梁小波,
Email: liangxiaobo@medmail.com.cn
Citation： 梁小波, 陶凱. Clinical Complete Response to Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Patients with Rectal Cancer:Controversy and Confusion of Treatment Strategies. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2014, 21(11): 1338-1343. doi: 10.7507/1007-9424.20140323 Copy
Copyright ? the editorial department of CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY of West China Medical Publisher. All rights reserved
| 1. | ?Frei E 3rd.Clinical cancer research:an embattled species[J].Cancer, 1982, 50(10):1979-1992. |
| 2. | Grosso F, Mandalà M, Maglione V, et al.Neoadjuvant therapy and mini-invasive total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer:feasibility and outcome analysis from a single institution prospectively collected data base[J].Tumori, 2012, 98(6):689-695. |
| 3. | van Gijn W, Marijnen CA, Nagtegaal ID, et al.Preoperative radiotherapy combined with total mesorectal excision for resectable rectal cancer:12-year follow-up of the multicentre, randomised controlled TME trial[J].Lancet Oncol, 2011, 12(6):575-582. |
| 4. | Sauer R, Becker H, Hohenberger W, et al.Preoperative versus postoperative chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer[J].N Engl J Med, 2004, 351(17):1731-1740. |
| 5. | Bosset JF, Collette L, Calais GA, et al.Chemotherapy with preoperative radiotherapy in rectal cancer[J].N Engl J Med, 2006, 355(11):1114-1123. |
| 6. | Gérard JP, Conroy T, Bonnetain F, et al.Preoperative radiotherapy with or without concurrent fluorouracil and leucovorin in T3-4 rectal cancers:results of FFCD 9203[J].J Clin Oncol, 2006, 24(28):4620-4625. |
| 7. | Torino F, Sarmiento R, Gasparini G.The contribution of targeted therapy to the neoadjuvant chemoradiation of rectal cancer[J].Crit Rev Oncol Hematol, 2013, 87(3):283-305. |
| 8. | Hiotis SP, Weber SM, Cohen AM, et al.Assessing the predictive value of clinical complete response to neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer:an analysis of 488 patients[J].J Am Coll Surg, 2002, 194(2):131-136. |
| 9. | Mohiuddin M, Regine WF, John WJ, et al.Preoperative chemoradiation in fixed distal rectal cancer:dose time factors for pathological complete response[J].Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 2000, 46(4):883-888. |
| 10. | Tran CL, Udani S, Holt A, et al.Evaluation of safety of increased time interval between chemoradiation and resection for rectal cancer[J].Am J Surg, 2006, 192(6):873-877. |
| 11. | Francois Y, Nemoz CJ, Baulieux J, et al.Influence of the interval between preoperative radiation therapy and surgery on downstaging and on the rate of sphincter-sparing surgery for rectal cancer:the Lyon R90-01 randomized trial[J].J Clin Oncol, 1999, 17(8):2396. |
| 12. | Wiltshire KL, Ward IG, Swallow C, et al.Preoperative radiation with concurrent chemotherapy for resectable rectal cancer:effect of dose escalation on pathologic complete response, local recurrence-free survival, disease-free survival, and overall survival[J].Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 2006, 64(3):709-716. |
| 13. | Garcia-Aguilar J, Smith DD, Avila K, et al.Optimal timing of surgery after chemoradiation for advanced rectal cancer:preliminary results of a multicenter, nonrandomized phaseⅡprospective trial[J].Ann Surg, 2011, 254(1):97-102. |
| 14. | Kerr SF, Norton S, Glynne-Jones R.Delaying surgery after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer may reduce postoperative morbidity without compromising prognosis[J].Br J Surg, 2008, 95(12):1534-1540. |
| 15. | Tulchinsky H, Shmueli E, Figer A, et al.An interval >7 weeks between neoadjuvant therapy and surgery improves pathologic complete response and disease-free survival in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer[J].Ann Surg Oncol, 2008, 15(10):2661-2667. |
| 16. | Folkesson J, Birgisson H, Pahlman L, et al.Swedish rectal cancer trial:long lasting benefits from radiotherapy on survival and local recurrence rate[J].J Clin Oncol, 2005, 23(24):5644-5650. |
| 17. | Alexis Ulrich & Jessica Schwerdt & Kaspar Zgraggen.et al.Acceptance of neoadjuvant short-term radiotherapy:a survey under surgeons and radiotherapists.Langenbecks.Arch Surg(2007)392:525-533. |
