Epidemiological trends of five sexually transmitted infections in China_Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine

Authors：

YANG Xiaoyu , CHEN Dongyu , WANG Hongxin , FAN Wenlong , PAN Suyue , HU Min , HUANG Qiao , WANG Pu ,  HE Yuqing

Institute of Medical Systems Biology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, P. R. China;

Corresponding?author：

HE Yuqing, Email: dr.hyq@hotmail.com

Keywords：

China; Sexually transmitted infection; Disability adjusted life year; Epidemiological trend

DOI：

10.7507/1672-2531.202202038

Video：

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Objective To analyze the epidemiological burden and change trend of five sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in China from 1990 to 2019. Methods The estimated numbers and standardized rates of STIs incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) in China and other regions were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The epidemic burden and change trend of STIs in China were compared and evaluated. Results In 2019, STIs affected about 242 million people in China, resulting in 173 million new cases and 350 000 person years of DALY losses. Compared with 1990, the prevalence and incidence of STIs increased by 59.75% and 30.02%, respectively, and the number of DALY decreased by 35.19%. From 1990 to 2019, the incidence rate of chlamydia infection and gonococcal infection in the young and middle-aged group (aged 15-49 years) showed an upward trend; in addition, the DALY rate of genital herpes and trichomoniasis also increased. Among the 5 STIs, the disease burden caused by trichomoniasis infection in women was much higher than that in men. With the increase in the socio-demographic index (SDI), the burden of STIs in China gradually decreased. After the SDI exceeded 0.65, the decline rate of standardized DALY rate sharply increased. Conclusion The disease burden of STIs in China shows a downward trend from 1990 to 2019, and the disease burden of the young and middle-aged group (aged 15-49 years) is the most significant, especially in trichomoniasis and chlamydia infection.

Citation： YANG Xiaoyu, CHEN Dongyu, WANG Hongxin, FAN Wenlong, PAN Suyue, HU Min, HUANG Qiao, WANG Pu, HE Yuqing. Epidemiological trends of five sexually transmitted infections in China. Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine, 2022, 22(7): 778-784. doi: 10.7507/1672-2531.202202038 Copy

