Objective To compare the clinical effects of two surgical approaches to treatment of horseshoe kidney.Methods From January 1965 to December 1982, 15 patients (11 males, 4 females; aged 14 months to 59 years with a median of 31 years) with horseshoe kidney underwent surgical treatment by the waist cretroperitoneal approach (the waist-approach group). The clinical symptoms and signs were as follows:pain in the waist and abdomen (12 patients), hematuria (7), urinary frequency (4), gastrointestinal disorder (3), and abdominal masses (2). The urography revealed urinary calculus in 10 patients, hydronephrosis in 3, renal cyst in 1, pyonephrosis in 1, renal tuberculosis in 1, and renal cell carcinoma in 1. From January 1977 to December 2005, 17patients (15 males, 2 females; aged 11 months to 56 years with a median of 29.4years) with horseshoe kidney underwent surgical treatment by the epigastric transperitoneal approach (theabdomenapproach group). The clinical symptoms and signs were as follows:pain in the waist and abdomen (15patients), hematuria (12), urinary frequency (10), gastrointestinal disorder (9), and abdominal masses (7). Theurography revealed urinary calculus in 12 patients, hydronephrosis in 10,renal cyst in 3, renal tuberculosis in 1, renal cell carcinoma in 1, and congenital spinal bifida in 1. The two surgical approaches were compared in the clinical therapeutic effects. Results There were no statistically significant differences in operating time, blood loss during operation, and the hospitalization after operation between the waistapproach group and the abdomen-approach group (129.59±23.25 min vs. 163.80±36.25min; 495.29±87.20ml vs. 553.00±92.27ml；13.17±1.14d vs. 13.75±0.21d; Pgt;0.05). Thepostoperative followup for 7 months to 6 years in 11 patients in the waistapproach group and in 6 patients in the abdomenapproach group revealed that there were statistically significant differences in postoperative complication and the recurrence rate of the renal calculus between the two groups (11.76%, 2/17 vs 26.67%, 4/15; 33.33%, 5/15 vs. 0, 0/17; Plt;0.05). The urography or CT taken 6 months to 2 years after operation in 4 patients in the waistapproach group and in 10 patients in the abdomenapproach group revealedthat there was a significant improvement hydronephrosis when compared with before operation.
ObjectiveTo explore the effects of different exercise methods on serum short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in type 2 diabetic mice, determine the best exercise method to improve SCFAs in type 2 diabetic mice, and provide a theoretical basis for the preventive intervention for patients with early diabetes.MethodsAccording to different exercise methods, 48 8-week-old male db/db type 2 diabetic mice were randomly divided into four groups, including aerobic exercise group, resistance exercise group, combined resistance- aerobic exercise (referred to as combined exercise) group, and the control group; with 10 mice in each group and another 2 as the substitutes. The mice were fed in the same manner in each group. The control group did not perform exercise intervention, the aerobic exercise group performed weightless running exercise, the resistance exercise group performed tail weight-bearing ladder exercise, and the combined exercise group alternated aerobic exercise and resistance exercise. Blood glucose and body weight were measured before and 8 weeks after the intervention. The content of serum SCFAs in mice was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.ResultsA total of 40 mice completed the experiment successfully. Before the exercise intervention, there was no significant difference in blood glucose or weight among the groups (P>0.05). After 8 weeks of exercise intervention, the blood glucose and weight in each exercise group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05), and the blood glucose and weight in the combined exercise group were significantly lower than those in the aerobic exercise group and the resistance exercise group (P<0.05). The contents of SCFA were higher in the aerobic exercise group, resistance exercise group, and combined exercise group than those in the control group (P<0.05); the contents of acetic acid and butyric acid in the combined exercise group were better than those in the aerobic exercise group (P<0.05), and the contents of propanoic acid and valeric acid in the combined exercise group were better than those in the resistance exercise group (P<0.05).ConclusionsDifferent exercise methods can improve the SCFA content in serum of type 2 diabetic mice. Compared with aerobic exercise and resistance exercise, combined exercise has the best effect in improving SCFA.
