Tissue-engineered tracheal transplantation has been reported and the technique of decellularized scaffold's preparation is mature. Regeneration of epithelium, cartilage and blood vessel is particularly important during tracheal transplantation. With the increasing improvement on cell acquisition and cell culture, as well as the factor of auxesis and cell differentiation, tissue-engineered technique provided possibility and clinical value for regeneration of epithelium, cartilage and blood vessel. This review focuses on the improvement and prospect of regeneration of epithelium, cartilage and blood vessel during tracheal transplantation.