ObjectivesTo systematically review the association between pepper consumption and risk of gastric cancer.MethodsPubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, WanFang Data, VIP and CNKI databases were electronically searched to collect epidemiological studies of evaluating the association between pepper consumption and the risk of gastric cancer from inception to April, 2017. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies, then, meta-analysis was performed by using Stata 12.0 software.ResultsA total of 18 studies involving 17 case-control studies and 1 cohort study with 13 142 participants were included. The studies were divided into quantitative group and non-quantitative group. The results of meta-analysis showed that: ① In quantitative group, medium to heavy pepper consumption was the risk factor of gastric cancer (OR=1.55, 95%CI 1.13 to 2.14, P=0.008). Whereas there was no significant association between low pepper consumption and the risk of gastric cancer (OR=0.63, 95%CI 0.26 to 1.50, P=0.297). ② In the non-quantitative group, pepper consumption was the risk factor of gastric cancer (OR=1.37, 95%CI 1.09 to 1.74, P=0.008). ③ Subgroup analysis results showed that medium to heavy pepper consumption in Asian population had significant association with gastric cancer (OR=2.24, 95%CI 1.88 to 2.67, P=0.005), however, there was no significant association between low pepper consumption and the risk of gastric cancer (OR=0.62, 95%CI 0.33 to 1.18, P=0.144).ConclusionsThe association between pepper consumption and risk of gastric cancer remains unclear, medium to heavy pepper consumption may be related to the risk of gastric cancer, especially in Asian population.
ObjectiveTracheobronchial foreign bodies (TFBs) aspiration is rare in adults,although it can occur at any age. This study aimed to report our experience in airway foreign body removal by flexible bronchoscopy in adult patients of central south China. MethodsA total of 244 patients with TFBs over the age of 14 years were reviewed retrospectively from January 1997 to February 2012. The incidence,risk factors,clinical manifestations,radiological findings,types and locations of TFBs were analyzed. ResultsAmong the 27719 patients,TFBs were found only in 0.88%(244) cases. The prevalence of TFB aspiration increased steadily with age beginning in the fifth decade. The incidence of TFBs was 0.62% among people aged 70 to 80 years. Risk factors such as cerebrovascular diseases and neural degenerative disease were found among 32 (6.6%) patients. Among 153 patients with clear history of foreign body aspiration,135 patients (88.2%) were addicted to the hot pepper. Paroxysmal cough (81.1%) was the most common clinical manifestations of TFBs. Only 12 cases (4.9%) were found with non-opaque foreign bodies by chest X-ray but 106 cases (43.4%) were found with opaque foreign bodies by chest CT. The most common indirect chest imaging findings were recurrent infections and consolidation of the same area.Bone fragments of animals was the most common type in foreign bodies (47.2%). The most common position of foreign bodies was the right bronchial (65.6%). Total foreign bodies of 234 patients (95.9%) had been successfully removed by flexible bronchoscopy. ConclusionAlthough TFBs is rare in adults in south China,but yield by flexible bronchoscopy (0.88%) is much higher than that is reported in western countries (0.32%-0.33%). Addiction to the hot pepper and speaking loudly when having dinner may be the major risk factor for high incidence in central south China.
