ObjectiveTo summarize the diagnosis and measurement methods of bone defect in anterior shoulder instability (glenoid bone defect and Hill-Sachs lesion).MethodsThe related literature on the diagnosis and measurement of the bone defect in anterior shoulder instability was reviewed and summarized.ResultsThe commonly used techniques for the diagnosis of anterior glenoid bone defect and Hill-Sachs lesion of humeral head include X-ray, CT, MRI, arthroscopy, arthrography. The methods for measuring the degree of anterior glenoid bone defect include Griffith method, glenoid index method, Pico method, and best-fit circle method. The indexes for measuring the Hill-Sachs lesion include the length, width, depth, and volume. X-ray is mainly used for primary screening. Best-fit circle method on three-dimensional (3D) CT reconstruction is commonly used to measure the glenoid bone defect currently. Glenoid track theory on 3D CT reconstruction is popular in recent years. Reliability of measuring the glenoid bone defect and Hill-Sachs lesion with MRI and arthroscopy is still debatable. Arthrography is more and more used in the diagnosis of shoulder joint instability of bone defect and concomitant soft tissue injury.ConclusionHow to improve the accuracy of evaluating glenoid bone defect and Hill-Sachs lesion before surgery still need further study.
ObjectiveTo evaluate immediate outcomes of 8-0 Prolene sutures for distal anastomosis during off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB). MethodsA total of 101 patients who underwent OPCAB in Department of Cardiac Surgery of Beijing Anzhen Hospital in 2010 and 2012 respectively were enrolled in this study. There were 87 male and 14 female patients with their age of 46-82 (61.35±8.24)years. All the 36 patients in 2010 received 7-0 Prolene sutures for distal anastomosis, and the 65 patients in 2012 received 8-0 Prolene sutures for distal anastomosis. After anastomosis, transit time flow measurement was used to measure blood flow indexes of graft vessels[left internal mammary artery (LIMA)and saphenous vein (SV)] including blood flow volume (BFV), pulsatility index (PI)and diastolic filling fraction (DF), which were compared between patients receiving 7-0 and 8-0 Prolene sutures. ResultsBFV of LIMA grafts with 8-0 Prolene sutures (n=44)was significantly larger than that with 7-0 Prolene sutures (n=30)[ (33.70±21.13)ml/min vs. (27.50±17.34)ml/min, P=0.032], while PI of LIMA grafts with 8-0 Prolene sutures was significantly smaller than that with 7-0 Prolene sutures (2.15±0.69 vs. 2.58±1.01, P=0.047). BFV and PI of SV grafts with 8-0 Prolene sutures (n=21) were not statistically different from those with 7-0 Prolene sutures (n=6)[ (34.19±16.00)ml/min vs. (29.00±15.48)ml/min, P > 0.05;2.07±0.53 vs. 1.95±0.55, P > 0.05]. DF of all the grafts was greater than 50%, and there was no statistical difference in DF between the 2 groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion8-0 Prolene sutures for LIMA-to-left anterior descending artery can improve BFV and decrease PI of LIMA grafts, which reflects better immediate graft patency of the distal anastomosis and helps improve surgical success rate and long-term prognosis.
A digital system for bioimpedance and electrical impedance tomography (EIT) measurement controlled by an ATmega16 microcontroller was constructed in our laboratory. There are eight digital electrodes using AD5933 to measure the impedance of the targets, and the data is transmitted to the computer wirelessly through nRF24L01. The structure of the system, circuit design, system testing, vitro measurements of animals' tissues and electrical impedance tomography are introduced specifically in this paper. The experimental results showed that the system relative error was 0.42%, and the signal noise ratio was 76.3 dB. The system not only can be used to measure the impedance by any two electrodes within the frequency of 1-100 kHz in a sweep scanning, but also can reconstruct the images of EIT. The animal experiments showed that the data was valid and plots were fitting with Cole-Cole theory. The testing verified the feasibility and effectiveness of the system. The images reconstructed of a salt-water tank are satisfactory and match with the actual distribution of the tank. The system improves the effectiveness of the front-end measuring signal and the stability of the system greatly.
Based on repeated experiments as well as continuous researching and improving, an efficient scheme to measure velocity and displacement of the coxa and knee movements based on video image processing technique is presented in this paper. The scheme performed precise and real-time quantitative measurements of 2D velocity or displacement of the coxa and knee using a video camera mounted on one side of the healing and training beds. The beds were based on simplified pinhole projection model. In addition, we used a special-designed auxiliary calibration target, composed by 24 circle points uniformly located on two concentric circles and two straight rods which can rotate freely along the concentric center within the vertical plane, to do the measurements. Experiments carried out in our laboratory showed that the proposed scheme could basically satisfy the requirements about precision and processing speed of such kind of system, and would be very suitable to be applied to smart evaluation/training and healing system for muscles/balance function disability as an advanced and intuitional helping method.
As the incidence of osteoporosis (OP) is increasing year by year, high morbidity and mortality caused by osteoporotic fractures have become major problems of health in China and over the world. Quantitative measurement of bone using 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) provides global or local information of skeletal metabolism or transformation. In this paper, we make a brief review on the quantitative measurement of bone using 99mTc-MDP and expect to provide guidance for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Objective To recognize the different phases of Korotkoff sounds through deep learning technology, so as to improve the accuracy of blood pressure measurement in different populations. Methods A classification model of the Korotkoff sounds phases was designed, which fused attention mechanism (Attention), residual network (ResNet) and bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM). First, a single Korotkoff sound signal was extracted from the whole Korotkoff sounds signals beat by beat, and each Korotkoff sound signal was converted into a Mel spectrogram. Then, the local feature extraction of Mel spectrogram was processed by using the Attention mechanism and ResNet network, and BiLSTM network was used to deal with the temporal relations between features, and full-connection layer network was applied in reducing the dimension of features. Finally, the classification was completed by SoftMax function. The dataset used in this study was collected from 44 volunteers (24 females, 20 males with an average age of 36 years), and the model performance was verified using 10-fold cross-validation. Results The classification accuracy of the established model for the 5 types of Korotkoff sounds phases was 93.4%, which was higher than that of other models. Conclusion This study proves that the deep learning method can accurately classify Korotkoff sounds phases, which lays a strong technical foundation for the subsequent design of automatic blood pressure measurement methods based on the classification of the Korotkoff sounds phases.
