3h and 6h post-dosing, compared with (3.9±2.5) L·min-1·m-2 at pre-dosing (P < 0.05).The mean blood pressure, central venous pressure, pulmonary artery wedge pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance index, systemic vascular resistance index and stroke volume index showed no significant changes between pre-dosing and post-dosing (all P > 0.05). Lactate concentration decreased significantly to (9.8±4.1) and (8.1±3.6)mmol/L respectively at 3h and 6h post-dosing, compared with (13.4±5.2)mmol/L at pre-dosing (all P < 0.05), but mixed venous oxygen saturation showed no significant changes (P > 0.05). ConclusionMetoprolol may reduce heart rate and cardiac output in septic shock patients with myocardial injury, without obvious adverse effects on circulatory function and systemic perfusion.
Objective To systemically review the efficacy and safety of dopamine versus norepinephrine in patients with septic shock. Methods Database searches of MEDLINE, EMbase, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, VIP, CNKI, and CBM (from the date of database establishment to June 2011) were conducted. Additional studies for collecting relevant data were retrieved via both references of articles and direct contact with authors. Prospectively, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of dopamine compared with norepinephrine therapy in septic shock patients were selected. The quality of included trials was assessed and relevant data were extracted. Then statistical analysis was performed using RevMan 5.1. Results Nine trials with 3 179 participants were included. The results of meta-analysis showed: compared with norepinephrine, dopamine was associated with a significant 12% elevation in the risk ratio of in-hospital death events of septic shock patients (RR=1.12, 95%CI 1.04 to 1.21, P=0.002). The risk of arrhythmias in dopamine group was 2.63-fold than that in norepinephrine group (RR=2.63, 95%CI 1.51 to 4.55, P=0.000 6). The cardiac index of septic patients in dopamine group was higher than that in norepinephrine group (MD=0.42, 95%CI 0.21 to 0.63, Plt;0.000 1). No significant difference could be found in the heart rate (MD=17.05, 95%CI –0.71 to 34.81, P=0.06) and mean arterial pressure (MD= –0.87, 95%CI –24.97 to 7.62, P=0.30). Conclusion Findings from this meta-analysis suggest that compared with dopamine, norepinephrine significantly reduces both 28-day mortality of septic shock patients and incidence rate of arrhythmias. Norepinephrine is better than dopamine in aspects of efficacy and safety.
Objective To investigate the value of extravascular lung water index ( EVLWI) and intrathoracic blood volume index ( ITBVI) monitoring in fluid management of severe pneumonia patients with sepsis shock.Methods A prospective controlled study was conducted in106 patients who were diagnosed as severe pneumonia with sepsis shock in intensive care unit fromJanuary 2010 to February 2013. 54 patients who received pulse indicator continuous output ( PiCCO) monitoring were enrolled into the EVLWI + ITBVI group, and EVLWI and ITBVI were used as indicator of fluid management. 52 patients who received central venous pressure ( CVP) as indicator of traditional fluid managementwere enrolled into the control group. The time and the rate to achieve early goal-directed therapy ( EGDT) target were compared between two groups. Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ ( APACHE Ⅱ ) , sepsis related organ failure assessment ( SOFA) , noradrenaline dosage, serumlactic acid, serum creatinine were compared between 1 day and 3 days after treatment. The characteristics of fluid management were recorded and compared within 72 hours. Mechanical ventilation ratio, duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU stay and 28-day mortality were compared between two groups. Results The ratio of achieving EGDT target in 6 hours was significantly higher in the EVLWI + ITBVI group than that in the control group ( 75.9% vs. 55.7% , Plt;0.05) , whereas the time and the ratio to achieve EGDT target in 24 hours were not statistically different. APACHE Ⅱ, SOFA, norepinephrine dosage, serum lactate were significantly decreased 3 days after treatment in the EVLWI + ITBVI group, but did not change significantly in the control group. On3 days after treatment, serumcreatinine was increased in the control group, and did not change significantly in the EVLWI + ITBVI group. The fluid intake and fluid balance volume during 0-6 hours period were significantly higher in the EVLWI + ITBVI group than those in the control group ( Plt;0.05) , but showed no difference ( Pgt;0.05) in other periods. Mechanical ventilation ratio, duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU stay and 28-days mortality were significantly lower in the EVLWI + ITBVI group compared with the control group ( Plt;0.05) . Conclusion Compared with CVP, ITBVI and EVLWI can more accurately assess and guide fluid management in severe pneumonia patients with septic shock with less duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU stay and mortality.
【摘要】 目的 探討微創經皮腎鏡碎石術后并發感染性休克的原因和防治措施。 方法 回顧性分析2005年1月-2010年12月5例經皮腎鏡術300例，其中術后并發感染性休克5例的臨床資料。男1例，女4例，均表現為術后2~8 h內出現寒戰、高熱、煩燥不安，血壓降至80/50 mm Hg（1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa）以下，心率超過120次/min。所有患者均行抗感染和抗休克治療。 結果 所有患者均在72 h內停用升壓藥，1周內體溫及血常規恢復正常，術后15 d治愈出院。 結論 感染性休克是微創經皮腎鏡碎石術嚴重的并發癥之一，術前有效抗感染、術中低壓灌注、術后加強生命體征的監測、早期發現并合理處理，可有效防治感染性休克的發生。【Abstract】 Objective To explore the etiology and treatment of septic shock after percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Methods From Janurary 2005 to December 2010, the clinical data of five patients with septic shock after percutaneous nephrolithotomy in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The patients, including one male and four females, had chillness and high temperature after the nephrolithotomy. The blood pressure decreased to under 80/50 mm Hg （1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa）, and the heart rate was more than 120 per minute. All patients underwent anti-shock and anti-infection therapies rapidly. Results Five patients were cured in the end, their temperature and blood routine tests returned to normal within one week. Conclusions Septic shock is one of the serious complications after percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Effective preoperative preparation, low pressure irrigation during operation, early diagnosis and treatment postoperatively are the effective ways to prevent the septic shock.
