不同體成分指標對肺功能影響及其在呼吸康復中的臨床應用前景_Chinese Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

Authors：

李辛嵐 ,  徐維國 , 楊靜 , 朱靜 , 趙靜

電子科技大學附屬醫學院綿陽市中心醫院呼吸與危重癥醫學科（四川綿陽 621000）;

Corresponding?author：

徐維國, Email: xwg522630@126.com

Keywords：

DOI：

10.7507/1671-6205.202602017

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Citation： 李辛嵐, 徐維國, 楊靜, 朱靜, 趙靜. 不同體成分指標對肺功能影響及其在呼吸康復中的臨床應用前景. Chinese Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2026, 25(8): 597-602. doi: 10.7507/1671-6205.202602017 Copy

1.	基本公共衛生服務項目基層慢阻肺病病防治管理辦公室, 國家慢性呼吸疾病防治辦公室, 國家呼吸醫學中心, 等. 國家基層慢性阻塞性肺疾病防治及管理實施指南(2025)[J]. 中華全科醫師雜志, 2026, 25(1): 6-24.
2.	王衛慶, 萬沁, 馬建華, 等. 中國成人體重管理指南[J]. 中華內分泌代謝雜志, 2025, 41(11): 891-907.
3.	Bordoni B, Escher AR. Obesity and the Importance of Breathing[J]. Cureus, 2025, 17(1): e77431.
4.	Lv R, Liu X, Zhang Y, et al. Pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic approaches in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome[J]. Signal Transduct Target Ther, 2023, 8(1): 218.
5.	Sun T, Wang J, Zheng M, et al. Assessment of the Relationship Between Genetic Determinants of Obesity, Unhealthy Eating Habits and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Mendelian Randomisation Study[J]. COPD, 2024, 21(1): 2309236.
6.	Dixon AE, Que LG. Obesity and Asthma[J]. Semin Respir Crit Care Med, 2022, 43(5): 662-674.
7.	Komici K, D'Amico F, Verderosa S, et al. Impact of Body Composition Parameters on Lung Function in Athletes[J]. Nutrients, 2022, 14(18): 3844.
8.	Oliveros E, Somers VK, Sochor O, et al. The concept of normal weight obesity[J]. Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis, 2014, 56(4): 426-433.
9.	Thompson D, Wood LG, Williams EJ, et al. Endotyping pediatric obesity-related asthma: Contribution of anthropometrics, metabolism, nutrients, and CD4+ lymphocytes to pulmonary function[J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2022, 150(4): 861-871.
10.	Rabec C, Janssens JP, Murphy PB. Ventilation in the obese: physiological insights and management[J]. Eur Respir Rev, 2025, 34(176): 240190.
11.	宋心月, 徐文靜, 段昊玙, 梁斌苗. 成人超重和肥胖患者體重指數與肺功能的關系[J]. 中國呼吸與危重監護雜志, 2024, 23(11): 802-806.
12.	Buras ED, Woo MS, Kaul Verma R, et al. Thrombospondin-1 promotes fibro-adipogenic stromal expansion and contractile dysfunction of the diaphragm in obesity[J]. JCI Insight, 2024, 9(16): e175047.
13.	Rottmann S, Li J, Zurkovic J, et al. Global matrisome changes in obese lung are linked to fibroblastic stroma and premature aging[J] Cell Rep, 2025, 44(9): 116285.
14.	Perger E, Parati G, Faini A, et al. Acetazolamide Plus Atomoxetine for Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome Treatment[J]. Chest, 2026, 169(2): 527-537.
15.	Huang L, Wang ST, Kuo HP, et al. Effects of obesity on pulmonary function considering the transition from obstructive to restrictive pattern from childhood to young adulthood[J]. Obes Rev, 2021, 22(12): e13327.
16.	洪雪玲, 李永霞, 艾麗, 等. 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停合并2型糖尿病的機制[J]. 中國呼吸與危重監護雜志, 2024, 23(9): 666-672.
17.	Wang Y, Wan R, Hu C. Leptin/obR signaling exacerbates obesity-related neutrophilic airway inflammation through inflammatory M1 macrophages[J]. Mol Med, 2023, 29(1): 100.
18.	Ingram JL, McQuade VL, Weiss J, et al. Leptin augments IL-13-induced airway eotaxins and submucosal eosinophilia in obesity-associated asthma[J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2025, 155(3): 819-833. e10.
19.	Selle J, Dinger K, Jentgen V, et al. Maternal and perinatal obesity induce bronchial obstruction and pulmonary hypertension via IL-6-FoxO1-axis in later life[J]. Nat Commun, 2022, 13(1): 4352.
20.	Wu S, Tang W, Liu L, et al. Obesity-induced downregulation of miR-192 exacerbates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by promoting macrophage activation[J]. Cell Mol Biol Lett, 2024, 29(1): 36.