| 18. | Bujko K, Bujko M.Point:short-course radiation therapy is preferable in the neoadjuvant treatment of rectal cancer[J].Semin Radiat Oncol, 2011, 21(3):220-227. |
| 19. | Marijnen CA, Nagtegaal ID, Klein Kranenbarg E, et al.No downstaging after short-term preoperative radiotherapy in rectal cancer patients[J].J Clin Oncol, 2001, 19(7):1976-1984. |
| 20. | Pach R, Kulig J, Richter P, et al.Randomized clinical trial on preoperative radiotherapy 25 Gy in rectal cancer-treatment results at 5-year follow-up[J].Langenbecks Arch Surg, 2012, 397(5):801-807. |
| 21. | Kim NK, Kim MJ, Park JK, et al.Preoperative staging of rectal cancer with MRI:accuracy and clinical usefulness[J].Ann Surg Oncol, 2000, 7(10):732-737. |
| 22. | Gagliardi G, Bayar S, Smith R, et al.Preoperative staging of rectal cancer using magnetic resonance imaging with external phase-arrayed coils[J].Arch Surg, 2002, 137(4):447-451. |
| 23. | Matsuoka H, Nakamura A, Masaki T, et al.Comparison between endorectal coil and pelvic phased-array coil magnetic resonance imaging in patients with anorectal tumor[J].Am J Surg, 2003, 185(4):328-332. |
| 24. | 周妮娜, 陳敏, 王文超, 等.動態增強磁共振成像對直腸癌術前新輔助治療療效的評價[J].磁共振成像, 2010, 1(2):103-109. |
| 25. | Glaser F, Schlag P, Herfarth C.Endorectal ultrasonography for the assessment of invasion of rectal tumours and lymph node involvement[J].Br J Surg, 1990, 77(8):883-887. |
| 26. | Herzog U, von Flüe M, Tondelli P, et al.How accurate is endorectal ultrasound in the preoperative staging of rectal cancer?[J].Dis Colon Rectum, 1993, 36(2):127-134. |
| 27. | Kim NK, Kim MJ, Yun SH, et al.Comparative study of transrectal ultrasonography, pelvic computerized tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging in preoperative staging of rectal cancer[J].Dis Colon Rectum, 1999, 42(6):770-775. |
| 28. | Kuo LJ, Chiou JF, Tai CJ, et al.Can we predict pathologic complete response before surgery for locally advanced rectal cancer treated with preoperative chemoradiation therapy?[J].Int J Colorectal Dis, 2012, 27(5):613-621. |
| 29. | Chen CC, Lee RC, Lin JK, et al.How accurate is magnetic resonance imaging in restaging rectal cancer in patients receiving preoperative combined chemoradiotherapy?[J].Dis Colon Rectum, 2005, 48(4):722-728. |
| 30. | Mathur P, Smith JJ, Ramsey C, et al.Comparison of CT and MRI in the pre-operative staging of rectal adenocarcinoma and prediction of circumferential resection margin involvement by MRI[J].Colorectal Dis, 2003, 5(5):396-401. |
| 31. | Napoleon B, Pujol B, Berger F, et al.Accuracy of endosonography in the staging of rectal cancer treated by radiotherapy[J].Br J Surg, 1991, 78(7):785-788. |
| 32. | Vanagunas A, Lin DE, Stryker SJ.Accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound for restaging rectal cancer following neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy[J].Am J Gastroenterol, 2004, 99(1):109-112. |
| 33. | Engin G, Sharifov R, Güral Z, et al.Can diffusion-weighted MRI determine complete responders after neoadjuvant chemoradiation for locally advanced rectal cancer?[J].Diagn Interv Radiol, 2012, 18(6):574-581. |
| 34. | Cho YB, Chun HK, Kim MJ, et al.Accuracy of MRI and 18F-FDG PET/CT for restaging after preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer[J].World J Surg, 2009, 33(12):2688-2694. |
| 35. | Zieren J, Paul M, Menenakos C.Transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) vs.radical surgery (RS) in the treatment of rectal cancer:indications, limitations, prospectives.A review[J].Acta Gastroent erol Belg, 2007, 70(4):374-80. |
| 36. | 董功航, 丁衛星, 鄧艷紅, 等.新輔助放化療后直腸癌的臨床病理學研究[J].中華外科雜志, 2008, 46(22):1748-1749. |
| 37. | Mandard AM, Dalibard F, Mandard JC, et al.Pathologic assessment of tumor regression after preoperative chemoradiotherapy of esophageal carcinoma.Clinicopathologic correlations[J].Cancer, 1994, 73(11):2680-2686. |
| 38. | Dworak O, Keilholz L, Hoffmann A.Pathological features of rectal cancer after preoperative radiochemotherapy[J].Int J Colorectal Dis, 1997, 12(1):19-23. |