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2.	Rowley J, Vander Hoorn S, Korenromp E, et al. Chlamydia, gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis and syphilis: global prevalence and incidence estimates, 2016. Bull World Health Organ, 2019, 97(8): 548-562.
3.	Looker KJ, Johnston C, Welton NJ, et al. The global and regional burden of genital ulcer disease due to herpes simplex virus: a natural history modelling study. BMJ Glob Health, 2020, 5(3): e001875.
4.	Ye X, Liu J, Yi Z. Trends in the epidemiology of sexually transmitted disease, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), gonorrhea, and syphilis, in the 31 provinces of mainland China. Med Sci Monit, 2019, 25: 5657-5665.
5.	WHO. Report on global sexually transmitted infection surveillance 2018. Available at: http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/stis-surveillance-2018/en/.
6.	Chesson HW, Spicknall IH, Bingham A, et al. The estimated direct lifetime medical costs of sexually transmitted infections acquired in the United States in 2018. Sex Transm Dis, 2021, 48(4): 215-221.
7.	Zhou M, Wang H, Zeng X, et al. Mortality, morbidity, and risk factors in China and its provinces, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2017. Lancet, 2019, 394(10204): 1145-1158.
8.	Chang SX, Chen KK, Liu XT, et al. Cross-sectional study of asymptomatic Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis infections in sexually transmitted disease related clinics in Shenzhen, China. PLoS One, 2020, 15(6): e0234261.
9.	Hu H, Zhou Y, Shi L, et al. High prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection among women attending STD and gynecology clinics in Jiangsu province, China: A cross-sectional survey. Medicine (Baltimore), 2021, 100(46): e27599.
10.	王洪琳, 蔡于茂, 張春來, 等. 深圳市性傳播疾病門診患者淋病奈瑟菌感染狀況及相關因素分析. 中華流行病學雜志, 2020, 41(5): 743-746.
11.	GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet, 2020, 396(10258): 1204-1222.
12.	胡依, 郭芮綺, 閔淑慧, 等. 1990-2019年中國老年人群跌倒疾病負擔分析. 現代預防醫學, 2021, 48(9): 1542-1545,1630.
13.	Zheng Y, Yu Q, Lin Y, et al. Global burden and trends of sexually transmitted infections from 1990 to 2019: an observational trend study. Lancet Infect Dis, 2022, 22(4): 541-551.
14.	Wu J, Liu J, Li S, et al. Trends in the prevalence and disability-adjusted life years of eating disorders from 1990 to 2017: results from the global burden of disease study 2017. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci, 2020, 29: e191.
15.	陳東宇, 楊曉雨, 王紅心, 等. 中國居民1990—2019年皮膚及皮下疾病疾病負擔變化趨勢. 中國公共衛生, 2022, 38(5): 529-533.
16.	Wu J, Lai T, Han H, et al. Global, regional and national disability-adjusted life years due to HIV from 1990 to 2019: findings from the global burden of disease study 2019. Trop Med Int Health, 2021, 26(6): 610-620.
17.	Kim HJ, Fay MP, Feuer EJ, et al. Permutation tests for joinpoint regression with applications to cancer rates. Stat Med, 2000, 19(3): 335-351.
18.	李宜臻, 鄭怡, 鄧玉皎, 等. 1990-2019年中國女性乳腺癌疾病負擔及危險因素研究. 中國循證醫學雜志, 2021, 21(8): 876-881.
19.	陳祥生. 我國性傳播疾病防治的70年: 歷程與成就. 國際流行病學傳染病學雜志, 2019, (4): 259-263.
20.	陳祥生, 姜婷婷. 我國性傳播疾病的流行與防治. 皮膚科學通報, 2021, 38(1): 1-7, 105.
21.	Joo SY, Goo YK, Ryu JS, et al. Epidemiology of trichomoniasis in South Korea and increasing trend in incidence, health insurance review and assessment 2009-2014. PLoS One, 2016, 11(12): e0167938.
22.	Schwebke JR, Burgess D. Trichomoniasis. Clin Microbiol Rev, 2004, 17(4): 794-803.
23.	Dong Y, Wang L, Burgner DP, et al. Infectious diseases in children and adolescents in China: analysis of national surveillance data from 2008 to 2017. BMJ, 2020, 369: m1043.
24.	Wong T, Singh A, Mann J, et al. Gender differences in bacterial STIs in Canada. BMC Womens Health, 2004, 4(Suppl 1): S26.
25.	Hook EW. Gender differences in risk for sexually transmitted diseases. Am J Med Sci, 2012, 343(1): 10-11.
26.	任艷玲. 免疫檢驗與常規檢測在孕婦產前檢查中的臨床價值. 中國實用醫藥, 2021, 16(9): 38-40.
27.	朱俊民, 李寧. 磁微粒化學發光法在梅毒螺旋體特異性抗體檢測中的應用價值. 臨床研究, 2021, 29(10): 116-117.
28.	王娟梅, 方孝美, 宋冰. 三種梅毒螺旋體特異性抗體檢測方法性能評價. 中國麻風皮膚病雜志, 2021, 37(12): 768-771.
29.	胡躍華, 李鎰沖, 劉世煒, 等. 中國20年間淋球菌, 性傳播衣原體, 梅毒螺旋體的發病情況及其疾病負擔. 疾病監測, 2015, 30(11): 904-910.
30.	應對新型冠狀病毒感染的肺炎疫情聯防聯控工作機制. 關于加強新型冠狀病毒感染的肺炎疫情社區防控工作的通知. Available at: http://www.nhc.gov.cn/jkj/s3577/202001/dd1e502534004a8d88b6a10f329a3369.shtml.
31.	Pagaoa M, Grey J, Torrone E, et al. Trends in nationally notifiable sexually transmitted disease case reports during the US COVID-19 pandemic, January to December 2020. Sex Transm Dis, 2021, 48(10): 798-804.
32.	袁風順, 劉莉, 劉倫皓, 等. 四川省2020年1季度HIV/AIDS病例報告與新冠肺炎疫情相關性分析. 中國艾滋病性病, 2020, 26(11): 1178-1181.
33.	鄧小芳, 劉君輝, 湯洪洋, 等. 南寧市新冠肺炎疫情對HIV/AIDS病例報告的影響探析. 中國皮膚性病學雜志, 2021, 35(11): 1257-1261.
34.	Xu JJ, Tang WM, Zou HC, et al. High HIV incidence epidemic among men who have sex with men in china: results from a multi-site cross-sectional study. Infect Dis Poverty, 2016, 5(1): 82.

