ObjectiveTo explore the effects of urinastatin(UTI) on microcirculation of extrapancreatic organs in rats with acute necrotizing pancreatitis(ANP). Methods A total of 48 rats were randomized into control group, ANP group and UTI group. The model of ANP was established by uniform injection of 5% sodium taurocholate solution under pancreatic capsule, only injection of normal saline in control group. Then the rats of UTI group were injected with UTI through the femoral vein, the rats of ANP group and control group were injected with normal saline. The blood flow of lung, kidney and distal small intestine was measured by radioactive biomicrosphere technique at 2 h and 6 h after ANP.ResultsCompared with the control group, the blood flow of lung, kidney and intestine was decreased significantly in the ANP group at the 2 h and 6 h after ANP （P＜0.05）, compared with the ANP group, the blood flow was increased significantly in UTI group （P＜0.05）. ConclusionMicrocirculation disorder is an important factor of the extrapancreatic organ damage in ANP, and UTI plays a protective role against microcirculation disorder of the extrapancreatic organ in ANP.
ObjectiveTo observe the retinal microcirculation changes in chinchilla rabbit with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO), and to evaluate the feasibility of laser speckle imaging (LSI) technology as monitoring tool for retinal microcirculation. MethodsTen 4-month-old chinchilla rabbits were used for the experiment, selecting the right eye as the experimental eye. The main retinal vein, adjacent 0.5-1.0 mm to the optic of rabbit retina, was selected to the target vessel under surgical microscope. The software of LSI instrument was used to measure the diameter of target vein and blood flow of 0.2 mm2 area of target vein. The BRVO rabbit model was induced by photodynamic therapy, then measure the diameter and blood flow in the same region using the method as before and after 10 minutes modeled. ResultsThe retinal color pictures, infrared laser and the distribution of blood flow pseudo-color were synchronous displayed by LSI technology. Before and after modeling, the target vessel diameter were (0.104±0.009), (0.128±0.008) mm, and the 0.2 mm2 area blood flow of target vessel were (563.500±28.788), (256.000±53.319) PU. The diameter of target blood vessel after modeling was significantly thicker than before, with the significant difference (t=12.14,P=0.008). The blood flow in 0.2 mm2 area of target vessel was significantly lower than before, also with the significant difference (t=183.00,P=0.009). ConclusionsThe diameter of target vessel of the BRVO rabbit model is enlarged, and the target vessel area of 0.2 mm2 blood flow is reduced significantly. LSI system can monitor the retinal microcirculation real-time and quantitatively.
【Abstract】Objective To study the change of pancreatic microcirculation in the early phase of acute pancreatitis. MethodsLiteratures on acute pancreatitis and microcirculation were collected and reviewed.ResultsPancreatic microcirculation has changed in the early phase of acute pancreatitis, including contraction of interlobular arteriole, slowing of blood fluid, increasing of pancreatic vascular permeability, leukocyte adherence in postcapillary venules, and decreasing of pancreatic perfusion.Conclusion Impairment of pancreatic microcirculation in the early phase of acute pancreatitis may play a key role in the progression of this disease.
OBJECTIVE: To study the forms of microcirculation of arterialized venous flap. METHODS: Twenty New Zealand rabbits were equally divided into two groups, arterialized venous flap group (group A) and control group (group B). The microcirculatory haemodynamic of arterialized venous flap was studied through observation of transparent chamber in rabbit’s ears with aspecial TV set with manification of 1000. RESULTS: The blood of arterilized venous flap flowed through venule anastomosis and drained to another venule. CONCLUSION: It is the main form of microcirculation in early stage that blood flows from venule to draining venule by way of communicating networks between venules.
