In recent years, many scholars have explored the clinical application value of a number of peripheral hematology indexes in tumor patients. The significant correlation of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and platelet to lymphocyte ratio with the prognosis in various tumors has also been confirmed. At present, more peripheral blood indexes have been gradually applied to the evaluation of the prognosis in patients with malignant tumors. Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a type of highly malignant tumor and most patients are in advanced stage at the time of diagnosis. The evaluation value of tumor stage for survival is extremely limited. Therefore, this review intends to explain the relationship between various peripheral hematology indexes and the prognosis of SCLC patients, so as to provide some academic evidence for the clinical assessment of the survival of SCLC patients and formulation of appropriate treatment strategy, which may contribute to the improvement of the prognosis.