21.	Ferreira MS, Marson FAL, Wolf VLW, Ribeiro JD, Mendes RT. Lung function in obese children and adolescents without respiratory disease: a systematic review[J]. BMC Pulm Med, 2020, 20(1): 281.
22.	Ali GB, Lowe AJ, Walters EH, et al. Lifetime Body Mass Index Trajectories and Contrasting Lung Function Abnormalities in Mid-Adulthood: Data From the Tasmanian Longitudinal Health Study[J]. Respirology, 2025, 30(3): 230-241.
23.	Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO consultation[J]. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser, 2000, 894: 1-253.
24.	O'Donnell DE, Deesomchok A, Lam YM, et al. Effects of BMI on static lung volumes in patients with airway obstruction[J]. Chest, 2011, 140(2): 461-468.
25.	Mur?i? D, Glun?i? TJ, Ostoji? J, et al. Body composition, pulmonary function tests, exercise capacity, and quality of life in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with obesity[J]. Postgrad Med J, 2024, 100(1185): 469-474.
26.	Kao TA, Ling J, Hawn R, et al. The effects of motivational interviewing on children's body mass index and fat distributions: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Obes Rev, 2021, 22(10): e13308.
27.	Tenda ED, Henrina J, Setiadharma A, et al. The impact of body mass index on mortality in COPD: an updated dose-response meta-analysis[J]. Eur Respir Rev, 2024, 33(174): 230261.
28.	Kunutsor SK, Whitehouse MR, Blom AW. Obesity paradox in joint replacement for osteoarthritis - truth or paradox[J]? Geroscience, 2022, 44(2): 651-659.
29.	Valenzuela PL, Carrera-Bastos P, Castillo-García A, et al. Obesity and the risk of cardiometabolic diseases. Nat Rev Cardiol[J]. 2023, 20(7): 475-494.
30.	Simati S, Kokkinos A, Dalamaga M, et al. Obesity Paradox: Fact or Fiction[J]? Curr Obes Rep, 2023, 12(2): 75-85.
31.	Alebna PL, Mehta A, Yehya A, et al. Update on obesity, the obesity paradox, and obesity management in heart failure[J]. Prog Cardiovasc Dis, 2024, 82: 34-42.
32.	Attaway AH, Mehra R, Zein JG, et al. Nocturnal Hypoxemia Is Associated with Sarcopenia in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease[J]. Ann Am Thorac Soc, 2024, 21(9): 1316-1325.
33.	中華人民共和國衛生和計劃生育委員會. WS/T 428-2013 成人體重判定[S]. 北京: 中國標準出版社, 2013.
34.	World Health Organization. Waist circumference and waist-hip ratio : report of a WHO expert consultation[C], Geneva, 8-11 December 2008.
35.	Rowe A, Hernandez P, Kuhle S, et al. The association between anthropometric measures and lung function in a population-based study of Canadian adults[J]. Respir Med, 2017, 131: 199-204.
36.	Chen Y, Rennie D, Cormier YF, et al. Waist circumference is associated with pulmonary function in normal-weight, overweight, and obese subjects[J]. Am J Clin Nutr, 2007, 85(1): 35-39.
37.	Xu Z, Zhuang L, Li L, et al. Association between waist circumference and lung function in American middle-aged and older adults: findings from NHANES 2007-2012[J]. J Health Popul Nutr, 2024, 43(1): 98.
38.	Zhang X, Chen H, Gu K, et al. Association of Body Mass Index and Abdominal obesity with the risk of airflow obstruction: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2012[J]. COPD J Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis, 2022, 19: 99-108.
39.	Zeng X, Liu D, An Z, et al. Obesity parameters in relation to lung function levels in a large Chinese rural adult population[J]. Epidemiol Health, 2021, 43: e2021047.
40.	Zhang H, Hu Z, Wang S, et al. Association of general and abdominal obesity with lung function, FeNO, and blood eosinophils in adult asthmatics: findings from NHANES 2007–2012[J]. Front Physiol, 2023, 14: 1019123.