【摘要】 目的 探討辣椒素對不同年齡SD大鼠內臟感覺神經元上辣椒素受體（TRPV1）介導的離子通道的影響。 方法 急性分離7~9 d和21~23 d大鼠迷走神經結狀神經節神經元，利用全細胞膜片鉗技術在分離的神經元上記錄辣椒素激活TRPV1受體后通道電流的變化。 結果 ①7~9 d和21~23 d大鼠內臟感覺神經元的膜電容分別為（18.57±8.60）和（19.85±9.47） pF，（Pgt;0.05）；②辣椒素能夠激活7~9 d和21~23 d大鼠內臟感覺神經元上TRPV1并產生相似的內向電流，兩組產生的峰電流密度分別為（48.59±18.87）、（55.91±20.52） pA/pF（Pgt;0.05）；③反復應用辣椒素使TRPV1受體發生失敏現象。 結論 大鼠內臟感覺神經元的TRPV1受體通道在出生后已經發育成熟，且對辣椒素激活的通道電流有相似的變化。【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the effects of capsaicin on transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptor-mediated ion channel currents of visceral sensory neurons in different-aged Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods We isolated the vagal nodose ganglion neurons of rats at an age of 7-9 days or 21-23 days acutely. With the whole cell patch clamp technique, we recorded the current changes of TRPV1 channels activated by capsaicin. Results ① Membrane capacitances of the visceral sensory neurons were (18.57±8.60) and (19.85±9.47) pF in rats of 7-9 and 21-23 days, respectively (Pgt;0.05). ② Capsaicin activated the TRPV1 channels and generated inward currents in all the rats; and the peak current densities of the rats of 7-9 days and 21-23 days were respectively (48.59±18.87) and (55.91±20.52) pA/pF (Pgt;0.05). ③ Repeated applications of capsaicin produced a phenomenon of desensitization in TRPV1 channels. Conclusion TRPV1 receptor channels of visceral sensory neurons in rats have matured after birth, and the current changes of TRPV1 channels activated by capsaicin are similar.
目的:觀察直線偏振光聯合辣椒堿軟膏治療脛骨結節軟骨炎和足舟骨軟骨炎的療效。方法:對86例骨軟骨炎患者,隨機分為兩組,每組43例。實驗組用直線偏振光聯合辣椒堿治療;對照組單用辣椒堿軟膏治療。觀察經過不同治療后疼痛緩解情況。結果:治療后直線偏振光聯合辣椒堿軟膏治療疼痛減輕率為931%,單用辣椒堿軟膏治療疼痛減輕率為861%(Plt;001)。結論:直線偏振光聯合辣椒堿軟膏治療骨軟骨炎療效優于單用辣椒堿軟膏治療。
The purpose of this study is to discuss the feasibility of establishing capsaicin pain model and the possibility to evaluate different degrees of pain by the heart rate variability (HRV). It also aims to investigate the changes of autonomic nervous activity of volunteers during the process of pain caused by capsaicin. A total of 30 volunteers were selected, who were physically and mentally healthy, into the study. To assess the effects of capsaicin on the healthy volunteers, we recorded the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores after the capsaicin stimulus. Additionally, the electrocardiogram signals and HRV analysis index before and after stimulating were also recorded, respectively. More specifically, the HRV analysis indexes included the time domain index, the frequency domain index, and the nonlinear analysis index. The results demonstrated that the activity of the autonomic nerves was enhanced in the process of capsaicin stimulus, especially for the sympathetic nerve, which exhibited a significantly differences in HRV. In conclusion, the degree of pain can be reflected by the HRV. It is feasible to establish a capsaicin pain model. And in further experiments, HRV analysis could be used as a reference index for quantitative evaluation of pain.