1. Rahimzadeh S, Naderimagham S, Rohani-Rasaf M, et al. Burden of sexually transmitted infections in iran from 1990 to 2010: results from the global burden of disease study 2010. Arch Iran Med, 2016, 19(11): 768-773.
2. Rowley J, Vander Hoorn S, Korenromp E, et al. Chlamydia, gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis and syphilis: global prevalence and incidence estimates, 2016. Bull World Health Organ, 2019, 97(8): 548-562.
3. Looker KJ, Johnston C, Welton NJ, et al. The global and regional burden of genital ulcer disease due to herpes simplex virus: a natural history modelling study. BMJ Glob Health, 2020, 5(3): e001875.
4. Ye X, Liu J, Yi Z. Trends in the epidemiology of sexually transmitted disease, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), gonorrhea, and syphilis, in the 31 provinces of mainland China. Med Sci Monit, 2019, 25: 5657-5665.
5. WHO. Report on global sexually transmitted infection surveillance 2018. Available at: http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/stis-surveillance-2018/en/.
6. Chesson HW, Spicknall IH, Bingham A, et al. The estimated direct lifetime medical costs of sexually transmitted infections acquired in the United States in 2018. Sex Transm Dis, 2021, 48(4): 215-221.
7. Zhou M, Wang H, Zeng X, et al. Mortality, morbidity, and risk factors in China and its provinces, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2017. Lancet, 2019, 394(10204): 1145-1158.
8. Chang SX, Chen KK, Liu XT, et al. Cross-sectional study of asymptomatic Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis infections in sexually transmitted disease related clinics in Shenzhen, China. PLoS One, 2020, 15(6): e0234261.
9. Hu H, Zhou Y, Shi L, et al. High prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection among women attending STD and gynecology clinics in Jiangsu province, China: A cross-sectional survey. Medicine (Baltimore), 2021, 100(46): e27599.
10. 王洪琳, 蔡于茂, 張春來, 等. 深圳市性傳播疾病門診患者淋病奈瑟菌感染狀況及相關因素分析. 中華流行病學雜志, 2020, 41(5): 743-746.
11. GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet, 2020, 396(10258): 1204-1222.
12. 胡依, 郭芮綺, 閔淑慧, 等. 1990-2019年中國老年人群跌倒疾病負擔分析. 現代預防醫學, 2021, 48(9): 1542-1545,1630.
13. Zheng Y, Yu Q, Lin Y, et al. Global burden and trends of sexually transmitted infections from 1990 to 2019: an observational trend study. Lancet Infect Dis, 2022, 22(4): 541-551.
14. Wu J, Liu J, Li S, et al. Trends in the prevalence and disability-adjusted life years of eating disorders from 1990 to 2017: results from the global burden of disease study 2017. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci, 2020, 29: e191.