| 39. | Wheeler JM, Warren BF, Mortensen NJ, et al.Quantification of histologic regression of rectal cancer after irradiation:a proposal for a modified staging system[J].Dis Colon Rectum, 2002, 45(8):1051-1056. |
| 40. | Gollins S.Radiation, chemotherapy and biological therapy in the curative treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer[J].Colorectal Dis, 2010, 12 Suppl 2:2-24. |
| 41. | Nakagawa WT, Rossi BM, de O Ferreira F, et al.Chemoradiation instead of surgery to treat mid and low rectal tumors:is it safe?[J].Ann Surg Oncol, 2002, 9(6):568-573. |
| 42. | Nair RM, Siegel EM, Chen DT, et al.Long-term results of transanal excision after neoadjuvant chemoradiation for T2 and T3 adenocarcinomas of the rectum[J].J Gastrointest Surg, 2008, 12(10):1797-1806. |
| 43. | Chessin DB, Enker W, Cohen AM, et al.Complications after preoperative combined modality therapy and radical resection of locally advanced rectal cancer:A 14-year experience from a specialty service[J].J Am Coll Surg, 2005, 200(6):876-884. |
| 44. | Eriksen MT, Wibe A, Norstein J, et al.Anastomotic leakage following routine mesorectal excision for rectal cancer in a national cohort of patients[J].Colorectal Dis, 2005, 7(1):51-57. |
| 45. | Matthiessen P, Hallb??k O, Andersson M, et al.Risk factors for anastomotic leakage after anterior resection of the rectum[J].Colorectal Dis, 2004, 6(6):462-469. |
| 46. | Bedrosian I, Rodriguez-Bigas MA, Feig B, et al.Predicting the node-negative mesorectum after preoperative chemoradiation for locally advanced rectal carcinoma[J].J Gastrointest Surg, 2004, 8(1):56-63. |
| 47. | Guillem JG, Chessin DB, Shia J, et al.Clinical examination following preoperative chemoradiation for rectal cancer is not a reliable surrogate end point[J].J Clin Oncol, 2005, 23(15):3475-3479. |
| 48. | Yu CS, Yun HR, Shin EJ, et al.Local excision after neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy in advanced rectal cancer:a national multicenter analysis[J].Am J Surg, 2013, 206(4):482-487. |
| 49. | Bonnen M, Crane C, Vauthey JN, et al.Long-term results using local excision after preoperative chemoradiation among selected T3 rectal cancer patients[J].Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 2004, 60(4):1098-1105. |
| 50. | Issa N, Murninkas A, Powsner E, et al.Long-term outcome of local excision after complete pathological response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy for rectal cancer[J].World J Surg, 2012, 36(10):2481-2487. |
| 51. | Habr-Gama A, Perez RO, Nadalin W, et al.Operative versus nonoperative treatment for stage 0 distal rectal cancer following chemoradiation therapy:long-term results[J].Ann Surg, 2004, 240(4):711-718. |
| 52. | Janjan NA, Crane C, Feig BW, et al.Improved overall survival among responders to preoperative chemoradiation for locally advanced rectal cancer[J].Am J Clin Oncol, 2001, 24(2):107-112. |
| 53. | Chan AK, Wong AO, Langevin J, et al.Preoperative chemotherapy and pelvic radiation for tethered or fixed rectal cancer:a phaseⅡdose escalation study[J].Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 2000, 48(3):843-856. |
| 54. | Gerard JP, Chapet O, Ramaioli A, et al.Long-term control of T2-T3 rectal adenocarcinoma with radiotherapy alone[J].Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 2002, 54(1):142-149. |
| 55. | Gerard JP, Roy P, Coquard R, et al.Combined curative radiation therapy alone in (T1) T2-3 rectal adenocarcinoma:A pilot study of 29 patients[J].Radiother Oncol, 1996, 38(2):131-137. |
| 56. | Papillon J.Present status of radiation therapy in the conservative management of rectal cancer[J].Radiother Oncol, 1990, 17(4):275-283. |
| 57. | Berard P, Papillon J.Role of pre-operative irradiation for anal preservation in cancer of the low rectum[J].World J Surg, 1992, 16(3):502-509. |
| 58. | Habr-Gama A, Perez RO, Nadalin W, et al.Long-term results of preoperative chemoradiation for distal rectal cancer correlation between final stage and survival[J].J Gastrointest Surg, 2005, 9(1):90-99. |
| 59. | Habr-Gama A.Assessment and management of the complete clinical response of rectal cancer to chemoradiotherapy[J].Colorectal Dis, 2006, 8(Suppl 3):21-24. |
- 1. ?Frei E 3rd.Clinical cancer research:an embattled species[J].Cancer, 1982, 50(10):1979-1992.