目的 觀察電壓依賴性鈣通道是否作用于大鼠脊髓背角膠狀質層（SG）神經元大振幅微小興奮性突觸后電流的形成。 方法 選用成年雄性Sprague-Dawley（SD）大鼠，2%～3%異氟烷麻醉后，分離其腰骶部的脊髓，然后切片。采用全細胞電壓鉗技術，玻璃微電極的電阻為4~6 MΩ，鉗制電壓為?70 mV，記錄膠狀質層神經元微小興奮性突觸后電流（mEPSC）電流。將電流信號用Axopatch 200來放大并儲存于電腦。對照組和用藥結束后，持續采樣mEPSC電流30 s。mEPSC電流的頻率和振幅用Clampfit 8.1進行分析。 結果 鉗制電壓為?70 mV時，所有SG神經元均有自發性的EPSC。辣椒素增加mEPSC發生的頻率和波幅。鈷離子抑制辣椒素誘導的大振幅mEPSC。鈷離子抑制辣椒素誘導的mEPSC的平均振幅，而不抑制其發生頻率。 結論 電壓依賴性鈣離子通道參與了辣椒素引起的痛覺形成。
Objective To make individualized evidence-based treatment for patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Methods Based on the clinical questions we raised, evidence was collected and critically assessed. Patients’ preferences was also taken into consideration in the decision-making treatment. Results 157 studies were retrieved and finally 15 randomized controlled trials, 14 systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and 1 clinical guidelines were considered eligible. The evidence indicated that the first step in management of patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy should aim for stable and optimal glycemic control; there was no statistically significant difference between aldose reductase inhibitors and placebo in the treatment of diabetic polyneuropathy, the same to nerve growth factor; alpha-lipoic acid is superior to placebo in reducing symptoms of diabetic peripheral neuropathy; 5-hydroxytryptamine and norepinephrine uptake inhibitor, tricyclic antidepressants and anticonvulsants might alleviate the pain in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy; vitamin B and capsaicin cream are is effective and safe in the management of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain. The individualized treatment plans were developed based on the available evidence. After 3 month of treatment, the blood sugar returned to normal and symptoms were alleviated. Conclusion The treatment efficacy in diabetic peripheral neuropathy has been improved by determining an individulized treatment plan according to evidence-based methods.
Objective Chronic cough is often present as increasing cough reaction to various physical and chemical stimulating factors. This study is aimed to investigate the difference of cough sensitivity and its mechanisms which are not clear among different causes of chronic cough. Methods Patients with chronic cough were recruited from cough clinic of Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases between 2005 to 2010. Using a modified diagnostic algorithm of chronic cough, common causes were identified. Capsaicin cough provocation test was also performed in these patients to assess the cough threshold. The relations between cough reflex sensitivity and duration of cough, cough severity, pulmonary function, induced sputum cell counts were then investigated. Results Through the diagnostic algorithm of chronic cough, the current study evaluated 133 adult patients, including 24 cases with upper airway cough syndrome (UACS) , 26 patients with cough variant asthma (CVA) , 31 cases with eosinophilic bronchitis (EB) , 30 patients with atopic cough (AC) , 22 cases with gastroesophageal reflux induced cough (GERC) . There were 30 healthy volunteers recruited as normal control. The cough threshold of LgC5 in AC, CVA, EB, GERC and UACS was 1.70 ±0.70, 2.12 ±0.67, 2.13 ±0.69, 1.69 ±0.73, 2.16 ±0.66, respectively. The LgC5 of the normal group ( 2.63 ±0.39) was higher than those in chronic cough groups( All P lt; 0.05) . The LgC5 of AC and GERC were lower than CVA, EB and UACS ( all Plt;0.05) . Duration and daytime score of cough showed positive correlations with LgC5( r =-0. 280, -0. 168, all P lt;0.05) . Pulmonary function and differential cell count of induced sputumwere not associated with LgC5 ( all Pgt;0.05) . Conclusions Different cause of chronic cough exhbit high cough reflex sensitivity to different extent. The difference of cough sensitivity may reflect the different pathogenesis among different causes, and may be related to the type of nerve fiber dominating the cough reflex.
【摘要】 目的 研究大劑量辣椒素對兔肺P物質和降鈣素基因相關肽(CGRP)的影響。方法 將16只成年健康雄性新西蘭大白兔隨機分為兩組:載體組(A)、大劑量辣椒素組(B)。兩組動物取樣前7 d和前6 d分別于頸部皮下注射等量的載體或者辣椒素(20 mg/mL)。大劑量戊巴比妥鈉靜脈麻醉處死動物后立即切取左肺下葉,稱重,勻漿,離心后取上清液置于-80℃冰箱保存待測P物質和CGRP。結果 A組肺組織中P物質的濃度高于B組(Plt;0.05),而CGRP的濃度兩組差異無統計學意義(P＞0.05)。結論 大劑量辣椒素(100 mg/kg)不能完全耗竭兔肺初級感覺神經纖維的神經肽類物質。