Cenobamate is one of the latest antiseizure medications (ASMs) developed for the treatment of focal onset seizures in adult patients. Cenobamate is characterized by a peculiar pharmacology. The mechanisms responsible for its anti-seizure activity include enhancement of the inactivated state of voltage-gated sodium channels with blockade of the persistent sodium current and positive allosteric modulation of GABAa receptors at a non-benzodiazepine binding site. Studies showed that cenobamate appears to be an effective treatment for focal epilepsy, showing reductions in seizure frequency, increased responder rates, and high rates of seizure freedom, and is well tolerated and safe. This article reviews the mechanism, pharmacokinetic characteristics, clinical efficacy, and safety of cenobamate as a novel anti-seizure drug
Objective To assess the tolerance of preoperative carbohydrate-rich beverage, to determine its effect on postoperative insulin resistance and analyze its potential mechanism. Methods Thirty-two patients undergoing elective colorectal cancer resection were recruited to this randomized controlled study and assigned to two groups at random. Patient in control group was fasted before operation, while patient in study group was given oral water. Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) indexes, activity of PTK, and mRNA and (or) protein expressions of PKB, PI3K and GluT4 were measured before and (or) immediately after surgery. Furthermore preoperative well-beings of patients were studied. Results Among well-beings, feeling of thirst, hunger and anxiety tended to be better in patients receiving carbohydrate-rich beverages compared with fasted ones (P＜0.05). Whole body insulin sensitivity decreased by 33% in the study group while 38% in the control group (P=0.007 2), and the activity of PTK, expressions of PI3K and PKB in study group were higher than those in control group (P＜0.05， P＜0.01), but no significantly difference was observed about GluT4 in both groups (Pgt;0.05）. Conclusion Preoperative consumption of carbohydrate-containing fluids is safe and effective. Provision of carbohydrate energy source prior to surgery may attenuate immediate postoperative insulin resistance. A carbohydrate-rich drink enhances insulin action at the time of onset of anaesthesia or surgery by activating three kinases named PTK, PI3K, PKB which are key enzymes in pathway of insulin signal transduction. It is likely to explain the effects on postoperative insulin resistance.
Aiming at the status of muscle and joint damage caused on surgeons keeping surgical posture for a long time, this paper designs a medical multi-position auxiliary support exoskeleton with multi-joint mechanism by analyzing the surgical postures and conducting conformational studies on different joints respectively. Then by establishing a human-machine static model, this study obtains the joint torque and joint force before and after the human body wears the exoskeleton, and calibrates the strength of the exoskeleton with finite element analysis software. The results show that the maximum stress of the exoskeleton is less than the material strength requirements, the overall deformation is small, and the structural strength of the exoskeleton meets the use requirements. Finally, in this study, subjects were selected to participate in the plantar pressure test and biomechanical simulation with the man-machine static model, and the results were analyzed in terms of plantar pressure, joint torque and joint force, muscle force and overall muscle metabolism to assess the exoskeleton support performance. The results show that the exoskeleton has better support for the whole body and can reduce the musculoskeletal burden. The exoskeleton mechanism in this study better matches the actual working needs of surgeons and provides a new paradigm for the design of medical support exoskeleton mechanism.
ObjectiveTo summarize the recent research progress on pathogenesis of human arrest defective 1(ARD1) protein in colorectal cancer and treatment process. MethodsSearched the related literatures from the databases such as CNKI, PubMed and so on, the relevant ARD1 in the development, diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer were reviewed. ResultsARD1 has effect of anti colorectal cancer, it can inhibit the proliferation and promote apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells, and improve the sensitivity of colorectal cancer cells to anticancer drugs at the cellular level. The treatment is mainly through the induction of cancer cell apoptosis or (and) decreased the proliferation ability of cancer cells, thus delaying the disease process. However, it is still in the research stage of animal experiments, which can not be directly applied to clinical practice. Conciusions ARDl study on the mechanism of anti colorectal cancer cells has become the focus of research with animal research and promotion, and provide new therapy concepts and measures for diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer.
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo study the mechanism of spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MethodsArticles have been reviewed to find out the theory of spontaneous rupture of HCC. ResultsResearchful results suggested that the injury of small arteries was usually followed in patients of spontaneous rupture of HCC. In this review, the immune complex, which composed of hepatitis B virus e antigen, complement C1q and immunoglobulins, was found deposited in the elastic membrane of arteries. Likely as a result of immune complex deposition, vascular injury occurs mainly in the small arteries where the deposition of immune complex was present. The small arteries in which immune complex deposited are readily injuried and cause hemorrhage and rupture of HCC during vascular load increase. ConclusionWe would conclude that immune complex deposition in vessel wall led to the small arteries injury may be the factor involved in the pathogenesis of spontaneous ruptured HCC.