ObjectiveTo observe the changes of choroid, macular microcirculation and retinal light sensitivity (MS) in people with different degrees of myopia and emmetropia, and to analyze the relationship between them and the axial length (AL).MethodsA cross-sectional observational study. From May 2019 to November 2020, 142 people (142 eyes) of different degrees of myopia and volunteers from Nanchang Aier Eye Hospital were included in the study. All subjects underwent comprehensive optometry, OCT angiography (OCTA), micro-perimetry examination, and axial length (AL) measurement. A frequency domain OCTA instrument was used to measure the blood flow density of the superficial retinal capillary plexus (SVD), the blood flow density of the deep capillary plexus (DVD), the area of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) and the choroidal capillaries in the 6 mm×6 mm area of the macula, and percentage of vascular blood flow blank area (FD). The macular integrity assessment instrument was used to measure macular 10° retinal MS and macular fovea 2°, 4° fixation rate (P1, P2), 63% and 95% hyperbolic ellipse area (BCEA). Pairwise comparisons between groups were tested by the least significant difference method.ResultsAmong 142 eyes, 68 eyes were in male, 74 eyes were in female. According to different equivalent spherical powers (SER), subjects were divided into emmetropia group, low myopia group, moderate myopia group, and high myopia group, with 31 eyes, 36 eyes, 44 eyes, and 31 eyes, respectively. Compared with SER (H=132.776) and AL (F=61.118) of the tested eyes in the 4 groups, the difference was statistically significant. The SVD (P=0.003, 0.002, 0.003) and DVD (P＜0.001,＜0.001, P=0.001) of the emmetropia group, low myopia group, and moderate myopia group were higher than those of the high myopia group, and the difference was statistically significant. The FAZ area of the emmetropia group was higher than that of the moderate myopia group, the difference was statistically significant (P=0.013). The FD percentage of choroidal capillaries in the moderate myopia group and the high myopia group was higher than that of the emmetropia group, the difference was statistically significant (P=0.011, 0.030). MS in the high myopia group was significantly lower than that in the emmetropia group, low myopia group, and moderate myopia group, the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.001,＜0.001, P=0.035). Compared with 63% BCEA, 95% BCEA, P1 and P2 among subjects in the emmetropia group, low myopia group, moderate myopia group, and high myopia group, the difference was not statistically significant (H=6.936, 7.041, 5.450, 4.239; P>0.05). The results of correlation analysis showed that the macular area SVD (r=－0.256, P=0.002), DVD (r=－0.465, P＜0.001), FAZ area (r=－0.308, P＜0.001) were negatively correlated with AL. The percentage of FD of choroidal capillaries was positively correlated with AL (r=0.170, P=0.043). Retinal MS was positively correlated with SVD (r=0.252, P=0.003), DVD (r=0.298, P＜0.001), FAZ area (r=0.334, P＜0.001), it was negatively correlated with AL (r=－0.439, P＜0.001), it was not related to the percentage of FD of choroidal capillaries (r=－0.061, P=0.473).ConclusionsWith the increase of myopic refractive power and AL, the macular area SVD, DVD, and retinal MS all show a downward trend. The decline of retinal MS is related to the decrease of SVD and DVD.
In order to investigate the survival mechanism and the role of venous drainage in arterialized venous skin flap, 60 rabbits’ ears were used for research and clinical application of the flap was performed subsequently in two cases. The rabbits were divided into 4 groups. Experimental group was standard arterialized venous skin flap, control 1 group was venous skin flap, control 2 group was arterialized venous skin flap with only one drainage vein and control 3 group was normal skin flap. The process of survival of the flaps was observed by hemodynamic and histological method. The results showed that there was no significant difference between standard arterialized venous skin flap and normal skin flap (P gt; 0.01). Two cases of arterialized venous skin flap survived completely. The conclusion were as follow: 1. the opening of collateral circulation between the veinlets was the main change of the microcirculation; 2. the blood flow of the graft was changed from unphysiological circulation to physiological circulation as the time elapsed and 3. amelioration of venous drainage was important in inproving the survival rate of arterialized vein graft.
Objective To investigate the relationship between gene expression of endothelin-3 (ET-3） and inflammation of acute pancreatitis （AP） in rats. Methods Fifty-four rats were divided randomly into 4 groups: sham operation group, AP group, arterial injection group and vein injection group. AP was induced by reverse intra-bile duct infusion 4.5% sodium taurocholate, treated with low dose dopamine 〔5 μg/（kg·min）〕 by injecting arterial or tail vein. Rats were sacrificed at 1， 6 and 24 h after the induction of AP. The mRNA expression of ET-3 was evaluated by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and pathological changes was observed in rats. Results Expression of ET-3 mRNA could be detected from 1 up to 24 h after the induction of pancreatitis. Expression of ET-3 mRNA of sham operation group was decreased significantly compared with other three groups. Expression of ET-3 mRNA showed a significant decrease by arterial injection dopamine than that by tail vein (P＜0.05， P＜0.01). The pathologic score in AP group was the highest, vein injection group was the next one, and score in sham operation group was the lowest. Conclusion There are significant relationship between inflammation of AP and expression of ET-3 mRNA. Dopamine administration by arterial injection is more effective than that by tail vein injection.
