This article aims to review the recall of refecoxib which increases the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and to find the methods to solve problems in post marked monitoring of drug safety.
Based on the capacitance coupling principle, we studied a capacitive way of non-contact electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring, making it possible to obtain ECG on the condition that a patient is habilimented. Conductive fabric with a good electrical conductivity was used as electrodes. The electrodes fixed on a bed sheet is presented in this paper. A capacitance comes into being as long as the body gets close to the surface of electrode, sandwiching the cotton cushion, which acts as dielectric. The surface potential generated by heart is coupled to electrodes through the capacitance. After being processed, the signal is suitable for monitoring. The test results show that 93.5% of R wave could be detected for 9 volunteers and ECG with good signal quality could be acquired for 2 burnt patients. Non-contact ECG is harmless to skin, and it has advantages for those patients to whom stickup electrodes are not suitable. On the other hand, it is convenient to use and good for permanent monitoring.
To introduce a micturition alert device dedicated to neurogenic bladders. Methods The design and mechanism of the micturition alert device were explained, the effectiveness was tested in a cranine experiment. Results The micturition alert device consisted of a permanent magnet sutured on the anterior bladder wall and a warning unit sutured on theinferior abdominal wall. The warning unit was assembled with a compass-l ike switch, a power supply, a buzzer and a power switch. Bladder volume determined the position of the magnet which determined the magnetic field at the point of the warning unit. The change of magnetic field was read by the warning unit. With increasing bladder volume from initial state to 200 mL in 8 dogs, the magnet moved cranially 32.8 mm averagely (from 31.3 mm to 34.1 mm) and the hand of warning unit turned 52° (from 47° to 57°). The value of the warning unit was correlated positively to the bladder volume (r =1.0, P lt; 0.01）. If the desired bladder volume was determined as 150 mL to activate the warning unit to alarm in advance, the fullness of bladder was 147.6 mL averagely from135 mL to 160 mL, with an error less than 15 mL (10%). Conclusion The micturition alert device including a warning unit and permanent magnet could monitor bladder volume continuously and alarm in time for the patients with loss of micturition desire. It is simple, easily-made, cheap and conveniently used. It is worth of further study.
ObjectiveTo understand the characteristics of and risk factors for nosocomial infection in a newly built branch of a university teaching hospital, in order to investigate the control measures for prevention and control of nosocomial infection. MethodsA total of 598 cases of nosocomial infection from April 2012 to June 2014 were enrolled in this study. We analyzed statistically such indexes as nosocomial infection rate, infection site, pathogen detection, and use of antibiotics. Meantime, infection point-prevalence survey was introduced by means of medical record checking and bedside visiting. ResultsAmong all the 44 085 discharged patients between April 2012 and June 2014, there were 598 cases of nosocomial infection with an infection rate of 1.36%. Departments with a high nosocomial infection rate included Intensive Care Unit (ICU) (9.79%), Department of Orthopedics (2.98%), Department of Geriatrics (2.62%), and Department of Hematology (1.64%). The top four nosocomial infection sites were lower respiratory tract (45.32%), urinary tract (13.21%), operative incision (8.86%), and blood stream (8.86%). The samples of 570 nosocomial infections were delivered for examination with a sample-delivering rate of 95.32%. The most common pathogens were acinetobacter Baumanii (17.02%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.21%), Escherichia coli (13.68%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11.93%), and Staphylococcus aureus (9.12%). And urinary tract intubation (42.81%), admission of ICU (28.60%), and application of corticosteroid and immunosuppressive agents (26.42%) were the top three independent risk factors for nosocomial infection. ConclusionGeneral and comprehensive monitoring is an effective method for the hospital to detect high-risk departments, factors and patients for nosocomial infection, providing a theoretical basis for prevention and control of nosocomial infection.