目的通過漂浮導管（Swan-Ganz導管）監測外周血管阻力指數（SVRI）作為優化的心功能不全狀態下感染性休克早期目標導向治療（EGDT）的臨床意義。 方法2012年1月至2014年1月第四軍醫大學附屬西京醫院心血管外科ICU收治體外循環心臟術后感染性休克患者8例，其中男7例、女1例，年齡（50.9±11.1）歲。以中心靜脈壓（CVP）為復蘇目標行經驗性容量復蘇治療，循環未見改善，則實施漂浮（Swan-Ganz）導管監測血流動力學指標，以外周血管阻力指數（SVRI）為優化目標復蘇，觀察Swan-Ganz導管復蘇前及復蘇6 h、24 h后的血流動力學及氧代謝指標，分析復蘇達標所需時間。 結果8例患者平均住ICU時間（16.87±3.35）d，發生肺部并發癥8例，急性腎功能衰竭5例，急性肝功能衰竭1例，消化道出血1例。6例28 d后病情好轉存活，死亡2例。8例感染性休克患者經Swan-Ganz導管目標導向治療6 h和24 h后平均動脈壓（MAP）分別為（65.8±2.76）mm Hg、（67.8±3.79）mm Hg，中心靜脈壓（CVP）分別為（12.75±3.37）cm H2O、（9.75±2.86）cm H2O，心排血量指數（CI）分別為（2.36±0.12）L·min-1·m-2、（2.41±0.39）L·min-1·m-2，外周血管阻力指數（SVRI）分別為（1 892.60±2 294.62）dyn·s·m2·cm-5、（2 053.90±205.54）dyn·s·m2·cm-5，各項指標均較治療前升高；治療6 h和24 h后動脈血乳酸分別為（11.83±1.16）mmol/L、（6.47±2.59）mmol/L，較治療前[（14.98±0.45）mmol/L]下降。 結論采用Swan-Ganz導管監測SVRI作為優化目標導向治療心功能不全狀態下感染性休克可以提高6 h復蘇成功率，改善患者預后。
ObjectiveTo explore the value of inferior vena cava inspiratory collapsibility (ΔIVC) in guiding septic shock resuscitation with early goal-directed therapy (EGDT).MethodsA single center, randomized controlled trial was conducted at an 812-bed hospital in Mianyang, Sichuan. Adult patients with early septic shock in the intensive care unit were assessed and treated at defined intervals over 6 h using an ΔIVC-guided resuscitation protocol or an EGDT protocol. Feasibility outcomes were fluid balance and norepinephrine administration. The primary clinical outcomes were in-hospital mortality rate, 90-day survival rate. Secondary outcomes included incidence of acute kidney injury and consumption of health resources.ResultsSixty-eight patients with septic shock were enrolled in this study. Baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups. The ΔIVC-guided septic shock resuscitation group was lower than the EGDT group in the ICU 24 h fluid replacement (L): 3.8 (4.0, 5.3) vs. 4.7 (4.0, 6.6), 72 h liquid positive balance (L): 0.2 (–0.65, 1.2) vs. 2.5 (0.0, 4.1), intensive care unit length of stay (d): 7.5 (5.0, 14.0) vs. 15.0 (7.0, 21.5), mechanical ventilation cumulative time (d): 3.0 (0.0, 7.0) vs. 7.5 (2.2, 12.0), ICU costs (ten thousand yuan): 3.4 (2.1, 5.9) vs. 8.6 (4.2, 16.5), bedside blood purification treatment costs (ten thousand yuan): 2.3 (1.1, 3.3) vs. 6.8 (2.1, 10.0) (P<0.05). No difference was observed in the incidence of acute kidney injury (P > 0.05), in-hospital mortality and 90-day survival between the two groups (log-rank χ2=0.35, P>0.05).ConclusionsAmong patients with septic shock, a ΔIVC-guided septic shock resuscitation, compared with EGDT, did not reduce in-hospital mortality. It might prevent the risk of over resuscitation, shorten the duration of mechanical ventilation, and lead to a better utilization of intensive care unit resources.
目的 探討早期堿剩余對感染性休克患者病情嚴重程度的預測價值。 方法 對2009年2月－2011年2月資料完整入院的感染性休克患者60例進行回顧性分析，按死亡及存活進行分組，對最初24 h的堿剩余值差異及血乳酸清除率情況進行對照研究。 結果 死亡組堿剩余值變化及乳酸清除率低于存活組（P＜0.05）。治療后堿剩余≤?6 mmol/L較堿剩余＞?6 mmol/L的患者病死率明顯增加，尤其是治療后24 h 堿剩余仍≤?6 mmol/L病死率高達92.23%。 結論 早期堿剩余有助于感染性休克預后評估和指導臨床治療。