Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is one of the representative pachychoroid spectrum disease. Although fundus fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography can be used as the gold standard for the diagnosis of CSC, they are invasive examinations, which may bring certain risks in clinical application and cannot help us obtain quantitative parameters. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), as a non-invasive and quantitative examination, is an important imaging tool for understanding the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of CSC. With the advancement of OCTA, the swept-source OCTA has a satisfying scanning depth, a wider scanning range and a higher resolution. The development of OCTA broadens the horizons of the pathogenesis of CSC, promotes the understanding of the pathophysiology of CSC, and sheds new light for its clinical diagnosis and treatment. Based on OCTA, the choroid and retina in eyes with CSC are presented with qualitative and quantitative changes in vascular system. OCTA-guided CSC treatment and the discovery of prognostic markers based on OCTA challenge the application of traditional imaging techniques in CSC. With the continuous improvement and progress of OCTA technology, traditional angiography combined with OCTA will bring great benefits to the diagnosis and treatment of CSC. This review summarizes the quantitative application of OCTA in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of CSC.
Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy （1 H-MRS） on the quantification of hepatic steatosis at 3.0 T MR united.Methods Twenty-two patients who were candidated for liver surgery (living liver transplantation donor candidates, lobectomy or segmental resection for focal liver diseases, etc.) were enrolled in this study. 1 H-MRS was conducted with point resolved selective spectroscopy （PRESS） sequence, using SAGE software packages. The values of water peak (PW), lipid peak (PL) were measured, the area under water peak (AW) and lipid peak (AL), and then the relative lipid content of liver cells (RLC1, RLC2) was calculated. All subjects underwent surgical resection of liver shortly after MR scanning, fresh frozen specimens were obtained for Sudan Ⅲ staining, and staging was conducted.Results In all 22 patients, 7 patients without fatty liver, 11 patients with mild fatty liver, 4 patients with moderate or severe fatty liver. Intercomparison between different histopathological grades showed following findings: the values of PL, AL, RLC1 and RLC2 had statistical significance (Plt;0.05). The values of PL， AL， RLC1 and RLC2 were positively correlated with the proportion of fatty degenerative cells (PFDC), Plt;0.05, and the highest correlation factor was 0.771 (RLC1 to the PFDC).Conclusion 1 H-MRS can accurately quantify liver fat content and reflect the severity of hepatic steatosis. It has the potential to replace invasive liver biopsy.
ObjectiveTo investigate the diagnostic value of spectral saturation inversion recovery, gradient-echo chemical shift MRI， and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in quantifying hepatic fat content. MethodsConventional T1-weighted and T2-weighted scanning (without fat saturation and with fat saturation)， gradient-echo T1W in-phase （IP） and opposedphase （OP） images and 1H-MRS were performed in 31 healthy volunteers and 22 patients who were candidates for liver surgery. Signal intensities of T1WI amp; T1WIFS (SInonfat1, SIfat1), T2WI amp; T2WI-FS (SInonfat2, SIfat2), and IP amp; OP (SIin, SIout) were measured respectively, the relative signal intensity one (RSI1), relative signal intensity two (RSI2)， and fat index (FI) were calculated. Peak values and the area under peak of 1H-MRS were measured, and the relative lipid content of liver cells (RLC ) were calculated. Twenty-two patients accepted liver resection and histological examination after MRI scanning, the proportion of fatty degenerative cells were calculated by image analysis software. Results①Hepatic steatosis group showed higher average values of RSI1, FI， and RLC to non-hepatic steatosis group (Plt;0.05), while there was no significant difference in RSI2 between two groups (Pgt;0.05). ②There was a statistical significant difference in RLC among different histopathological grades of hepatic steatosis, and RLC increased in parallel with histopathological grade (Plt;0.05).There was no significant difference in RSI2, RSI1, and FI among different histopathological grades, although the latter two had a tendency of increasing concomitant with histopathological grade (Pgt;0.05). ③The values of FI and RLC were positively correlated with the PFDC （r=0468, P=0.027； r＝0771， Plt;0.000 1）, while they were not in RSI1 and RSI2 (r=0.411, P=0.057； r=0.191, P=0.392). ConclusionsSPIR, Gradient-echo chemical shift MRI and 1H-MRS can help to differentiate patients with hepatic steatosis from normal persons, the latter also can help to classify hepatic steatosis. In quantifying hepatic fat content, 1H-MRS is superior to gradient-echo chemical shift MRI, while SPIR’s role is limited.
A kind of Chinese herb medicine--Wumingyi chongji could promote fracture healing had been proved. In order to disclose the mechanism, a standard fracture model was produced in 50 healthy male Newzealand rabbits. The animals were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. Another 5 rabbits without operation act as nomal. By immunohistochemical study, the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) content in callus was calculated by computerized interacive morphometry (CIM) in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th week after fracture. The results were: BMP in callus was much more than in nomal (P lt; 0.01); BMP in callus increased from the 1st week to the 3rd week, decreased from 4th week to 5th week, and was more in experimental group in the 1st and 2nd week than in the control group (P lt; 0.01). The highest BMP content appeared in the 2nd week in the experimental group, while in the 3rd week in the control group. It was concluded that Wumingyi chongji could promote osteoblast to synthetize BMP, BMP induce preosteoblast change into osteoblast. Thus the rate of fracture healing could be increased.
ObjectiveTo observe the number and distribution characteristics of the peripheral retinal vessels in the eyes of patients with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR). MethodsA retrospective clinical study. From October 2020 to April 2025, 33 patients (33 eyes) diagnosed with FEVR (FEVR group) and 27 healthy volunteers (27 eyes) during the same period (normal control group) at the Department of Ophthalmology of Xuzhou First People's Hospital were enrolled in the study. All subjects underwent ultra-wide-angle fluorescein angiography, and clear venous-phase images were selected. Centered on the fovea centralis, the retina was divided into two concentric circular zones, sequentially defining the posterior pole, mid-periphery, and far-periphery regions. The measurement areas were manually outlined using ImageJ software: the nasal far-peripheral region was defined as the area extending 1 400 pixels nasally and 2 000 pixels vertically from the fovea; the temporal mid-peripheral region was defined as the area extending 1 000 pixels temporally and 1 500 pixels vertically from the fovea. The nasal and temporal vertical ranges were subdivided into the entire range, and the upper, middle, and lower subgroups. The total number of vessels and inter-vessel distances in the four regions (nasal and temporal) of both groups were compared and observed. Comparisons between the two groups were performed using independent samples t test. ResultsCompared with the normal control group, the total number of retinal vessels in the entire range and different directions of both the nasal far-peripheral region (t=?3.88, ?2.34, ?2.23, ?3.80) and the temporal mid-peripheral region (t=?5.50; Z=?2.78; t=?3.53, ?5.00) increased in the FEVR group, and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05). There were statistically significant differences between the two groups in the inter-vessel distances of the entire range in the nasal far-peripheral region and the middle subgroup in the temporal mid-peripheral region (t=?2.71, ?2.24; P＜0.05). ConclusionCompared with the normal control group, the number of vessels increases and the inter-vessel distances decreases in both the nasal far-peripheral region and the temporal mid-peripheral region of FEVR eyes.