- 2. Grosso F, Mandalà M, Maglione V, et al.Neoadjuvant therapy and mini-invasive total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer:feasibility and outcome analysis from a single institution prospectively collected data base[J].Tumori, 2012, 98(6):689-695.
- 3. van Gijn W, Marijnen CA, Nagtegaal ID, et al.Preoperative radiotherapy combined with total mesorectal excision for resectable rectal cancer:12-year follow-up of the multicentre, randomised controlled TME trial[J].Lancet Oncol, 2011, 12(6):575-582.
- 4. Sauer R, Becker H, Hohenberger W, et al.Preoperative versus postoperative chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer[J].N Engl J Med, 2004, 351(17):1731-1740.
- 5. Bosset JF, Collette L, Calais GA, et al.Chemotherapy with preoperative radiotherapy in rectal cancer[J].N Engl J Med, 2006, 355(11):1114-1123.
- 6. Gérard JP, Conroy T, Bonnetain F, et al.Preoperative radiotherapy with or without concurrent fluorouracil and leucovorin in T3-4 rectal cancers:results of FFCD 9203[J].J Clin Oncol, 2006, 24(28):4620-4625.
- 7. Torino F, Sarmiento R, Gasparini G.The contribution of targeted therapy to the neoadjuvant chemoradiation of rectal cancer[J].Crit Rev Oncol Hematol, 2013, 87(3):283-305.
- 8. Hiotis SP, Weber SM, Cohen AM, et al.Assessing the predictive value of clinical complete response to neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer:an analysis of 488 patients[J].J Am Coll Surg, 2002, 194(2):131-136.
- 9. Mohiuddin M, Regine WF, John WJ, et al.Preoperative chemoradiation in fixed distal rectal cancer:dose time factors for pathological complete response[J].Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 2000, 46(4):883-888.
- 10. Tran CL, Udani S, Holt A, et al.Evaluation of safety of increased time interval between chemoradiation and resection for rectal cancer[J].Am J Surg, 2006, 192(6):873-877.
- 11. Francois Y, Nemoz CJ, Baulieux J, et al.Influence of the interval between preoperative radiation therapy and surgery on downstaging and on the rate of sphincter-sparing surgery for rectal cancer:the Lyon R90-01 randomized trial[J].J Clin Oncol, 1999, 17(8):2396.
- 12. Wiltshire KL, Ward IG, Swallow C, et al.Preoperative radiation with concurrent chemotherapy for resectable rectal cancer:effect of dose escalation on pathologic complete response, local recurrence-free survival, disease-free survival, and overall survival[J].Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 2006, 64(3):709-716.
- 13. Garcia-Aguilar J, Smith DD, Avila K, et al.Optimal timing of surgery after chemoradiation for advanced rectal cancer:preliminary results of a multicenter, nonrandomized phaseⅡprospective trial[J].Ann Surg, 2011, 254(1):97-102.
- 14. Kerr SF, Norton S, Glynne-Jones R.Delaying surgery after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer may reduce postoperative morbidity without compromising prognosis[J].Br J Surg, 2008, 95(12):1534-1540.
- 15. Tulchinsky H, Shmueli E, Figer A, et al.An interval >7 weeks between neoadjuvant therapy and surgery improves pathologic complete response and disease-free survival in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer[J].Ann Surg Oncol, 2008, 15(10):2661-2667.
- 16. Folkesson J, Birgisson H, Pahlman L, et al.Swedish rectal cancer trial:long lasting benefits from radiotherapy on survival and local recurrence rate[J].J Clin Oncol, 2005, 23(24):5644-5650.
- 17. Alexis Ulrich & Jessica Schwerdt & Kaspar Zgraggen.et al.Acceptance of neoadjuvant short-term radiotherapy:a survey under surgeons and radiotherapists.Langenbecks.Arch Surg(2007)392:525-533.
- 18. Bujko K, Bujko M.Point:short-course radiation therapy is preferable in the neoadjuvant treatment of rectal cancer[J].Semin Radiat Oncol, 2011, 21(3):220-227.