Multi-task learning (MTL) has demonstrated significant advantages in the field of physiological signal measurement. This approach enhances the model's generalization ability by sharing parameters and features between similar tasks, even in data-scarce environments. However, traditional multi-task physiological signal measurement methods face challenges such as feature conflicts between tasks, task imbalance, and excessive model complexity, which limit their application in complex environments. To address these issues, this paper proposes an enhanced multi-scale spatiotemporal network (EMSTN) based on Eulerian video magnification (EVM), super-resolution reconstruction and convolutional multilayer perceptron. First, EVM is introduced in the input stage of the network to amplify subtle color and motion changes in the video, significantly improving the model's ability to capture pulse and respiratory signals. Additionally, a super-resolution reconstruction module is integrated into the network to enhance the image resolution, thereby improving detail capture and increasing the accuracy of facial action unit (AU) tasks. Then, convolutional multilayer perceptron is employed to replace traditional 2D convolutions, improving feature extraction efficiency and flexibility, which significantly boosts the performance of heart rate and respiratory rate measurements. Finally, comprehensive experiments on the Binghamton-Pittsburgh 4D Spontaneous Facial Expression Database (BP4D+) fully validate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method in multi-task physiological signal measurement.
ObjectiveTo explore the anthropometric changes of the auricle after auricular cartilage unfolding in moderate concha-type microtia patients, so as to provide the basis to help evaluate surgical timing and prognostic.MethodsA total of 33 children with moderate concha-type microtia, who were treated with auricular cartilage unfolding between October 2016 and September 2018 and met the inclusive criteria, were included in the study. There were 24 boys and 9 girls with an average age of 1.4 years (range, 1-3 years). Sixteen cases were left ears and 17 cases were right ears. The follow-up time was 12-23 months (mean, 17.5 months). The affected auricular detailed structures were observed and quantitatively analyzed before operation and at immediate after operation. The width, length, and perimeter of auricle before operation and at immediate after operation and at last follow-up were noted with three dimensional-scanning technology. The normal auricle was noted as control.ResultsThere were (7.5±1.0) and (11.3±0.8) structures of the affected auricle at pre- and post-operation, respectively, showing significant difference between pre- and post-operation (t=23.279, P=0.000). The length, width, and perimeter of the affected auricle constantly increased after operation, and there were significant differences between pre-operation and immediately after operation and between immediately after operation and last follow-up (P<0.05). The differences of length, width, and perimeter of the affected auricle between immediately after operation and last follow-up were (3.13±1.44), (2.44±0.92), and (8.50±3.76) mm, respectively. And the differences of length, width, and perimeter of the normal auricle between pre-operation and last follow-up were (3.16±1.54), (2.35±0.86), and (9.79±4.60) mm, respectively. There was no significant difference in the differences of length, width, and perimeter between the affected auricle and the normal auricle (P>0.05).ConclusionThe auricular cartilage unfolding in treatment of the moderate concha-type microtia can receive more ear structures and increase auricle sizes, which make it possible for free composite tissue transplantation. In addition, the affected and the contralateral normal auricles have a very similar growth rate and it offers the theoretical foundation for the early treatment for moderate concha-type microtia.
The use of repeated measurement data from patients to improve the classification ability of prediction models is a key methodological issue in the current development of clinical prediction models. This study aims to investigate the statistical modeling approach of the two-stage model in developing prediction models for non-time-varying outcomes using repeated measurement data. Using the prediction of the risk of severe postpartum hemorrhage as a case study, this study presents the implementation process of the two-stage model from various perspectives, including data structure, basic principles, software utilization, and model evaluation, to provide methodological support for clinical investigators.
ObjectiveThrough the analysis on outcome measurements in domestic and overseas randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of smoking cessation, this study aimed to provide references for clinical trial design in the future. MethodsWe searched CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP, PubMed, EMbase, ScienceDirect and SpringLink databases to collect RCTs regarding smoking cessation from January 1998 to December 2013. Two reviewers screened literature according to the inclusive and exclusive criteria, extracted the data, and analyzed the outcome measurements of included RCTs. ResultsA total of 68 RCTs regarding smoking cessation were included. As for the baseline measurements, the frequency from high to low were age, sex, daily cigarette, smoking duration, Fagerstrom Test For Nicotine Dependence (FTND), race and education, etc.; there were significant differences of race, education level, smoking duration, smoking, starting age of smoking, attempts of trying to stop smoking, the presence of other basic disease, FTND and quit date between English and Chinese RCTs (all P<0.05). As for efficacy measurements, the continuous abstinence rate (77.8%) was mainly adopted in Chinese RCTs, while point abstinence rate (95.1%) and continuous abstinence rate (82.9%) was selected in English RCTs. As for the follow-up measurements, 22.1% of the included RCTs did not report it, 70.6% of the RCTs reported abstinence rate, and the follow-up time in Chinese RCTs was shorter than that in the English RCTs (P<0.05). ConclusionThe selection of outcome measurements is significantly different among RCTs regarding smoking cessation, the Chinese RCTs are inferior to English RCTs, and these are needed to be improved in the future clinical trials.