中國的膽道疾病有自己的特點，也是東亞地區的特點。它嚴重危害人民的生命和健康，損害勞動力，比西方的膽道病更重。中國膽道外科應有自己的特色。自成都發現膽道蛔蟲病開始，積累膽道感染和肝內結石病臨床資料60年來，全國各地廣泛深入的臨床和實驗研究已取得重大成績。許多成績不是單純引進或照搬外國經驗，而是針對自己面臨的特殊實際情況，運用現代西方醫學或與祖國傳統醫學相結合，獨立自主研究取得的。我們已經解決或基本上解決了很多臨床實際問題，但還有一些重大問題沒有解決，或沒有完全解決，有些問題還沒有提上議事日程，它與西方的膽道外科自然有基本的共性，所以，我們的研究課題，既是中國的，也是世界的。自從改革開放以來，隨著人們物質生活的改善，膽道病譜也有了明顯改變，原發性膽管結石癥在城市明顯減少，農村鄉鎮所見也緩慢地趨向減少，膽囊結石病則趨向增多。但是，還不能說以原發性膽管結石病為主要對象的中國膽道外科正走向沒落，沒有多少研究課題了。應當著重提出，當今對膽管病研究的，實際上是整個膽道問題，包括全膽道若干艱深問題。我們的研究除深入膽管病外，也應加強膽囊病的研究力度。
Brain-computer interface (BCI) can be summarized as a system that uses online brain information to realize communication between brain and computer. BCI has experienced nearly half a century of development, although it now has a high degree of awareness in the public, but the application of BCI in the actual scene is still very limited. This collection invited some BCI teams in China to report their efforts to promote BCI from laboratory to real scene. This paper summarizes the main contents of the invited papers, and looks forward to the future of BCI.
This paper systematically reviews the important events and their significance in different stages of the construction of the Chinese discipline system of wound repair, and puts forward the following suggestions for its future development: the disciplinary content should be more normalized, standardized and organized; it is necessary to break through policy restrictions, and establish multidisciplinary integrated management, seamlessly connected treatment model, and integrated combination of therapy and rehabilitation, basing on models and standards of research-oriented hospitals and departments; the application of information technology in the discipline should be strengthened; some other items and problems, such as medical management, medical supervision and medical insurance, need further in-depth research and specific solutions.
ObjectiveTo do a brief introduction and prospects for simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplanta-tion from aspects of recipient screening, choice of operative method, prognosis, quality of life, and complications. MethodDomestic and international literatures were collected to summary the effect, prognosis, and the latest progress of simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation in the treatment of diabetes. ResultsAs a kind of mature treatment of diabetic with end-stage renal disease, simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation had been carried out in most transplantation centers around the world, it had the definite therapeutic effect and controllable side effects, the life quality of posttransplantation patients would be improved notably. However, the screen of transplantation patient, the selection of transplantation operation, and the postoperative immunosuppressive protocols had not yet been reached a consensus. ConclusionsSimultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation is the most effective treatment for type 1 diabetes patients with end-stage renal disease, it provides a more feasible and more physiological way for the secretion of insulin. Although the patient has to undergo a major operation and take some risk, simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation still improves the patient's survival rate and the quality of life, and reduces the incidence of complications related to diabetes. Based on the above reasons, simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation should be a preferred treatment for all eligible patients.