Objective To explore the effect of renal microcirculation following severity acute pancreatitis （SAP） on renal injury and to explore the protection effect of urokinase on them. Methods A total of 192 Wistar rats were randomized divided into normal control group， SAP group， and urokinase group， then rats of 3 groups were sub-divided into 2， 6， 12， and 24 hours group， each group enrolled 16 rats. Of the 16 rats in each subgroup， 8 rats underwent blood flow of renal test， other 8 rats were sacrificed to get blood samples and to perform histopathological examination. The rat models of SAP were established by retrograde injecting with 5% sodium taurocholate into the cholangiopancreatic duct. Radioactive biomicrosphere technique was used to measure the blood flow of renal， levels of plasma thromboxane B2（TXB2） and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α （6-Keto-PGF1α） were tested by the TXB2 kit and 6-Keto-PGF1α kit， and histopa-thological changes of renal tissues were observed by using HE staining. Results Compared with normal control group at the same time point， the blood flow of renal were lower （P＜0.05）， activity ratio of TXB2 to 6-Keto-PGF1α were higher（P＜0.01）， and the histopathological injury were worse （P＜0.01） in rats of SAP group and urokinase group. Compared with SAP group， the blood flow of renal at 2， 6， and 12 hours in urokinase group were higher （P＜0.01）， the activity ratios of TXB2 to 6-Keto-PGF1α were lower （P＜0.01）， and the histopathological injury were lighter （P＜0.05） in all the 4 time points of urokinase group. Conclusions The renal microcirculation dysfunction and increase of activity ratio of TXB2 to 6-Keto-PGF1α may play an important role in renal injury following SAP in early stage. Urokinase can protect the renal from such injuries.
Anti-VEGF therapies have been widely used in the treatment of age-related macular degeneration, diabetic macular edema, retinal vein occlusion with macular edema and other retinal diseases. It have achieved remarkable treatment effect with relatively high safety, but there are still reports of adverse reactions in cardio-cerebral vessels and eyes. There are many methods to measure retinal blood flow. Although the principles of these methods are different, the results are different, and there is no uniform standard, it has been observed that anti-VEGF drugs may cause some changes in retinal vessel diameter, arterial blood flow velocity and blood flow parameters. Especially after multiple injections, the effect may be more obvious.
In order to study the influence of reperfusion following ischemia on microvesseles and microcirculation of skeletal muscle, unilateral hindlimbs of 16 rabbits were subjected to normothermic ischemia for 2 and 5 hours by tourniquet. After release of the tourniquet, microcirculation of the peritenon on dorsum of the foot was observed for 1 hours by intravital microscope. At 1 hour and 72 hours following reperfusion, the anterior tibia muscle biopsiy were taken and the specimens were subjected to light and electron microscopic examinations. It was found that after release of the tourniquet, in the limbs undergone 2 hours ischemia, there was immediate and well distributed reflow in the microvesseles of peritenon though a few aggregates of red cells and increase in the number of adherent leukocytes occured in some venules, and the microvesseles of the skeletal muscle only showed signs of minimal injury, the muscle fibers could survive in the limbs undergone 5 hours of ischemia, however, there was serious disturbance of microcirculation in theperitenon, which was characterized by "no reflow" in most area and there was signi ficant increase in the number of leukocytes adherent to venular endothelium, and the microvesseles of the skeletal muscle showed signs of severe injury, including remarkable swelling of the endothelial cell, disruption of the basement membrane and interstitial edema, and finally, most of the muscle fibers had necrosis occured. The results demonstrated that reperfusion following ischimia might result in microvascular injury and microcirculation disorder in the ischemic area. The degree of the injury and disorder depended on the duration of ischemic period, and was an important factor which determined the fate of the parenchymal cell.