Myocardial remodeling is a common pathological physiology change for a variety of heart diseases under stimulation such as stress or ischemia. The engine body will release a lot of cytokines to promote the change of myocardial structure and ultimately lead to heart failure. Myocardial remodeling includes myocardial cells remodeling and the extracellular matrix remodeling. In recent years, we find that the function of adipose tissue is not only about energy storage, buffering to protect, supporting and filling, but also has a powerful function of secretion. Adipose tissue can secrete various adipocytokines, such as leptin, adiponectin, visfatin, omentin, angiotensin Ⅱ, and so on. Current studies have shown that adipocytokines and myocardial remodeling are intimated. And this article will summarize the function of adipocytokines on myocardial remodeling.
The purpose of this study is to compare the differences among neck muscle fatigue evaluation algorithms and to find a more effective algorithm which can provide a human factor quantitative evaluation method for neck muscle fatigue during bending over the desk. We collected surface electromyography signal of sternocleidomastoid muscle of 15 subjects using wireless physiotherapy Bio-Radio when they bent over the desk using memory pillows for 12 minutes. Five algorithms including mean power frequency, spectral moments ratio, discrete wavelet transform, fuzzy approximation entropy and the complexity algorithms were used to calculate the corresponding muscle fatigue index. The least squares method was used to calculate the corresponding coefficient of determination R2 and slope k of the linear regression of the muscle fatigue metric. The coefficient of determination R2 evaluates anti-interference ability of algorithms. The maximum vertical distance Lmax which is obtained by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for the slopes k evaluates the ability to distinguish fatigue of algorithms. The results indicate that in the aspect of anti-interference ability, the fuzzy approximation entropy has the largest R2 when using memory pillows with different heights. When the fuzzy approximate entropy is compared with average power frequency or the discrete wavelet transform, the differences are significant (P < 0.05). In terms of distinguishing the degree of fatigue, the approximate entropy is still the largest, with a maximum of 0.496 7. Fuzzy approximation entropy is superior to other algorithms in ability of anti-interference and distinguishing fatigue. Therefore, fuzzy approximation entropy can be used as a better evaluation algorithm in the evaluation of cervical muscle fatigue.
【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the effectiveness of the medical calcium sulfate—OsteoSet bone graft substitute in the treatment of defect after excision of jaw cyst. Methods Between December 2009 and May 2010, 15 cases of jaw cystic lesion were treated，including 9 males and 6 females with an average age of 36.6 years (range, 15-75 years). Orthopantomography (OPT) method was used to measure the cyst size before operation, and the size ranged from 1.5 cm × 1.5 cm to 8.0 cm × 3.0 cm. The range of bone defect was from 1.5 cm × 1.5 cm × 1.5 cm to 8.0 cm × 3.0 cm × 3.0 cm after cyst excision intraoperatively. The patients underwent cyst curettage and OsteoSet bone graft substitutes implantation (2-15 mL). Radiological method was used to evaluate the repair effect of OsteoSet pellets. Results The pathology biopsy was periapical cyst in 7 cases, odontogenic keratocyst in 5 cases, and dentigerous cyst in 3 cases. Fifteen patients were followed up 6-12 months. Thirteen patients achieved wound healing by first intention; 2 cases had longer drainage time (5 and 7 days, respectively), the incision healed after the pressure bandage. Swelling occurred in 1 case after 1 month with no symptom of infection. No postoperative infection and rejection was found. The X-ray examination showed that the materials filled the bone defect well after 1 day of operation. OsteoSet bone graft substitutes were absorbed by one-half after 1 month of operation and totally after 3 months by OPT. The low density area was smaller in the original cysts cavity, and high density in the cysts increased significantly with fuzzy boundaries of cysts. At 6 months after operation， there was no obvious difference in image density between the original cavity and normal bone, and the capsule cavity boundary disappeared, and defect area was full of new bone. Conclusion The medical calcium sulfate—OsteoSet bone graft substitute is an ideal filling material for bone defect.