15. 陳東宇, 楊曉雨, 王紅心, 等. 中國居民1990—2019年皮膚及皮下疾病疾病負擔變化趨勢. 中國公共衛生, 2022, 38(5): 529-533.
16. Wu J, Lai T, Han H, et al. Global, regional and national disability-adjusted life years due to HIV from 1990 to 2019: findings from the global burden of disease study 2019. Trop Med Int Health, 2021, 26(6): 610-620.
17. Kim HJ, Fay MP, Feuer EJ, et al. Permutation tests for joinpoint regression with applications to cancer rates. Stat Med, 2000, 19(3): 335-351.
18. 李宜臻, 鄭怡, 鄧玉皎, 等. 1990-2019年中國女性乳腺癌疾病負擔及危險因素研究. 中國循證醫學雜志, 2021, 21(8): 876-881.
19. 陳祥生. 我國性傳播疾病防治的70年: 歷程與成就. 國際流行病學傳染病學雜志, 2019, (4): 259-263.
20. 陳祥生, 姜婷婷. 我國性傳播疾病的流行與防治. 皮膚科學通報, 2021, 38(1): 1-7, 105.
21. Joo SY, Goo YK, Ryu JS, et al. Epidemiology of trichomoniasis in South Korea and increasing trend in incidence, health insurance review and assessment 2009-2014. PLoS One, 2016, 11(12): e0167938.
22. Schwebke JR, Burgess D. Trichomoniasis. Clin Microbiol Rev, 2004, 17(4): 794-803.
23. Dong Y, Wang L, Burgner DP, et al. Infectious diseases in children and adolescents in China: analysis of national surveillance data from 2008 to 2017. BMJ, 2020, 369: m1043.
24. Wong T, Singh A, Mann J, et al. Gender differences in bacterial STIs in Canada. BMC Womens Health, 2004, 4(Suppl 1): S26.
25. Hook EW. Gender differences in risk for sexually transmitted diseases. Am J Med Sci, 2012, 343(1): 10-11.
26. 任艷玲. 免疫檢驗與常規檢測在孕婦產前檢查中的臨床價值. 中國實用醫藥, 2021, 16(9): 38-40.
27. 朱俊民, 李寧. 磁微粒化學發光法在梅毒螺旋體特異性抗體檢測中的應用價值. 臨床研究, 2021, 29(10): 116-117.
28. 王娟梅, 方孝美, 宋冰. 三種梅毒螺旋體特異性抗體檢測方法性能評價. 中國麻風皮膚病雜志, 2021, 37(12): 768-771.
29. 胡躍華, 李鎰沖, 劉世煒, 等. 中國20年間淋球菌, 性傳播衣原體, 梅毒螺旋體的發病情況及其疾病負擔. 疾病監測, 2015, 30(11): 904-910.
30. 應對新型冠狀病毒感染的肺炎疫情聯防聯控工作機制. 關于加強新型冠狀病毒感染的肺炎疫情社區防控工作的通知. Available at: http://www.nhc.gov.cn/jkj/s3577/202001/dd1e502534004a8d88b6a10f329a3369.shtml.
31. Pagaoa M, Grey J, Torrone E, et al. Trends in nationally notifiable sexually transmitted disease case reports during the US COVID-19 pandemic, January to December 2020. Sex Transm Dis, 2021, 48(10): 798-804.
32. 袁風順, 劉莉, 劉倫皓, 等. 四川省2020年1季度HIV/AIDS病例報告與新冠肺炎疫情相關性分析. 中國艾滋病性病, 2020, 26(11): 1178-1181.
33. 鄧小芳, 劉君輝, 湯洪洋, 等. 南寧市新冠肺炎疫情對HIV/AIDS病例報告的影響探析. 中國皮膚性病學雜志, 2021, 35(11): 1257-1261.
34. Xu JJ, Tang WM, Zou HC, et al. High HIV incidence epidemic among men who have sex with men in china: results from a multi-site cross-sectional study. Infect Dis Poverty, 2016, 5(1): 82.

Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine

Epidemiological trends of five sexually transmitted infections in China

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