- 19. Marijnen CA, Nagtegaal ID, Klein Kranenbarg E, et al.No downstaging after short-term preoperative radiotherapy in rectal cancer patients[J].J Clin Oncol, 2001, 19(7):1976-1984.
- 20. Pach R, Kulig J, Richter P, et al.Randomized clinical trial on preoperative radiotherapy 25 Gy in rectal cancer-treatment results at 5-year follow-up[J].Langenbecks Arch Surg, 2012, 397(5):801-807.
- 21. Kim NK, Kim MJ, Park JK, et al.Preoperative staging of rectal cancer with MRI:accuracy and clinical usefulness[J].Ann Surg Oncol, 2000, 7(10):732-737.
- 22. Gagliardi G, Bayar S, Smith R, et al.Preoperative staging of rectal cancer using magnetic resonance imaging with external phase-arrayed coils[J].Arch Surg, 2002, 137(4):447-451.
- 23. Matsuoka H, Nakamura A, Masaki T, et al.Comparison between endorectal coil and pelvic phased-array coil magnetic resonance imaging in patients with anorectal tumor[J].Am J Surg, 2003, 185(4):328-332.
- 24. 周妮娜, 陳敏, 王文超, 等.動態增強磁共振成像對直腸癌術前新輔助治療療效的評價[J].磁共振成像, 2010, 1(2):103-109.
- 25. Glaser F, Schlag P, Herfarth C.Endorectal ultrasonography for the assessment of invasion of rectal tumours and lymph node involvement[J].Br J Surg, 1990, 77(8):883-887.
- 26. Herzog U, von Flüe M, Tondelli P, et al.How accurate is endorectal ultrasound in the preoperative staging of rectal cancer?[J].Dis Colon Rectum, 1993, 36(2):127-134.
- 27. Kim NK, Kim MJ, Yun SH, et al.Comparative study of transrectal ultrasonography, pelvic computerized tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging in preoperative staging of rectal cancer[J].Dis Colon Rectum, 1999, 42(6):770-775.
- 28. Kuo LJ, Chiou JF, Tai CJ, et al.Can we predict pathologic complete response before surgery for locally advanced rectal cancer treated with preoperative chemoradiation therapy?[J].Int J Colorectal Dis, 2012, 27(5):613-621.
- 29. Chen CC, Lee RC, Lin JK, et al.How accurate is magnetic resonance imaging in restaging rectal cancer in patients receiving preoperative combined chemoradiotherapy?[J].Dis Colon Rectum, 2005, 48(4):722-728.
- 30. Mathur P, Smith JJ, Ramsey C, et al.Comparison of CT and MRI in the pre-operative staging of rectal adenocarcinoma and prediction of circumferential resection margin involvement by MRI[J].Colorectal Dis, 2003, 5(5):396-401.
- 31. Napoleon B, Pujol B, Berger F, et al.Accuracy of endosonography in the staging of rectal cancer treated by radiotherapy[J].Br J Surg, 1991, 78(7):785-788.
- 32. Vanagunas A, Lin DE, Stryker SJ.Accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound for restaging rectal cancer following neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy[J].Am J Gastroenterol, 2004, 99(1):109-112.
- 33. Engin G, Sharifov R, Güral Z, et al.Can diffusion-weighted MRI determine complete responders after neoadjuvant chemoradiation for locally advanced rectal cancer?[J].Diagn Interv Radiol, 2012, 18(6):574-581.
- 34. Cho YB, Chun HK, Kim MJ, et al.Accuracy of MRI and 18F-FDG PET/CT for restaging after preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer[J].World J Surg, 2009, 33(12):2688-2694.
- 35. Zieren J, Paul M, Menenakos C.Transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) vs.radical surgery (RS) in the treatment of rectal cancer:indications, limitations, prospectives.A review[J].Acta Gastroent erol Belg, 2007, 70(4):374-80.
- 36. 董功航, 丁衛星, 鄧艷紅, 等.新輔助放化療后直腸癌的臨床病理學研究[J].中華外科雜志, 2008, 46(22):1748-1749.
- 37. Mandard AM, Dalibard F, Mandard JC, et al.Pathologic assessment of tumor regression after preoperative chemoradiotherapy of esophageal carcinoma.Clinicopathologic correlations[J].Cancer, 1994, 73(11):2680-2686.
- 38. Dworak O, Keilholz L, Hoffmann A.Pathological features of rectal cancer after preoperative radiochemotherapy[J].Int J Colorectal Dis, 1997, 12(1):19-23.
