As pigs are similar to humans in anatomy, physiology and pathology, nutrition metabolism and disease characteristics, genetically modified pigs are already used for the studies of disease mechanism, pathology and toxicology and the evaluation of drugs. But the production of large modified animals is difficult, cumbersome, time-consuming and costly. With the breakthrough of gene editing technology, clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated 9( Cas9)(CRISPR/Cas9) technology has greatly improved the mutation efficiency, reduced the cost and simplified the steps, and promoted the widespread application of genetically modified pigs. In this paper, the production methods of genetically modified pigs and the research progress of genetically modified pigs by CRISPR/Cas9 in the medical field were reviewed.
Pulmonary organoids currently represent the most accurate in vitro model for mimicking the structure and function of the human lung, serving as a transformative tool in respiratory research and medical practice. However, their broad application is hindered by several challenges, including limited maturity, lack of standardization, unclear regulatory pathways, high costs, and difficulties in scaling production. This review systematically outlines the current research status and development trends of pulmonary organoids, with emphasis on their value as in vitro models and research platforms for elucidating the biological features and pathophysiological mechanisms of lung diseases. Special attention is given to their emerging role in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), such as evaluating pharmacological effects of herbal compounds, screening active ingredients, and exploring mechanisms underlying TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment. The aim of this review is to provide comprehensive evidence to support precision diagnosis, drug development, and therapeutic strategies for respiratory diseases.
The orthopedic bone tumor section is a difficult and key point in clinical teaching. 3D disease models have become a new tool for teaching clinical difficulties due to their intuitive and visual advantages. At present, in the standardized residents training clinical teaching of bone tumors, diversified teaching modes have accumulated a lot of experience, and the combination of 3D disease models can provide new strategies for clinical teaching of bone tumors. Therefore, this article introduces the current situation of clinical teaching in orthopedics, the current situation and challenges of bone tumor teaching, and the exploration and practice of using diversified teaching modes combined with 3D disease models at West China Hospital of Sichuan University, aiming to improve the quality of standardized residents training bone tumor teaching.