Objective To investigate the clinical characteristic of ocular fundus complications in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods In 25 cases of SLE with the ocular fundus complications, the ocular fundus, the other ocular tissues, general lesions，and antinuclear antibody (ANA ), anti-double-stranded DNA（anti-dsDNA）, complement 3 (C3), complement 4 (C4)and erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR) were analyzed retrospectively. Results In the 25 cases, “classic” SLE retinopathy in 15 (25 eyes), retinal vein occlusion (RVO) in 9 (12 eyes), RVO combined with retinal arter y occlusion in 1 (2 eyes), exudative retinal detachment in 1 (2 eyes), vitreous hemorrhage combined with neovascular glaucoma in 1 (1 eye), and optic discedem a except RVO in 3 (6 eyes) were found. Nine cases accompanied with other ocular signs and 21 with general lesions. Positive ANA and anti-dsDNA and elevated ESR in all of the patients, decreasing C3 in 19, and C4in 17 were found.Conclusions SLE can cause serious ocular fundus complications accompanied with other ocular signs. Regular ophthalmic examination should be performed on the patients with SLE to detect and treat the ocular complications promptly. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2004，20：206-208)
In addition to its role as a sex hormone, estrogen aff ects the struc ture and function of many other systems such as the bone, the cardiovascular and the nervous system. Here, we review the most recent supporting evidence for es trogen as an important player in ocular fundus diseases, focusing particularly o n the effects of estrogen on these diseases and the underlying mechanisms. Base d on this, we also discuss the clinical applicability of estrogen in treating va rious agerelated disorders including agerelated macular degeneration and ret in al neurodegeneration. Our growing understanding of estrogenmediated action at a molecular level will provide insight into the controversies surrounding hormon e replacement therapy.
ObjectiveTo conduct an objective record of stroke patient’s retinal diseases by retinal photography, and analyze the incidence of various retinal diseases between different subtypes of stroke.MethodsFrom June to October 2007, the consecutive cases of stroke admitted to the Department of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University were prospectively registered. Ischemic stroke patients were classified into different subtypes by the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project criteria, and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients were classified based on the clinical manifestation and neuroimaging. We collected other clinical data associated with the incidence of stroke. The retinal abnormalities including retinopathy, arteriovenous nicking and arteriolar narrowing were recorded. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to investigate the relationship between retinal abnormalities and stroke.ResultsThis study included 199 patients with ischemic stroke and 95 patients with ICH. Among the patients with ischemic stroke, 43 (21.6%) had retinopathy, 52 (26.1%) presented with arteriovenous nicking, and 43 (21.6%) developed arteriolar narrowing. Among the patients with ICH, retinopathy occurred in 23 (24.2%), arteriovenous nicking occurred in 14 (14.7%), and arteriolar narrowing occurred in 25 (26.3%). In multivariate analysis, retinopathy was independently associated with partial anterior circulation infarct (PACI) (P=0.029) and anterior ICH (P=0.041).ConclusionsRetinopathy is independently associated with PACI and anterior ICH. Further community-based study with large sample should be conducted to confirm the predictive value of retinal diseases on the incidence of anterior stroke.