Real-time continuous glucose monitoring can help diabetics to control blood sugar levels within the normal range. However, in the process of practical monitoring, the output of real-time continuous glucose monitoring system is susceptible to glucose sensor and environment noise, which will influence the measurement accuracy of the system. Aiming at this problem, a dual-calibration algorithm for the moving-window double-layer filtering algorithm combined with real-time self-compensation calibration algorithm is proposed in this paper, which can realize the signal drift compensation for current data. And a real-time continuous glucose monitoring instrument based on this study was designed. This real-time continuous glucose monitoring instrument consisted of an adjustable excitation voltage module, a current-voltage converter module, a microprocessor and a wireless transceiver module. For portability, the size of the device was only 40 mm × 30 mm × 5 mm and its weight was only 30 g. In addition, a communication command code algorithm was designed to ensure the security and integrity of data transmission in this study. Results of experiments in vitro showed that current detection of the device worked effectively. A 5-hour monitoring of blood glucose level in vivo showed that the device could continuously monitor blood glucose in real time. The relative error of monitoring results of the designed device ranged from 2.22% to 7.17% when comparing to a portable blood meter.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility to use ultrasonic cardiac output monitoring (USCOM) for patients after coronary artery bypass grafting. MethodsClinical data of 32 patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting in General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region between April and June 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 17 male and 15 female patients with their age of 46-76 (63.2±7.6) years. USCOM and pulmonary artery catheterization (PAC) were used to measure cardiac output (CO) synchronously,and the results were compared between USCOM and PAC. ResultsSixty-four pairs of data were collected from those 32 patients. No adverse event was observed with either USCOM or PAC. Mean CO was 4.27±0.92 L/min with USCOM and 4.49±0.75 L/min with PAC respectively,which were not statistically different (P=0.12) but significantly correlated (r=0.84,P<0.001). ConclusionThere is close correlation between USCOM and PAC for CO measurement. USCOM can not only measure CO accurately,but also has the advantages of being noninvasive,easy to perform and low cost.
The monitoring of pregnant women is very important. It plays an important role in reducing fetal mortality, ensuring the safety of perinatal mother and fetus, preventing premature delivery and pregnancy accidents. At present, regular examination is the mainstream method for pregnant women's monitoring, but the means of examination out of hospital is scarce, and the equipment of hospital monitoring is expensive and the operation is complex. Using intelligent information technology (such as machine learning algorithm) can analyze the physiological signals of pregnant women, so as to realize the early detection and accident warning for mother and fetus, and achieve the purpose of high-quality monitoring out of hospital. However, at present, there are not enough public research reports related to the intelligent processing methods of out-of-hospital monitoring for pregnant women, so this paper takes the out-of-hospital monitoring for pregnant women as the research background, summarizes the public research reports of intelligent processing methods, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the existing research methods, points out the possible problems, and expounds the future development trend, which could provide reference for future related researches.
Patients with cardiac diseases undergoing non-cardiac surgery have high risk and mortality. Management of these kind of patients is complicated and difficult. Appropriate use of circulation monitoring is good for clinical decision making and prognosis improvement. This article reviews the circulation monitoring technologies for patients with cardiac diseases undergoing non-cardiac surgeries from pressure monitoring, haemodynamics monitoring and cardiac structure and function monitoring. To choose suitable circulation monitor individually according to advantages, disadvantages and interference factors of every technology, the comorbidities and surgical characteristics can provide references for clinical decision making.
With the intensification of global aging trends and the continuous rise in the incidence of chronic diseases, the demand for health monitoring and early intervention has become increasingly urgent. Owing to their non-invasive nature, portability, and comfort, flexible wearable sensors have emerged as a key technology driving the development of personalized healthcare. Starting from specific application scenarios in health monitoring, this article systematically reviews recent research advances in flexible sensors within the healthcare field. Firstly, it outlines the design fundamentals of flexible sensors. This is followed by a focused analysis of their specific applications in monitoring vital signs, biochemical markers, as well as motion and neural activities, along with an in-depth exploration of the clinical significance, technical challenges, and targeted solutions in different scenarios. Finally, the current technical bottlenecks and clinical challenges are summarized, and an outlook on the future development of health monitoring systems is provided. This review aims to provide a systematic reference for the deep integration of flexible electronics technology and medicine.
Currently, monitoring system of awareness of the depth of anesthesia has been more and more widely used in clinical practices. The intelligent evaluation algorithm is the key technology of this type of equipment. On the basis of studies about changes of electroencephalography (EEG) features during anesthesia, a discussion about how to select reasonable EEG parameters and classification algorithm to monitor the depth of anesthesia has taken place. A scheme which combines time domain analysis, frequency domain analysis and the variability of EEG and decision tree as classifier and least squares to compute Depth of anesthesia Index (DOAI) is proposed in this paper. Using the EEG of 40 patients who underwent general anesthesia with propofol, and the classification and the score of the EEG annotated by anesthesiologist, we verified this scheme with experiments. Classification and scoring was based on a combination of modified observer assessment of alertness/sedation (MOAA/S), and the changes of EEG parameters of patients during anesthesia. Then we used the BIS index to testify the validation of the DOAI. Results showed that Pearson's correlation coefficient between the DOAI and the BIS over the test set was 0.89. It is demonstrated that the method is feasible and has good accuracy.