- 39. Wheeler JM, Warren BF, Mortensen NJ, et al.Quantification of histologic regression of rectal cancer after irradiation:a proposal for a modified staging system[J].Dis Colon Rectum, 2002, 45(8):1051-1056.
- 40. Gollins S.Radiation, chemotherapy and biological therapy in the curative treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer[J].Colorectal Dis, 2010, 12 Suppl 2:2-24.
- 41. Nakagawa WT, Rossi BM, de O Ferreira F, et al.Chemoradiation instead of surgery to treat mid and low rectal tumors:is it safe?[J].Ann Surg Oncol, 2002, 9(6):568-573.
- 42. Nair RM, Siegel EM, Chen DT, et al.Long-term results of transanal excision after neoadjuvant chemoradiation for T2 and T3 adenocarcinomas of the rectum[J].J Gastrointest Surg, 2008, 12(10):1797-1806.
- 43. Chessin DB, Enker W, Cohen AM, et al.Complications after preoperative combined modality therapy and radical resection of locally advanced rectal cancer:A 14-year experience from a specialty service[J].J Am Coll Surg, 2005, 200(6):876-884.
- 44. Eriksen MT, Wibe A, Norstein J, et al.Anastomotic leakage following routine mesorectal excision for rectal cancer in a national cohort of patients[J].Colorectal Dis, 2005, 7(1):51-57.
- 45. Matthiessen P, Hallb??k O, Andersson M, et al.Risk factors for anastomotic leakage after anterior resection of the rectum[J].Colorectal Dis, 2004, 6(6):462-469.
- 46. Bedrosian I, Rodriguez-Bigas MA, Feig B, et al.Predicting the node-negative mesorectum after preoperative chemoradiation for locally advanced rectal carcinoma[J].J Gastrointest Surg, 2004, 8(1):56-63.
- 47. Guillem JG, Chessin DB, Shia J, et al.Clinical examination following preoperative chemoradiation for rectal cancer is not a reliable surrogate end point[J].J Clin Oncol, 2005, 23(15):3475-3479.
- 48. Yu CS, Yun HR, Shin EJ, et al.Local excision after neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy in advanced rectal cancer:a national multicenter analysis[J].Am J Surg, 2013, 206(4):482-487.
- 49. Bonnen M, Crane C, Vauthey JN, et al.Long-term results using local excision after preoperative chemoradiation among selected T3 rectal cancer patients[J].Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 2004, 60(4):1098-1105.
- 50. Issa N, Murninkas A, Powsner E, et al.Long-term outcome of local excision after complete pathological response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy for rectal cancer[J].World J Surg, 2012, 36(10):2481-2487.
- 51. Habr-Gama A, Perez RO, Nadalin W, et al.Operative versus nonoperative treatment for stage 0 distal rectal cancer following chemoradiation therapy:long-term results[J].Ann Surg, 2004, 240(4):711-718.
- 52. Janjan NA, Crane C, Feig BW, et al.Improved overall survival among responders to preoperative chemoradiation for locally advanced rectal cancer[J].Am J Clin Oncol, 2001, 24(2):107-112.
- 53. Chan AK, Wong AO, Langevin J, et al.Preoperative chemotherapy and pelvic radiation for tethered or fixed rectal cancer:a phaseⅡdose escalation study[J].Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 2000, 48(3):843-856.
- 54. Gerard JP, Chapet O, Ramaioli A, et al.Long-term control of T2-T3 rectal adenocarcinoma with radiotherapy alone[J].Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 2002, 54(1):142-149.
- 55. Gerard JP, Roy P, Coquard R, et al.Combined curative radiation therapy alone in (T1) T2-3 rectal adenocarcinoma:A pilot study of 29 patients[J].Radiother Oncol, 1996, 38(2):131-137.
- 56. Papillon J.Present status of radiation therapy in the conservative management of rectal cancer[J].Radiother Oncol, 1990, 17(4):275-283.
- 57. Berard P, Papillon J.Role of pre-operative irradiation for anal preservation in cancer of the low rectum[J].World J Surg, 1992, 16(3):502-509.
- 58. Habr-Gama A, Perez RO, Nadalin W, et al.Long-term results of preoperative chemoradiation for distal rectal cancer correlation between final stage and survival[J].J Gastrointest Surg, 2005, 9(1):90-99.
- 59. Habr-Gama A.Assessment and management of the complete clinical response of rectal cancer to chemoradiotherapy[J].Colorectal Dis, 2006, 8(Suppl 3):21-24.