Objective Bioactive borate glass (BG) has good biocompatibil ity and biodegradation. To investigate the feasibilty of bioactive borate glass as a carrier of the antibiotic controlled-releasing by implanting vancomycin-loaded BG (VBG)into the focus of tibia chronic osteomyel itis after debridement. Methods VBG and vancomycin-loaded calcium sulfate (VCS) were prepared with a vancomycin content of 80 mg/g. Sixty-five New Zealand white rabbits, weighing 2.12-3.91 kg (mean, 2.65 kg), were used. The tibia chronic osteomyel itis rabbit models were establ ished by injecting methicill in-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA, 0.1 mL, 1 × 109 cfu/mL) into the right tibia of 65 rabbits. After 3 weeks of injection, 54 rabbits of successful models were randomly divided into groups A (n=11), B (n=11), C (n=16), and D (n=16). Simple debridement was performed in group A; BG, VCS, and VBG were implanted into the infection sites of groups B, C, and D respectively after thorough debridement. A sample of the debrided tissues was harvested for bacterial examination. The vancomycin serum levels were determined in groups C and D at 1, 2, 4, 10, 24, and 48 hours after operation. The boron serum levels were determined in groups B and D at 10, 24, 48, 72, and 120 hours after operation. After 8 weeks, the effectiveness was assessed radiographically, bacteriologically, and histopathol ogically. Results Ten rabbits died after operation. No vancomycin was detected in group C; the vancomycin level increased gradually, reached the highest level at 4 hours after operation, and then decreased rapidly in group D. No boron was detected in group B; the boron reached the highest serum level at 10 hours after operation, and then decreased gradually in group D. At 8 weeks, calcium sulfate degraded in group C; BG degraded partially in group D; and no obvious degradation was observedin group B. The repair effect was better in group D than in group C. There was no significant difference in radiograph scoring between groups A, B, C and D (P gt; 0.05) before operation, but there was significant difference between group D and groups A, B, C (P lt; 0.05) at 8 weeks after operation. The bacterial culture showed that all the MRSA results were positive in 4 groups. At 8 weeks, the negative rates of MRSA examination were 36.36%, 18.18%, 73.33%, and 81.25% respectively in groups A, B, C, and D, showing significant differences between group D and groups A, B (P lt; 0.05). The histopathological observation showed that a large number of new bones formed and no foreign body reaction occurred in group D. The histopathologic scores of groups A, B, C, and D were 6.45 ± 3.62, 7.55 ± 3.36, 4.27 ± 2.91, and 3.81 ± 3.04 respectively, showing significant differences between group D and groups A, B, and between group C and group B (P lt; 0.05). Conclusion VBG can improve the repair of bone defect in the treatment of chronic osteomyel itis.
We carried out study on surface electromyogram (sEMG) signal generated from cluster muscles in trunk and lower limbs on condition of human body walking with heavily burdened shoulder to explore functional status and fatigue property of human muscles and to offer an important reference for finding better ways of loading, improving the performance and design of backpack as well as weight-bearing system more suitable for ergonomics. We measured and obtained surface electromyography signals from the primary muscles clusters in neck, shoulder, back and leg of 20 test recipients loaded with different burdens on their shoulders. The eigenvalue of mean power frequency (MPF) were processed with SPSS 16.0. It could be concluded that with the increase of loading weights, male are more likely to be fatigued due to dramatic decrease of trapezius' MPF. While for the female test recipients, the cervical extensor muscles' MPF dropped significantly and were more easily fatigued. Moreover, there was a remarkable difference in terms of electromyography signal before and after the weight reaches certain limit (P<0.05) . The maximum weight limit loaded on shoulders for man is 12% of the total bodyweight while such limit for woman is just 9%.
ObjectiveTo review the diagnosis and management of fat necrosis after autologous fat transplantation of breast.MethodsBased on the latest related literature, the pathology, clinical and radiographic examinations, influence factors, as well as the management of fat necrosis after autologous fat transplantation for breast augmentation and reconstruction were summarized.ResultsFat necrosis after breast autologous fat transplantation is histologically manifested as hyaline degeneration, fibrosis, and calcification. The diagnosis of fat necrosis includes clinical examination, imaging examination (ultrasound, mammography, and MRI), and biopsy. The occurrence of fat necrosis is closely related to patient’s own reason and fat transplantation technology. Optimizing the process of fat acquisition, purification, and transplantation can reduce the occurrence of fat necrosis. Intervention or not after fat necrosis depends on the nature of the nodules. According to the nature of the the nodules, various methods such as simple aspiration, vibration amplification of sound energy at resonance liposuction, or direct excision can be selected.ConclusionFat necrosis after autologous fat transplantation of breast are difficult to control. How to process fat to minimize the injury and maximize the activity of grafted fat needs further researches.
