目的研究置管溶栓聯合球囊擴張導管碎栓治療下肢深靜脈血栓形成（DVT）的療效及安全性。 方法回顧性分析2011年9月至2015年1月本院收治的82例急性下肢DVT患者的臨床資料。將患者分成兩組：A組行單純經導管直接溶栓（CDT）治療，共32例，其中男10例、女22例，平均年齡（56±15）歲；B組行CDT聯合機械碎栓（球囊擴張導管碎栓）治療，共50例，其中男18例、女32例，平均年齡（57±17）歲。比較2組治療前后靜脈通暢率、靜脈通暢度評分、健側和患側下肢周徑差，比較2組尿激酶用量及溶栓導管留置時間，以出血并發癥、肺栓塞的發生率評價治療的安全性。 結果2組共82例患者完成溶栓及碎栓療程，B組較A組溶栓時間更短，A組平均9（7，12）d；B組平均5（4，7）d，2組差異有統計學意義（P<0.01）；B組較A組尿激酶用量更少，A組平均7.250（6.355，8.255）×106 U，B組平均4.925（3.715，5.810）×106 U，2組差異有統計學意義（P<0.01）；B組治療后的靜脈通暢度評分顯著優于A組，A組65.0%（40.5%，86.5%），B組為100%（90%，100%），差異有統計學意義（P<0.01）。治療后2組出血并發癥發生率差異無統計學意義（P=0.0976）。2組患者隨訪時間3～18個月，A組隨訪率50.0%，B組隨訪率58.0%，均未發生肺動脈栓塞。 結論在下腔靜脈濾器保護下，CDT聯合球囊擴張導管碎栓治療急性下肢DVT較單純CDT治療，溶栓效果好、尿激酶用量少、不增加肺栓塞及出血發生率。
ObjectiveTo compare vein valve function following pharmacomechanical thrombolysis (PMT) with simple catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) for deep vein thrombosis.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of sixty patients who suffered acute lower extremity deep vein thrombsis in our hospital between October 2016 and March 2017. All patients underwent contralateral preprocedural duplex and bilateral postprocedure duplex to access patency and valve function. The patients were divided into three groups including a group A with catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) alone (36 patients with 20 males and 16 females at average age of 56 years), a group B with PMT alone (15 patients with 8 males and 7 females at average age of 55 years), and a group C with PMT combined CDT (9 patients with 4 males and 5 females at average age of 56 years). The valve function was compared among the Group A, Group B and Group C.ResultsThere were 40.0% (24/60) patients with bilateral femoral vein valve reflux, 40.0% (24/60) patients with unilateral femoral vein valve reflux (all in the treated limbs), 20% (12/60) patients had no reflux in both limbs. Of the limbs treated with CDT alone, PMT alone and PMT combined CDT, the rate of valve reflux was 38.9% (14/36), 33.3% (5/15), and 55.6% (5/9) respectively (P=0.077).ConclusionIn the patients suffering acute DVT, PMT or PMT combined CDT does not hamper valve function compared with CDT alone.