41.	Palmas F, Ciudin A, Guerra R, et al. Comparison of computed tomography and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in the evaluation of body composition in patients with obesity[J]. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 2023, 14: 1161116.
42.	Zethof M, Mosterd CM, Collard D, et al. Differences in Body Composition Convey a Similar Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Among Different Ethnic Groups With Disparate Cardiometabolic Risk-The HELIUS Study[J]. Diabetes Care, 2021, 44(7): 1692-1698.
43.	Kim HJ, Park JH, Min JY, et al. Abdominal adiposity intensifies the negative effects of ambient air pollution on lung function in Korean men[J]. Int J Obes (Lond), 2017, 41(8): 1218-1223.
44.	Wang M, Xu K, Yang J, et al. Normal-weight obesity subtypes and 10-year risks of major vascular diseases in 0[J]. 3 million adults[J]. Clin Nutr, 2025, 45: 36-42.
45.	Wu R, Li M, Liao Y, et al. Prevalence and characteristics of sarcopenic obesity and normal weight obesity in Chinese women: a cross-sectional study based on body fat percentage[J]. BMC Public Health, 2025, 25(1): 2817.
46.	Chen YY, Kao TW, Fang WH, et al. Body fat percentage in relation to lung function in individuals with normal weight obesity[J]. Sci Rep, 2019, 9(1): 3066.
47.	Lin FC, Chen PS, Lin YC, et al. Body composition modify the association between ambient particulate matter and lung function among asthma patients[J]. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2023, 30(37): 88060-88071.
48.	Lu Y, Shan Y, Dai L, et al. Sex-specific equations to estimate body composition: Derivation and validation of diagnostic prediction models using UK Biobank[J]. Clin Nutr, 2023, 42(4): 511-518.
49.	Ofenheimer A, Breyer MK, Wouters EFM, et al. The effect of body compartments on lung function in childhood and adolescence[J]. Clin Nutr, 2024, 43(2): 476-481.
50.	Reimer RA, Theis S, Zanzer YC. The effects of chicory inulin-type fructans supplementation on weight management outcomes: systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials[J]. Am J Clin Nutr, 2024, 120(5): 1245-1258.
51.	翟迎凱. 瘦體重指數與老年AECOPD患者病情嚴重程度的相關性研究[D]. 青海大學, 2023.
52.	Choi JY, Rhee CK, Kim SH, et al. Muscle Mass Index Decline as a Predictor of Lung Function Reduction in the General Population[J]. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle,2025, 16(1): e13663.
53.	Nagy R, Gede N, Ocskay K, et al. Association of Body Mass Index With Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Cystic Fibrosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis[J]. JAMA Netw Open, 2022, 5(3): e220740.
54.	Park HK, Lee SH, Lee SY, et al. Relationships between lung function decline and skeletal muscle and fat mass changes: a longitudinal study in healthy individuals[J]. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle, 2021, 12(6): 2145-2153.
55.	Spruit MA, Singh SJ, Garvey C, et al. , ATS/ERS Task Force on Pulmonary Rehabilitation[J]. An official American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society statement: key concepts and advances in pulmonary rehabilitation[J]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2013, 188: e13-e64.
56.	McCarthy B, Casey D, Devane D, et al. Pulmonary rehabilitation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease[J]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2015, 2015: CD003793.
57.	陳欣, 賈杰, 丁毅鵬, 等. 老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病全周期康復評估與治療”呼吸與康復專家共識[J]. 康復學報, 2024, 34(6): 544-555.
58.	張云鳳, 曲玲, 朱崢, 等. 基于國際功能、殘疾和健康分類框架的慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者肺康復評估工具的構建[J]. 實用心腦肺血管病雜志, 2023, 31(3): 30-35.
59.	Cypess AM. Reassessing Human Adipose Tissue[J]. N Engl J Med, 2022, 386(8): 768-779.
60.	Salmón-Gómez L, Catalán V, Frühbeck G, et al. Relevance of body composition in phenotyping the obesities[J]. Rev Endocr Metab Disord, 2023, 24(5): 809-823.