Objective?To review the mechanism of improved revascularization of free fat grafting with adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs).?Methods?The literature related to the basic researches of ADSCs in free fat grafting and angiogenesis was reviewed.?Results?Angiogenesis is a sequence process in time and space which is regulated by various factors. ADSCs possess the capability of secreting many angiogenic growth factors and differentiating into various lineages.Conclusion?ADSCs affect every process of angiogenesis with clear improved angiogenic effects, however, the mechanisms of angiogenic effects need the further researches.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanism and to explore the measures of prevention and treatment of hypothermal vasoconstriction. METHODS: By the techniques of endothelial cell culture and scanning electron microscopy, and vasomotor functional test of isolated vascular vessels, the relation of hypothermal vasoconstriction and the release of endothelium-derived contractile and vasodilative factors were observed. RESULTS: Hypothermia obviously induced vasoconstriction of isolated vascular vessels, whether endothelium was intact or removed, the lower the temperature, the higher the vascular tension. Removal of endothelium could decrease the effect of vasoconstriction by hypothermia. The conditioned medium of bovine aortic endothelial cell could induce significantly vasoconstriction of isolated rat common neck arterial ring in hypothermia. It indicated that the bovine aortic endothelial cells secreted contractile factors into the medium. Reheating to 37 degrees C or vasodilator or reheating plus vasodilator did not obviously influence the hypothermia-induced vasoconstriction within 2 hours. When reheating to 50 degrees C, vascular tension was decreased, but only changed in range of 28% to 42%. CONCLUSION: Hypothermia vasoconstriction is relative to vasoconstrictor factors secreted by endothelium. Reheating to 37 degrees C or vasodilator does not antagonize the constriction of vascular vessels. Reheating to 50 degrees C only partially eliminates the constrict effect of blood vessels, so the prevention of hypothermia vasoconstriction should be emphasized.
Objective To explore the mechanism of mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） transplantation for chronic hindlimb ischemia in Lewis rats by using cell tracer technique. Methods MSCs were isolated and cultured by using density gradient centrifugation and adherence method respectively， then labeled by 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine （BrdU）. Eight chronic hindlimb ischemia models of Lewis rats were prepared by using suture-occluded method and then divided randomly to MSCs transplantation group and control group， each group enrolled 4 rats， accepting MSCs transplantation and saline respectively. Then on 7 days and 14 days after transplantation， clinical observation， determination of blood flow， and angiography were performed on rats of the 2 groups. At the same time points after previous tests， rats of the 2 groups were sacrificed to get quadriceps tissues and gastrocnemius tissues to perform HE staining and BrdU immunohis-tochemistry. Results The 8 rats were all survived on 14 days after transplantation， with no tumor happened and necroses in the transplanted area. On 14 days after transplantation， the blood flow ratio of operated side to un-operated side in the hindlimb （1.773 vs. 1.279） of rats in MSCs transplantation group and control group increased， and the angiography results showed that there were no much increase in ratio of collateral vessels number （0.908 vs. 0.835）. There were no significant change in the quadriceps tissues and gastrocnemius tissues by HE staining. The BrdU positive kernels located in the inter-stitial substance cells and vascular endothelia cells， and divided differently in different parts of hindlimb at different time points， that the ratio of positive cells in gastrocnemius tissue was higher than those of quadriceps tissue on 7 days after transplantation， but lower on 14 days. Conclusions MSCs transplantation can increases the blood perfusion of hindlimb in the early stage of chronic hindlimb ischemia model， and the possible mechanism may be the paracrine effect of MSCs but not the number increase of collateral vessels.
Erythropoietin （EPO） is known as a classical hematopoietic growth factor, which has been used to treat anemia caused by different reasons. In recent years, EPO＇s non-hematopoietic biological effects have gradually become a focus. Among these effects, EPO＇s tissue protection is most attractive and EPO has been proved to protect many different tissues and organs. Myocardial protection has always been the important and key topic in the field of cardiovascular diseases. Reports about EPO＇s myocardial protective effects have been published in the recent two years, which direct the research about myocardial protection with new ideas. In this article, the discoveries and unsolved problems associated with EPO＇s myocardial protection were reviewed.
Atrial fibrillation(AF) is the most common disorder of cardiac rhythm. It has a high morbidity, mortality and disability, and serious impact on quality of life of patients. It is demonstrated that atrial remodeling which includes atrial electrical remodeling and structural remodeling,are the central contributors to the development and selfperpetuating of AF. However, The mechanisms that underlie the atrial remodeling process in AF have not yet been completely elucidated. New strategies for the prevention and termination of AF should build on our knowledge of the mechanisms of atrial remodeling. Medication for the reversal of atrial remodeling may be the new target for the treatment of AF. At present, drugs that target atrial remodeling have already obtained fruitful results in the experimental and clinical investigations. Now some recent advancements of this area is reviewed in this article.