Obesity, sleep disorders, psychological stress, sedentary are modifiable cardiovascular risk factors. There is growing evidence that these risk factors may accelerate the chronic inflammatory process of atherosclerosis and lead to myocardial infarction. Studies on the role of immune cells and their related immune mechanisms in atherosclerosis have shown that the above modifiable risk factors can affect the hematopoiesis of the bone marrow system, affect the production of immune cells and phenotypes, and then affect the progress of atherosclerosis. This review will focus on the effects of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors on the progression of atherosclerosis through the role of the innate immune system.
ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of rehabilitation exercise on exercise tolerance and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with non-acute coronary syndrome (non-ACS) after interventional therapy.MethodsA total of 102 patients with coronary heart disease and non-ACS in our hospital from December 2018 to June 2019 were selected and randomly divided into a control group (n=51, 30 males and 21 females with an average age of 56.1±4.8 years) and a trial group (n=51, 34 males and 17 females with an average age of 55.1±4.9 years). The control group received routine treatment, while the trial group received regular supervised rehabilitation exercise on the basis of routine treatment. Patients were followed up for 6 months to compare the differences in cardiovascular risk factors (blood pressure, blood lipid, fasting blood glucose), 6-minute walking distance (6MWD), adverse lifestyle changes and treatment compliance between the two groups after treatment.ResultsThe difference of 6MWD between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). In the trial group, 6MWD increased after intervention compared with that before intervention, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Comparison of total cholesterol (TC), high density liptein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density liptein cholesterol (LDL-C) and fasting blood glucose in the trial group before and after intervention showed statistically significant differences (P<0.05). The differences in TC, HDL-C and LDL-C in the control group before and after intervention were statistically significant (P<0.05). It was statistically significant in dietary compliance rate, smoking cessation rate and alcohol cessation rate between the two groups (P<0.05); the differences in the dietary compliance and drug compliance of the trial group before and after intervention were statistically significant (P<0.05).ConclusionRegular supervised rehabilitation exercise can significantly improve the exercise tolerance and cardiovascular risk factors of non-ACS patients after coronary intervention treatment, so as to improve the quality of life and long-term prognosis of non-ACS patients, which is worthy of clinical application.
Cardiovascular disease and cancer are the two leading chronic conditions contributing to global mortality. With the rising incidence of cancer, the prevalence of cancer therapy-related cardiovascular complications has also increased, driving the development of the emerging field of cardio-oncology. The advancement of precision medicine offers new opportunities for the individualized and targeted management of cardiovascular toxicities associated with cancer treatment. Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to overcome traditional limitations in medical data integration, dynamic monitoring, and interdisciplinary collaboration, thereby accelerating the application of precision medicine in cardio-oncology. By enabling personalized treatment and reducing cardiovascular complications in cancer patients, AI serves as a critical tool in this domain. This article provides an in-depth interpretation of the “Artificial intelligence to enhance precision medicine in cardio-oncology: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association” aiming to inform the integration of AI into precision medicine in China. The goal is to promote its application in the management of cardiovascular diseases related to cancer therapy and to achieve precision management in this context.
ObjectiveTo understand the current status of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) control in patients after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). MethodsClinical data of patients who underwent isolated CABG in Beijing Anzhen Hospital in 2023 were collected. All patients returned to our hospital approximately one year after surgery (10-13 months) for a lipid level recheck. We analyzed their LDL-C attainment status and influencing factors. Patients were categorized into two groups based on whether their LDL-C met the target: a LDL-C attainment group and a LDL-C non-attainment group. ResultsThis study included 1456 patients who underwent CABG, including 320 females and 1136 males, with an average age of (61.41±9.12) years. One year post-surgery, 234 patients achieved the LDL-C target, with an attainment rate of 16.07%. The proportion of patients in the LDL-C attainment group who were ultra-high risk (77.35% vs. 92.06%, P＜0.001), female (16.24% vs. 23.08%, P=0.021), and those with comorbid hypertension (55.98% vs. 63.18%, P=0.038) was significantly lower than those in the LDL-C non-attainment group. Additionally, the baseline body mass index (BMI) [(25.37±3.24) kg/m2 vs. (26.03±3.56) kg/m2, P=0.017], total cholesterol levels [(3.30±0.84) mmol/L vs. (4.01±1.03) mmol/L, P＜0.001], LDL-C [(1.62±0.63) mmol/L vs. (2.25±0.85) mmol/L, P＜0.001], and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [(0.98±0.26) mmol/L vs. (1.02±0.24) mmol/L, P=0.049] upon admission in the attainment group were all lower than those in the non-attainment group. Moreover, the lipid-lowering drug usage rate in the attainment group (100.00% vs. 96.24%, P=0.003) and the proportion using two types of drugs together (25.21% vs. 10.72%, P＜0.001) were both higher than those in the non-attainment group, while the statin monotherapy rate was lower than that in the non-attainment group (74.79% vs. 85.19%, P＜0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that baseline BMI (OR=0.928, P=0.012) and baseline LDL-C levels (OR=0.207, P<0.001), patient cardiovascular risk stratification (OR=0.155, P<0.001) and lipid-lowering drug treatment regimen (OR=3.758, P<0.001) are significant factors affecting the LDL-C control status. ConclusionThe LDL-C compliance rate of patients undergoing CABG is at a relatively low level 1 year after surgery. Patients with very high risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, high baseline LDL-C levels, and overweight or obesity should be strengthened lipid management. For these patients, the intensity of lipid-lowering drug use or combination medication should be increased upon discharge.