1. 基本公共衛生服務項目基層慢阻肺病病防治管理辦公室, 國家慢性呼吸疾病防治辦公室, 國家呼吸醫學中心, 等. 國家基層慢性阻塞性肺疾病防治及管理實施指南(2025)[J]. 中華全科醫師雜志, 2026, 25(1): 6-24.
2. 王衛慶, 萬沁, 馬建華, 等. 中國成人體重管理指南[J]. 中華內分泌代謝雜志, 2025, 41(11): 891-907.
3. Bordoni B, Escher AR. Obesity and the Importance of Breathing[J]. Cureus, 2025, 17(1): e77431.
4. Lv R, Liu X, Zhang Y, et al. Pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic approaches in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome[J]. Signal Transduct Target Ther, 2023, 8(1): 218.
5. Sun T, Wang J, Zheng M, et al. Assessment of the Relationship Between Genetic Determinants of Obesity, Unhealthy Eating Habits and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Mendelian Randomisation Study[J]. COPD, 2024, 21(1): 2309236.
6. Dixon AE, Que LG. Obesity and Asthma[J]. Semin Respir Crit Care Med, 2022, 43(5): 662-674.
7. Komici K, D'Amico F, Verderosa S, et al. Impact of Body Composition Parameters on Lung Function in Athletes[J]. Nutrients, 2022, 14(18): 3844.
8. Oliveros E, Somers VK, Sochor O, et al. The concept of normal weight obesity[J]. Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis, 2014, 56(4): 426-433.
9. Thompson D, Wood LG, Williams EJ, et al. Endotyping pediatric obesity-related asthma: Contribution of anthropometrics, metabolism, nutrients, and CD4+ lymphocytes to pulmonary function[J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2022, 150(4): 861-871.
10. Rabec C, Janssens JP, Murphy PB. Ventilation in the obese: physiological insights and management[J]. Eur Respir Rev, 2025, 34(176): 240190.
11. 宋心月, 徐文靜, 段昊玙, 梁斌苗. 成人超重和肥胖患者體重指數與肺功能的關系[J]. 中國呼吸與危重監護雜志, 2024, 23(11): 802-806.
12. Buras ED, Woo MS, Kaul Verma R, et al. Thrombospondin-1 promotes fibro-adipogenic stromal expansion and contractile dysfunction of the diaphragm in obesity[J]. JCI Insight, 2024, 9(16): e175047.
13. Rottmann S, Li J, Zurkovic J, et al. Global matrisome changes in obese lung are linked to fibroblastic stroma and premature aging[J] Cell Rep, 2025, 44(9): 116285.
14. Perger E, Parati G, Faini A, et al. Acetazolamide Plus Atomoxetine for Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome Treatment[J]. Chest, 2026, 169(2): 527-537.
15. Huang L, Wang ST, Kuo HP, et al. Effects of obesity on pulmonary function considering the transition from obstructive to restrictive pattern from childhood to young adulthood[J]. Obes Rev, 2021, 22(12): e13327.
16. 洪雪玲, 李永霞, 艾麗, 等. 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停合并2型糖尿病的機制[J]. 中國呼吸與危重監護雜志, 2024, 23(9): 666-672.
17. Wang Y, Wan R, Hu C. Leptin/obR signaling exacerbates obesity-related neutrophilic airway inflammation through inflammatory M1 macrophages[J]. Mol Med, 2023, 29(1): 100.
18. Ingram JL, McQuade VL, Weiss J, et al. Leptin augments IL-13-induced airway eotaxins and submucosal eosinophilia in obesity-associated asthma[J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2025, 155(3): 819-833. e10.
19. Selle J, Dinger K, Jentgen V, et al. Maternal and perinatal obesity induce bronchial obstruction and pulmonary hypertension via IL-6-FoxO1-axis in later life[J]. Nat Commun, 2022, 13(1): 4352.
20. Wu S, Tang W, Liu L, et al. Obesity-induced downregulation of miR-192 exacerbates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by promoting macrophage activation[J]. Cell Mol Biol Lett, 2024, 29(1): 36.
21. Ferreira MS, Marson FAL, Wolf VLW, Ribeiro JD, Mendes RT. Lung function in obese children and adolescents without respiratory disease: a systematic review[J]. BMC Pulm Med, 2020, 20(1): 281.