【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the cl inical effect of transplanting by auto-fat granule injection for mastatrophy post suckl ing. Methods From March 2000 to June 2006, 73 patients(146 breasts ) with mastatrophy post suckl ing were treated by transplanting auto-fat granule. The mastatrophy occurred between ages 28 and 52 years with a median of 37 years post suckl ing. The breasts shrank and their elasticity decreased gradually within 2-10 years post suckl ing. The autofat granule was obtained by l iposuction with syringe from patient’s abdomen, waist, buttocks and thighs, etc. After repeated wash and purification, the auto-fat granule was transplanted into the interspace behind the breast by injection. The quantity of auto-fat granule was 50-100 mL in each side of breast per transplantation at 3-6 months intervals, and the whole course of treatment needed 2-6 transplantations. Results The incisions in all cases healed primarily postoperatively. In 73 cases, 65 were followed up from 6 months to 3 years post operation. All patients had a significant improvement in their breast size and shape postoperatively and their breasts were soft and natural in appearance and feel. All of them had more perfect arcuation ofphysique and body with strengthened self-confidence, rel ieved mood and improved qual ity of l ife. However, small indurations were found sporadically in 7 cases (10 breasts) within 2-7 months, and calcifications in 5 cases (8 breasts) within 9-14 months post the first operation. Conclusion The transplantation by auto-fat granule injection for mastatrophy post suckl ing is an effective and practical method. The surgical technique is well worth performing in cl inical practice.
Objective To investigate the feasibil ity of core fat transfer by comparing with traditional Coleman technique. Methods The fat was obtained from 11 patients scheduled for fat transfer by 2 ways: Coleman’s method and core fat graft. The latter was harvested by a modified 1 mL syringe. Then 48 nude mice at the age of 3-4 weeks, male or female, weighing 8.6-12.2 g, were divided into 2 groups randomly (n=24). The dorsal subcutaneous space was recipient site. In the experimental group, 0.5 mL core fat was transplanted into dorsal subcutaneous space; in the control group, 0.5 mL fatobtained by Coleman’s method was transplanted into the same site. The appearance of the back was observed after operation; fat specimens were procured at 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after operation for the gross, histological, and immunohistochemical observations; and the residual weight of free fat-graft was calculated by the difference between pre- and post-operative mouse weights. The glucose transportation quantities and cell viabil ity were measured immediately after obtaining fat. Facial augmentation procedure was performed with core fat graft in 11 patients with local depressed deformity between May 2010 and October 2011. Results The uplift of the back was maintained in the experimental group, but the back of mice became flat in the control group at 2 weeks postoperatively. There was no significant difference in the weight of fat-graft between 2 groups (P gt; 0.05). The residual weight of fat-graft in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group at the other time (P lt; 0.05, except for 2nd week postoperatively). The histological observation showed good cell morphology and well-distributed vessels in the experimental group, but obvious destruction of the cells and most vessels at the edge of fatgraft in the control group. The normal fat cells in the experimental group were significantly more than those in the control group after operation (P lt; 0.05), except for 2nd week). The capillaries in the experimental group were fewer than those in the control group, showing significant differences at 1 week and 2 weeks (P lt; 0.05) and no significant difference at 4 and 8 weeks (P gt; 0.05). The glucose transportation quantities in the experimental group [(1.462 ± 0.080) mmol/L] was significantly higher than that in the control group [(1.153 ± 0.199) mmol/L] (t=3.317, P=0.021). The higher cell viabil ity was also proved in the experimental group. Eleven patients were followed up 2-9 months, and no obvious atrophy or collapses was observed at reci pient site. Conclusion Compared with Coleman technique, core fat graft can keep the structure and viabil ity of harvested fat tissue by avoiding certain damages of fat cell. Therefore, the earl ier anastomoses between the host and core graft fat can reduce tissue loss and improve the fat survival. So it is recommended for enblock fat graft.