22. Ali GB, Lowe AJ, Walters EH, et al. Lifetime Body Mass Index Trajectories and Contrasting Lung Function Abnormalities in Mid-Adulthood: Data From the Tasmanian Longitudinal Health Study[J]. Respirology, 2025, 30(3): 230-241.
23. Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO consultation[J]. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser, 2000, 894: 1-253.
24. O'Donnell DE, Deesomchok A, Lam YM, et al. Effects of BMI on static lung volumes in patients with airway obstruction[J]. Chest, 2011, 140(2): 461-468.
25. Mur?i? D, Glun?i? TJ, Ostoji? J, et al. Body composition, pulmonary function tests, exercise capacity, and quality of life in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with obesity[J]. Postgrad Med J, 2024, 100(1185): 469-474.
26. Kao TA, Ling J, Hawn R, et al. The effects of motivational interviewing on children's body mass index and fat distributions: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Obes Rev, 2021, 22(10): e13308.
27. Tenda ED, Henrina J, Setiadharma A, et al. The impact of body mass index on mortality in COPD: an updated dose-response meta-analysis[J]. Eur Respir Rev, 2024, 33(174): 230261.
28. Kunutsor SK, Whitehouse MR, Blom AW. Obesity paradox in joint replacement for osteoarthritis - truth or paradox[J]? Geroscience, 2022, 44(2): 651-659.
29. Valenzuela PL, Carrera-Bastos P, Castillo-García A, et al. Obesity and the risk of cardiometabolic diseases. Nat Rev Cardiol[J]. 2023, 20(7): 475-494.
30. Simati S, Kokkinos A, Dalamaga M, et al. Obesity Paradox: Fact or Fiction[J]? Curr Obes Rep, 2023, 12(2): 75-85.
31. Alebna PL, Mehta A, Yehya A, et al. Update on obesity, the obesity paradox, and obesity management in heart failure[J]. Prog Cardiovasc Dis, 2024, 82: 34-42.
32. Attaway AH, Mehra R, Zein JG, et al. Nocturnal Hypoxemia Is Associated with Sarcopenia in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease[J]. Ann Am Thorac Soc, 2024, 21(9): 1316-1325.
33. 中華人民共和國衛生和計劃生育委員會. WS/T 428-2013 成人體重判定[S]. 北京: 中國標準出版社, 2013.
34. World Health Organization. Waist circumference and waist-hip ratio : report of a WHO expert consultation[C], Geneva, 8-11 December 2008.
35. Rowe A, Hernandez P, Kuhle S, et al. The association between anthropometric measures and lung function in a population-based study of Canadian adults[J]. Respir Med, 2017, 131: 199-204.
36. Chen Y, Rennie D, Cormier YF, et al. Waist circumference is associated with pulmonary function in normal-weight, overweight, and obese subjects[J]. Am J Clin Nutr, 2007, 85(1): 35-39.
37. Xu Z, Zhuang L, Li L, et al. Association between waist circumference and lung function in American middle-aged and older adults: findings from NHANES 2007-2012[J]. J Health Popul Nutr, 2024, 43(1): 98.
38. Zhang X, Chen H, Gu K, et al. Association of Body Mass Index and Abdominal obesity with the risk of airflow obstruction: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2012[J]. COPD J Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis, 2022, 19: 99-108.
39. Zeng X, Liu D, An Z, et al. Obesity parameters in relation to lung function levels in a large Chinese rural adult population[J]. Epidemiol Health, 2021, 43: e2021047.
40. Zhang H, Hu Z, Wang S, et al. Association of general and abdominal obesity with lung function, FeNO, and blood eosinophils in adult asthmatics: findings from NHANES 2007–2012[J]. Front Physiol, 2023, 14: 1019123.
41. Palmas F, Ciudin A, Guerra R, et al. Comparison of computed tomography and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in the evaluation of body composition in patients with obesity[J]. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 2023, 14: 1161116.
42. Zethof M, Mosterd CM, Collard D, et al. Differences in Body Composition Convey a Similar Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Among Different Ethnic Groups With Disparate Cardiometabolic Risk-The HELIUS Study[J]. Diabetes Care, 2021, 44(7): 1692-1698.
43. Kim HJ, Park JH, Min JY, et al. Abdominal adiposity intensifies the negative effects of ambient air pollution on lung function in Korean men[J]. Int J Obes (Lond), 2017, 41(8): 1218-1223.
44. Wang M, Xu K, Yang J, et al. Normal-weight obesity subtypes and 10-year risks of major vascular diseases in 0[J]. 3 million adults[J]. Clin Nutr, 2025, 45: 36-42.
45. Wu R, Li M, Liao Y, et al. Prevalence and characteristics of sarcopenic obesity and normal weight obesity in Chinese women: a cross-sectional study based on body fat percentage[J]. BMC Public Health, 2025, 25(1): 2817.
46. Chen YY, Kao TW, Fang WH, et al. Body fat percentage in relation to lung function in individuals with normal weight obesity[J]. Sci Rep, 2019, 9(1): 3066.
47. Lin FC, Chen PS, Lin YC, et al. Body composition modify the association between ambient particulate matter and lung function among asthma patients[J]. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2023, 30(37): 88060-88071.
48. Lu Y, Shan Y, Dai L, et al. Sex-specific equations to estimate body composition: Derivation and validation of diagnostic prediction models using UK Biobank[J]. Clin Nutr, 2023, 42(4): 511-518.
49. Ofenheimer A, Breyer MK, Wouters EFM, et al. The effect of body compartments on lung function in childhood and adolescence[J]. Clin Nutr, 2024, 43(2): 476-481.
50. Reimer RA, Theis S, Zanzer YC. The effects of chicory inulin-type fructans supplementation on weight management outcomes: systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials[J]. Am J Clin Nutr, 2024, 120(5): 1245-1258.
51. 翟迎凱. 瘦體重指數與老年AECOPD患者病情嚴重程度的相關性研究[D]. 青海大學, 2023.
52. Choi JY, Rhee CK, Kim SH, et al. Muscle Mass Index Decline as a Predictor of Lung Function Reduction in the General Population[J]. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle,2025, 16(1): e13663.
53. Nagy R, Gede N, Ocskay K, et al. Association of Body Mass Index With Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Cystic Fibrosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis[J]. JAMA Netw Open, 2022, 5(3): e220740.
54. Park HK, Lee SH, Lee SY, et al. Relationships between lung function decline and skeletal muscle and fat mass changes: a longitudinal study in healthy individuals[J]. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle, 2021, 12(6): 2145-2153.
55. Spruit MA, Singh SJ, Garvey C, et al. , ATS/ERS Task Force on Pulmonary Rehabilitation[J]. An official American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society statement: key concepts and advances in pulmonary rehabilitation[J]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2013, 188: e13-e64.
56. McCarthy B, Casey D, Devane D, et al. Pulmonary rehabilitation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease[J]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2015, 2015: CD003793.
57. 陳欣, 賈杰, 丁毅鵬, 等. 老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病全周期康復評估與治療”呼吸與康復專家共識[J]. 康復學報, 2024, 34(6): 544-555.
58. 張云鳳, 曲玲, 朱崢, 等. 基于國際功能、殘疾和健康分類框架的慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者肺康復評估工具的構建[J]. 實用心腦肺血管病雜志, 2023, 31(3): 30-35.
59. Cypess AM. Reassessing Human Adipose Tissue[J]. N Engl J Med, 2022, 386(8): 768-779.
60. Salmón-Gómez L, Catalán V, Frühbeck G, et al. Relevance of body composition in phenotyping the obesities[J]. Rev Endocr Metab Disord, 2023, 24(5): 809-823.

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